Escitalopram causes fewer seizures in human overdose than citalopram

Abstract

Context. Seizures are a recognized complication of acute overdose with the racemic (1:1 ratio of R- and S-enantiomers) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant citalopram. Objective. We tested the hypothesis that escitalopram (the therapeutically active S‐enantiomer of citalopram) causes fewer seizures in overdose than citalopram at comparable doses of the S-enantiomer. Methods. Multicenter retrospective review of cases with citalopram and escitalopram overdose reported to German, Austrian, and Swiss Poisons Centers between 1997 and 2006. Results. 316 citalopram and 63 escitalopram cases were analyzed. Somnolence, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, QT prolongation, and tremor occurred with similar frequency in both groups. There was a striking difference in the frequency of single and multiple seizures: 43 cases (13.5%) in the citalopram group and 1 case (1.6%) with a single seizure in the escitalopram group (p = 0.0065). Discussion and conclusions. At comparable ingested doses of the S-enantiomer, the symptom profile for citalopram and escitalopram intoxications is similar except for seizures that occur more frequently in citalopram than in escitalopram poisoning.

Keywords:

• Antidepressants
• SSRIs
• Seizures
• Poisoning
• Overdose

Acknowledgments

We thank the members of the Society of Clinical Toxicology (GfKT), a network of the poison centers of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, for supporting this study in particular for providing the exchange spreadsheet format.

Declaration of interest

The Swiss Toxicological Information Center has received a travel grant from H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, to present the data at the 2008 North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology Annual Meeting.