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Abstract
Context: Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Myrtaceae), commonly known as jamun, is an Indian plant, traditionally well known for its medicinal properties including antidiabetic activity.
Objective: To isolate the antidiabetic compounds from Syzygium cumini seeds and evaluate their activity using aldose reductase (AR) and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition assays.
Materials and methods: The dried seeds were extracted with methanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. The extracts were screened for antidiabetic activity at a concentration of 100 µg/mL using in vitro AR and PTP 1B inhibition assays.
Results and discussion: The highly enriched fractions obtained from broad ethyl acetate fraction yielded maslinic acid (1), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (2), gallic acid (3), valoneic acid dilactone (4), rubuphenol (5), and ellagic acid (6). Structures were elucidated by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The initial ethyl acetate fraction showed AR inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 2.50 μg/mL and PTP1B enzyme inhibition with the IC50 value of 26.36 μg/mL. Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 6 were found to inhibit AR with IC50 values of 0.77, 0.075, 0.165, and 0.12 μg/mL while the compounds 4, 5, and 6 inhibited PTP1B with IC50 values of 9.37, 28.14, and 25.96 μg/mL, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the isolated constituents show promising in vitro antidiabetic activity and, therefore, can be candidates for in vivo biological screening using relevant models to ascertain their antidiabetic activity.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors are grateful to National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Department of AYUSH, New Delhi, India, for providing the financial assistance to carry out this work.