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Abstract
Man has tried to immunize himself against snake venoms and other poisons since the beginnings of history. The scientific study of antivenins began with the work of Henry Sewall in 1887 and has progressed through the present century. Currently, a large number and diversity of monovalent and polyvalent antivenin preparations produced by well-defined protocols are commercially available around the world. These preparations owe much to the pioneering studies of many research workers, but most notably to the work of Sewall, Calmette, Fraser, Brazil, and Noguchi, and more recently to the studies of Boquet and Minton.