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Original

What symptoms predict the diagnosis of autism or PDD-NOS in infants and toddlers with developmental delays using the Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits

, PhD, &
Pages 381-388 | Received 05 May 2009, Accepted 07 May 2009, Published online: 05 Mar 2010
 

Abstract

Purpose: Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are characterized by life-long and severe symptoms such as stereotypies, social skills deficits and language delays. Previous research has demonstrated that children who receive early intensive behavioural intervention have a better prognosis than those who do not receive services. It is for this reason that assessments designed specifically for early identification of ASD are of paramount important.

Method: In Study 1, 957 infants with autism, PDD-NOS and atypical development were evaluated using an assessment screener for ASD traits, the Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT). In Study 2, only those with an autism or PDD-NOS diagnosis were evaluated.

Results: The BISCUIT was found to have an excellent overall classification rate for children in the target population. A sub-set of BISCUIT items was found that distinguished children with ASD from atypically developing children. Items were also found which could accurately predict autism vs PDD-NOS diagnosis.

Conclusions: These data suggest that the core features of ASD are distinct and can be identified early in life. Furthermore, the presence of specific core behaviours can allow for a more accurate clinical and diagnostic picture for young children with autism or PDD-NOS vs general developmental delays.

Resumen

Propósito: Los trastornos del espectro del autismo (Autism Spectrum Disorders, ASD) se caracterizan por síntomas crónicos y severos tales como estereotipias, deficiencias en las habilidades sociales, y retraso en el lenguaje. Investigaciones previas han demostrado que los niños que reciben una intervención conductual temprana de manera intensiva tienen un mejor pronóstico que aquéllos que no reciben tales servicios. Por esta razón son de primordial importancia las valoraciones para la detección temprana de ASD.

Métodos: En el estudio 1, 957 lactantes con autismo, PDD-NOS, y con un desarrollo atípico fueron evaluados utilizando una valoración de tamizaje para rasgos ASD, el Baby and Infant Screen for aUtIsm Traits (BISCUIT). En el estudio 2 sólo aquéllos niños con autismo ó diagnóstico PDD-NOS fueron evaluados.

Resultados: Se encontró que el BISCUIT posee una excelente tasa de clasificación para los niños en la población establecida. Un subconjunto de los ítems del BISCUIT fue capaz de distinguir a niños con ASD de niños con un desarrollo atípico. También se encontraron ítems capaces de predecir de manera exacta el diagnóstico de autismo contra el diagnostico de PDD-NOS.

Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que las características medulares de las ASD son precisas y pueden ser identificadas tempranamente. Además, la presencia de ciertas conductas específicas permite establecer un cuadro diagnóstico y clínico más preciso de niños pequeños con autismo ó PDD-NOS versus el retraso en el desarrollo general.

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