Management of the Eclamptic Patient

Abstract

Eclampsia is defined as the development of convulsions and/or coma unrelated to other cerebral pathology during pregnancy or in the postpartum period in patients with signs and symptoms of preeclampsia. It is a life-threatening obstetrical emergency that is not limited to occurrence in tertiary care centers. Obstetricians and perinatal nurses in every facility therefore must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of this complication of pregnancy. Astute care by the obstetrical team is of paramount importance in eclampsia management because of increased risks of maternal trauma, volume overload, gastric aspiration, and fetal distress. Basic principles in the management of eclampsia are maternal support of vital functions, protection of mother from injury, prevention of recurrent convulsions, correction of maternal hypoxemia or acidemia, control of severe hypertension, and initiation of the delivery process. Parenteral magnesium sulfate remains the anticonvulsant agent of choice in eclamptic patients. Administration of magnesium sulfate requires personnel to be familiar with its pharmacology, side effects, and appropriate antidote in the event of overdosage. With a well-formulated management plan, improved maternal and fetal outcome is achievable in this infrequent but severe complication of pregnancy.

Key Words:

• Pregnancy
• Magnesium sulfate
• Obstetrical complications