An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration

Catherine UlbrichtNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USACorrespondence[email protected]

, PharmD,

Dawn CostaNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

, BA, BS,

Julie DaoNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

, BS,

Richard IsaacNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

Yvonne C. LeBlancNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

, PharmD, MBA, CGP,

Jenna RhoadesNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

, PharmD &

Regina C. WindsorNatural Standard Research Collaboration, Somerville, MA, USA

, MPH show all

ABSTRACT

An evidence-based systematic review of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration consolidates the safety and efficacy data available in the scientific literature using a validated, reproducible grading rationale. This article includes written and statistical analysis of clinical trials, plus a compilation of expert opinion, folkloric precedent, history, pharmacology, kinetics/dynamics, interactions, adverse effects, toxicology, and dosing.

KEYWORDS. :

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An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration

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