Accelerated stability and bioassay of a new oral α-ketoglutarate formulation for treating cyanide poisoning

Abstract

Context: Due to several limitations of existing cyanide antidotes, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) has been proposed as a promising treatment for cyanide.

Objective: This study reports the accelerated stability and bioassay of a new oral α-KG formulation.

Materials and methods: Amber-colored PVDF bottles containing 100 ml of 10% α-KG in 70% sorbitol, preservative (sodium methyl paraben and sodium propyl paraben), sweetener (sodium saccharine), flavor (American ice-cream soda and peppermint) and color (tartrazine), at pH 7.0–8.0 were stored in stability chamber (40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% humidity) for 6 months in a GMP compliant facility. Various physical (pH, color, evaporation, extractable volume and clarity), chemical (identification and quantification of active ingredient) and microbiological (total aerobic count) analyses, together with protection studies were carried periodically in mice. Acute toxicity of the formulation and bioavailability of α-KG were assessed in rats at the beginning of the experiment.

Results: No physical changes and microbiological growth were observed in the formulation. After 6 months, α-KG content in the formulation diminished by ∼24% but its protective efficacy against cyanide remained at 5.9-fold. Protection was further characterized spectrophotometrically by disappearance of α-KG spectrum in the presence of cyanide, confirming cyanohydrin formation. Oral LD₅₀ of α-KG formulation in rats was >7.0 g/kg body weight, and did not produce any acute toxicity of clinical significance. Also, an appreciable amount of α-KG was measured in blood.

Conclusion: As per the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization, the new α-KG formulation exhibited satisfactory stability, bioefficacy and safety as cyanide antidote.

• α-Ketoglutarate
• cyanide antidote
• formulation
• protective efficacy
• stability
• toxicity

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Prof. (Dr.) M. P. Kaushik, Director and Dr. P. V. L. Rao, Head, Bioprocess and Scale up Facility of DRDE, Gwalior, India for their support and encouragement.