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Research Article

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Selectins, Integrins, and IgSf Cell Adhesion Molecules Focusing on Inflammation. A Paradigm Model on Infectious Endocarditis

, , , , , & show all
Pages 19-32 | Received 02 Mar 2011, Accepted 14 Jul 2011, Published online: 05 Sep 2011
 

Abstract

The development of adhesion bonds, either among cells or among cells and components of the extracellular matrix, is a crucial process. These interactions are mediated by some molecules collectively known as adhesion molecules (CAMs). CAMs are ubiquitously expressed proteins playing a central role in controlling cell migration, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Besides their key function in physiological maintenance of tissue integrity, CAMs play an eminent role in various pathological processes such as cardiovascular disorders, atherogenesis, atherosclerotic plaque progression and regulation of the inflammatory response. CAMs such as selectins, integrins, and immunoglobulin superfamily take part in interactions between leukocyte and vascular endothelium (leukocyte rolling, arrest, firm adhesion, migration). Experimental data and pathologic observations support the assumption that pathogenic microorganisms attach to vascular endothelial cells or sites of vascular injury initiating intravascular infections. In this review a paradigm focusing on cell adhesion molecules pathophysiology and infective endocarditis development is given.

Declaration of interest: The authors report no declarations of interest.

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