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Original Article

Health care checks in Japan

Pages 285-291 | Received 23 Mar 1977, Published online: 12 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

In Japan there are three kinds of health check-up. The first to be established is called ‘ dry dock ’ in which patients have to stay two days or more in hospital. ‘ Dry dock ’ is an English translation of ‘ ningen dock ’ in Japanese. A patient entering the First National Hospital in Tokyo for a check-up in 1953 compared his 7 days' stay with the periodical check-up of a ship in dry dock. This simile rapidly spread throughout Japan, and ningen dock is now a well-known word in Japanese. The nearly two thousand dry dock centres are wide spread throughout Japan. In contrast, the 50 AMHTS centres (Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services) are located mainly in big city areas and carry out the checks on outpatients. AMHTS systems include sophisticated techniques such as automated questionnaires, laboratory automation and computing facilities which are ideal for processing large volumes of examinees and for good quality control. Lastly, there are the individual health checks in outpatient departments. Health checks are an established practice in Japan, but a practice not confined to that country: the problem is a universal one.

On trouve au Japon trois types de bilans de santé. Le premier et le plus ancien s'appelle ‘ dry dock ’. Les patients doivent séjourner dew jours ou plus à l'hopital. ‘ Dry Dock ’ est la traduction anglaise de ‘ Ningen Dock ’ en japonais. Un sujet qui, en 1953, entrait pour un bilan au First National Hospital de Tokyo compara son hospitalisation de 7 jours à la révision périodique d'un bateau en cale sěche (dry dock). Cette image se répandit très vite; et le terme de ‘ ningen dock ’ est maintenant bien connu au Japon. Les dry dock, dont le nombre avoisine 2 000, sont trěs répandus. En revanche, la cinquantaine de centres automatisés (AMHTS) est concentrée dans les régions des grandes villes. Ces centres s'addressent aux consultants externes. Ils sont équipés de systèmes de questionnaires automatisés, de chaiˇnes d'analyses, d'ordinateurs. De telles techniques permettent de prendre en compte des volumes importants d'examens et d'assurer un bon control de qualité. On trouve enfin des ensembles de bilans de santé dans les consultations externes. Si la pratique du check up est actuelle-ment très développée au Japon, on la rencontre également dans de nombreux autres pays ou régions; le recours aux bilans de santé pose de nos jours un problème universel.

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