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Original Article

High frequency audiometric notch: An outpatient clinic survey

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Pages 95-98 | Received 30 Dec 2008, Accepted 31 Aug 2009, Published online: 15 Feb 2010
 

Abstract

Abstract

It is a common misconception that high frequency audiometric notches are diagnostic of noise induced hearing loss. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of high frequency notch (HFN) in an audiovestibular medicine outpatient clinic population at a district general hospital. One hundred and forty nine consecutive adult patients were assessed. According to standard practice at the audiovestibular clinic, a full clinical history with particular emphasis on neuro-otological symptoms, noise exposure, and medical risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss was taken. After standard 8-frequency pure tone audiometry, subjects were divided into those with HFN and those without. There were 84 (56%) females and 65 (44%) males with a mean age of 45 years (range: 19 to 91 years). A total of 39.6% had notches not attributable to noise (occupational or recreational) or any other known risk factor. In 29 (49.2%) and 15 (25.4%) the HFN was present in the left and right ear respectively whereas 15 (25.4%) were bilateral. The frequency least affected was 3 kHz while 4 kHz and 6 kHz were affected in almost equal proportions. In 53 ears (71.6%), the notch depth was less than 20 dBHL (10–19 dB) compared to 21 ears (28.4%) with a depth of 20 dBHL or more. This study concludes that high frequency notch without excessive noise exposure or any other known factor is common. It is neither diagnostic of, nor invariable with NIHL unless a convincing history of hazardous noise exposure is elicited from the history.

Sumario

Es un concepto comúnmente equivocado que las muescas audiométricas en frecuencias altas implican el diagnóstico de pérdida auditiva inducida por ruido (NIHL). El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la prevalencia de muescas de frecuen-cias altas (HFN) en pacientes ambulatorios de medicina audio-vestibular en un hospital general distrital. Fueron evaluados ciento cuarenta y nueve pacientes adultos consecutivos. De acuerdo con la práctica normal de una clínica audio-vestibular, se hizo una historia clínica completa, con énfasis particular en los síntomas neuro-otológicos, exposición a ruido y factores de riesgo médico de pérdidas auditivas sensorineurales. Tras una audiometría estándar de tonos puros en ocho frecuencias, los sujetos fueron divididos según si tenían o no HFN. Fueron 84 (56%) mujeres y 65 (44%) hombres con edad media de 45 años (rango: 19-91 años). El 39.6% tenían muescas no atribui-bles a ruido (ocupacional o recreativo) o a otros factores de riesgo conocidos. En 29 (49.2%) y en 15 (25.4%) la HFN estuvo presente en oído izquierdo o derecho, respectivamente, mientras que en 15 (25.4%) fue bilateral. La frecuencia menos afectada fue 3 kHz mientras que 4 kHz y 6 kHz estuvieron casi igualmente afectadas. En 53 oídos (71.6%) la profundidad de la muesca fue menor de 20 dBHL (10-18 dB) comparada con 21 oídos (28.4%) en los que fue de 20 dBHL o mayor. Este estudio concluye que es común la HFN sin exposición exce-siva a ruido o a otros factores de riesgo y que no es un signo diagnóstico ni invariablemente una consecuencia de la NIHL, a menos que existan antecedentes convincentes de exposición peligrosa a ruido, derivados de la historia clínica

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr Wendy Albuquerque, Consultant Audiovestibular Physician for allowing us to use information from some of her clinic patients.

The findings of the study were presented at the International Congress of Audiology 2008, Hong Kong (8–12 June 2008) and at the 9th European Federation of Audiological Societies (EFAS) Congress in Tenerife, (June 21 to 24 2009) by the second author.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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