Toxicity and hemostatic potential of poly [ß-(1, 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine] based hemostatic material on albino rabbits

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the hemostatic potential of poly [ß-(1, 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine]-based hemostatic dressing material on albino rabbits. In vitro cytotoxicity study of poly [ß-(1, 4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucosamine]-based hemostatic dressing samples was carried out with L929 cells, and the cytotoxic potential was evaluated at the end of 24 h. The skin irritation was carried out in albino rabbits. Extract of the material was applied topically and irritation response was evaluated up to 72 h. The hemostatic study was initiated in rabbits after general anesthesia with a mixture of ketamine and xylazine. Using a sharp surgical blade, a 1.0 cm longitudinal incision was made on the right (test) and left (control) marginal ear arteries. Through the resultant jet spray of blood, the right 1.0 cm long wound was immediately covered with a 2 × 2 cm² piece of test material (poly [ß-(1,4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D glucosamine] of known weight (w1). Similarly the left wound (1.0 cm length) was covered with commercially-available bandage (control) of known weight (w2). Direct pressure was applied for 2 min and then the samples were removed and weighed immediately (w3 for test and w4 for control) after hemostasis. Blood loss (w3–w1 for the Test and w4–w2 for control) was calculated from the materials weight before and after absorbing blood. The result of the study indicated that the indigenously developed material has local biological activity in the form of hemostatic action and, together with its ability to activate macrophages, resulted in wound healing applications. Hence, the present study concluded that the poly [ß-(1,4)-2-amino-2-deoxy-D glucosamine]-based hemostatic dressing material is non-toxic, non-skin irritant, and has better hemostatic potential than a commercially available material with enhanced hemostatic capabilities for various wound dressing.

Keywords::

• Haemostatic
• wound healing
• skin irritation
• cytotoxicity
• SEM

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Professor K. Radhakrishnan, Director of the Institute, and Dr G. S. Bhuvaneshwar, Head, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram for their encouragement and support for this study. The technical supports of Ms A. L. Mary, Ms C. S. Geetha, and Ms M. Sheeja are gratefully acknowledged.

Declaration of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of the paper.