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Abstract
The objectives of modeling in this work were (a) the integration of two existing numerical models in order to connect external exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) with internal dose through inhalation, and (b) to use computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) to analyze the behavior of NPs in the respiratory and the cardiovascular system. Regarding the first objective, a lung transport and deposition model was combined with a lung clearance/retention model to estimate NPs dose in the different regions of the human respiratory tract and some adjacent tissues. On the other hand, CFPD was used to estimate particle transport and deposition of particles in a physiologically based bifurcation created by the third and fourth lung generations (respiratory system), as well as to predict the fate of super-paramagnetic particles suspended in a liquid under the influence of an external magnetic field (cardiovascular system). All the above studies showed that, with proper refinement, the developed computational models and methodologies may serve as an alternative testing strategy, replacing transport/deposition experiments that are expensive both in time and resources and contribute to risk assessment.
Declaration of interest
The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article. This study was supported by project NanoTEST under Contract No. HEALTH-2008-201335 of the European Commission and partially supported by GSRT through grant from the O.P. “Competitiveness” (Measure 4.5, Action 4.5.1, 75% co-funded by the European Union – European Regional Development Fund). O.M. is a recipient of the Greek National Scholarship Foundation