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Original Article

Contraindications to the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre: A multidisciplinary review: Contraindicaciones de la maniobra de Dix-Hallpike: Una revisión multidisciplinaria

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Pages 166-173 | Received 14 Feb 2001, Accepted 29 May 2002, Published online: 07 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is widely used in the diagnosis of positional vertigo and is regarded as safe. The manoeuvre involves a degree of neck rotation and extension, and consequently one might expect there to be some patients, particularly those with neck problems, in whom the manoeuvre is contraindicated. The term ‘neck problem’, however, encompasses a whole range of conditions, including soft tissue disorders, cervical spondylosis, prolapsed intervertebral disk, and severe rheumatoid arthritis with cervical instability. These in turn will give rise to a variety of symptoms, which will vary from minimal pain or stiffness to severe pain or complete immobility, and, in some cases, neurological deficit. Clarification is therefore needed to establish the point at which any neck pain or stiffness ceases to be a minor problem and becomes a contraindication to performing the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre. This paper clarifies this issue by discussing the issue of absolute contraindications and proposing a simple functional assessment of neck mobility which can be performed prior to performing the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre. Relative contraindications such as back pathology, vertebrobasilar ischaemia (posterior circulation ischaemic disease), nerve root compression and medical fitness are also discussed.

La maniobra de Dix-Hallpike cs ampliamente utilizada en el diagnóstico del vértigo posicional y ha sido considerada como segura. La maniobra involucra un cierto grado de rotación y extensión del cuello, y consecuentemente uno podría esperar que existan algunos pacientes, particularmente aquellos con problemas en el cuello, para quienes dicha maniobra estariá contraindicada. El concepto de “problemas de cuello”, sin embargo, comprende un amplio rango de condiciones, incluyendo trastornos de los tejidos blandos, espondilosis cervical, discos intervertebrales prolapsados, y artritis reumatoide severa con inestabilidad cervical. Estas condiciones dan lugar a una variedad de síntomas que van desde el dolor mínimo o la rigidez, hasta el dolor sevcro o la inmovilidad total, y en algunos casos, el déficit neurológico. Se requiere, por lo tanto, una aclaración para establecer el punto en el que cualquier rigidez o dolor cervical deja dc ser un problcma menor y se convierte en una contraindicación para realizar la maniobra de Dix-Hallpike. Este trabajo aclara el asunto discutìendo las contraindicaciones absolutas y proponiendo una evaluación funcional simple de la movilidad cervical, que puede realizarse antes de ejecutar la maniobra de Dix-Hallpike. Se discuten también las contraindicaciones relativas, tales como la patología de la cspalda, la isquemia vertebrobasilar (enfermedad isquémica circulatoria posterior), la compresión de raíces nerviosas y la condición de salud.

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