In Vitro Phototoxicity Due to Sulfonamide-Derived Oral Antidiabetic and Diuretic Drugs

Abstract

The sulfonamide-derived oral antidiabetic agents chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, gliquidone, glymidine, tolazamide, and tolbutamide, and the diuretics bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, tubizide, chlortalidone, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, indapamide, piretanide, polythiazide, trichlormethiazide, and xipamide were investigated for phototoxicity in a cell culture model. Cell death dependent on ultraviolet A (UVA) fluence and test substance concentration was observed in the presence of the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone, as well as the diuretics bemetizide, bendroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, piretanide, polythiazide, and trichlormethiazide. Bendroflumethiazide was phototoxic at concentrations of 5 × 10⁻⁵ M and higher; bemetizide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, bumetanide, and hydroflumethiazide were phototoxic at concentrations of 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ M and higher; and the oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and gliquidone as well as the diuretics butizide, hydrochlorothiazide, piretanide, polythiazide, and trichlormethiazide were phototoxic at concentrations of 5 × 10⁻⁴ M and higher.