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Clinical Note

Otological diagnoses and probable age-related auditory neuropathy in “younger” and “older” elderly persons

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Pages 578-581 | Received 02 Feb 2011, Accepted 01 Apr 2011, Published online: 03 Aug 2011
 

Abstract

Abstract

Objective: Audiological data from a population based epidemiological investigation were studied on elderly persons. Specific diagnoses of otological and audiological disorders, which can result in hearing loss, were searched for. Design: A retrospective register study. Study sample: Three age cohorts, 474 70- and 75-year olds (“younger”), and 252 85-year olds (“older”), were studied. Clinical pure tone and speech audiometry was used. Data from medical files were included. Results: Conductive hearing loss was diagnosed in 6.1% of the “younger” elderly persons, and in 10.3% of the “older” ones. Specific diagnoses (chronic otitis media and otosclerosis) were established in about half of the cases. Sensorineural hearing loss, other than age-related hearing loss and noise induced hearing loss, was diagnosed in 3.4 % and 5.2% respectively. Severely impaired speech recognition, possibly reflecting age-related auditory neuropathy, was found in 0.4% in the “younger” group, and in 10% in the “older” group. Bilateral functional deafness was present in 3.2% of the 85-year-old persons, but was not present in the 70–75-year group. Conclusion: The incidence of probable age-related auditory neuropathy increases considerably from 70–75 to 85 years. There are marked differences between “younger” and “older” elderly persons regarding hearing loss that severely affects oral communication.

Sumario

Objetivo: Se estudiaron los datos audiológicos obtenidos en una investigación epidemiológica basada en grupos de ancianos. Se buscaron diagnósticos específicos de problemas otológicos o audiológicos que pueden determinar pérdidas auditivas. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo de registros. Muestra: Se estudiaron tres cohortes de grupos de edad: 474 “jóvenes” de 70 y 75 años y 252 “viejos” de 85 años de edad. Se realizó audiometría clínica por tonos puros y logoaudiometría. Se incluyeron los datos de los expedientes clínicos. Resultados: Se diagnosticó pérdida auditiva conductiva en el 6.1% de los ancianos “jóvenes” y en el 10.3% de los “viejos”. Se estableció el diagnóstico especifico (otitis media crónica y otoesclerosis) en cerca de la mitad de los casos. Se diagnosticó pérdida auditiva neurosensorial, aparte de pérdidas relacionadas con la edad o inducidas por ruido, en el 3.4% y en el 5.2% de los casos, respectivamente. Se encontró reconocimiento del lenguaje severamente afectado, posiblemente reflejando neuropatía auditiva relacionada con la edad, en el 0.4% de los “jóvenes” y en el 10% de los “viejos”. La sordera funcional bilateral estuvo presente en el 3.2% de las personas de 85 años, pero no se observó en el grupo de personas de 70–75 años. Conclusión: La incidencia de neuropatía auditiva probablemente relacionada con la edad, aumenta considerablemente de los 70–75 a los 85 años. Hay marcadas diferencias relacionadas con las pérdidas auditivas entre ancianos más “jóvenes” y más “viejos”, que afectan severamente la comunicación oral.

Acknowledgements

The study is part of the Gothenburg Gerontological and Geriatric investigation, and it was supported by the foundation Tysta Skolan.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no conflict of interest. The authors alone are responsible for writing and content of the paper.

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