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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care course and the American Academy of Pediatrics Neonatal Resuscitation Program training on perinatal mortality in rural India. Methods: This study was part of a multi-country prospective, community-based cluster randomized controlled trial. Birth, 7-day and 28-day neonatal outcomes for all women with pregnancies greater than 28 weeks in the 26 study communities in Karnataka, India were included. Mortality rates pre- and post-Essential Newborn Care training were collected prospectively and then communities randomized to either receive neonatal resuscitation or refresher newborn care training in the control clusters. Results: Consent was obtained on 99% of the 25,096 births. Perinatal mortality for infants ≥500 g decreased from 52 to 36/1000 after newborn care training (RR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5, 0.9); stillbirth decreased from 23 to 14/1000 (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.46, 0.83) and early neonatal mortality decreased from 29 to 22/1000 (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.53, 1.03). Mortality was not reduced further with resuscitation training. Conclusions: Using a pre–post design, World Health Organization Essential Newborn Care community birth attendant training resulted in a significant reduction in perinatal mortality. In low-resource settings, the newborn care training package appears to be an effective intervention to decrease perinatal mortality.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the contributions of additional study investigators: Vidya Sharma MD; University of Missouri at Kansas City, USA, and Hrishikesh Chakraborty, Research Triangle Institute, USA.
Declaration of interest: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the US National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), under a cooperative agreement with the grantees supported the trial (U01 HD043464, U01 HD040607, U01 HD040636, U01 HD042372). The authors declare that no conflict of interest.