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Original Article

Otoacoustic emissions in a hearing conservation program: General applicability in longitudinal monitoring and the relation to changes in pure-tone thresholds

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Pages 410-419 | Received 12 Mar 2009, Accepted 01 Dec 2009, Published online: 02 Mar 2010
 

Abstract

Abstract

The hearing status of workers (N = 233) in a printing office was assessed twice within seventeen months by pure-tone audiometry and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). One of the questions was how a quality criterion of OAE-measurements based on a minimum signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) would affect the applicability on the entire population. Secondly, effects of noise exposure were investigated in overall changes in audiogram and OAE-measurements. For TEOAEs (transient evoked OAEs) in the frequency band of 4 kHz, only 55% of the data points meet the SNR-inclusion criterion. For DPOAEs (distortion product OAEs) around 6 kHz approximately 80% of the data points satisfy the criterion. Thus OAEs have a limited applicability for monitoring the hearing status of this entire population. Audiometry shows significant deteriorations at 6 and 8 kHz. TEOAEs show a significant decline at all frequency bands (1–4 kHz), DPOAEs between 4 and 8 kHz and less pronounced between 1 and 2 kHz. On group level, OAEs show a decline in a larger frequency region than the audiogram, suggesting an increased sensitivity of OAEs compared to audiometry.

Sumario

La condición auditiva de trabajadores (N = 233) en una imprenta fue evaluada en un período de diez y siete meses con audiometría tonal y emisiones otoacústicas (OAEs). Una de las inquietudes fue cómo un criterio de calidad de las mediciones de las OAE que se basa en una relación señal/ruido mínima (SNR) puede afectar la aplicabilidad a toda la población. Secundariamente, se investigaron los efectos de la exposición a ruido en los cambios globales en el audiograma y las mediciones de las EOA. Con TEOAEs (OAE evocadas por transitorios), en la banda de frecuencia de 4 kHz, solo el 55% de los datos parecen coincidir con el criterio de inclusión de la SNR. Con DPOAEs (OAEs por productos de distorsión) alrededor de 6 kHz, aproximadamente el 80% de los datos parece satisfacer el criterio. Por esto, las OAEs tienen una aplicabilidad limitada para monitorear el estado auditivo de la población general. La audiometría muestra deterioro significativo en 8 y 9 kHz. Las TEOAEs muestran una declinación significativa en todas las bandas de frecuencia (1-4 kHz) y las DPOAEs, entre 4 y 8 kHz, aunque menos pronunciadamente entre 1 y 2 kHz. A nivel grupal, las OAEs muestran declinación en una región frecuencial más ancha que en el audiograma, sugiriendo una sensibilidad incrementada de las OAEs en comparación con la audiometría.

Acknowledgments

Thanks to Miranda Neerings (AMC) for all her work in the data collection. Also thanks to Ed van de Veer and Wilma Van Brummelen, (both from Hearing Coach); Ingrid Spee, Ermine Rink, Gerard Braker, and Andre Voorbij (all from ArboNed/Keurcompany); Michael Ellerbeck, Wil Aardema, and Claire Schor (all from Telegraaf); and Mark Dreschler and Laszlo Korossy (both from AMC) for their contributions, logistic, and technical support.

R Development Core Team (2007). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org.

The authors would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions to improve the article.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.

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