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Abstract
Context: Plants of the genus Heracleum L. (Apiaceae) have a long history of being used in traditional medicines for the treatment of alimentary tract disorders, and these biological effects have been ascribed to the presence of furanocoumarins (including bergapten).
Objectives: This study aimed to develop an efficient, preparative, counter-current chromatographic separation of bergapten in order to characterize its spasmolytic activity in isolated rat jejunum strips.
Materials and methods: Successful separation of the dichloromethane extract of the fruits of Heracleum leskovii Grossh. was achieved by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC) using a two-phase solvent system composed of n-heptane/EtOAc/MeOH/H2O (6:5:6:5, v/v/v/v). The pharmacological assessment of bergapten (0.0001–50 μM) on jejunum smooth muscle strips isolated from rats was conducted under isotonic conditions, following up to three hours of incubation.
Results: The separation method was scaled up six-fold from analytical to semi-preparative conditions, affording bergapten of >99% purity in less than 30 min. This permitted bergapten to be available in quantity for spasmolytic tests on isolated jejunum strips from rats. Bergapten caused myorelaxation of the intestine preparations in the concentration range of 0.0001–1 μM. At higher doses, bergapten caused either relaxation or contraction of the smooth muscle.
Discussion and conclusion: Bergapten was successfully isolated by rapid HPCCC and its spasmolytic activity was confirmed, thereby providing a preliminary evidence base for the traditional medicine application. The data suggest that bergapten causes no irreversible changes to intestinal tissue.
Declaration of interest
The authors report that they have no conflicts of interest. This work was partially supported (isolation part) by Grant no. N N405 617538 from the National Science Centre in Krakow, Poland.