Acute Encephalitis of Viral Origin

Abstract

75 patients with acute encephalitis of confirmed or suggestive viral or virus-like etiology showed a predominance of herpes simplex virus (HSV) as an etiological agent (13.3–32.0%) in all age groups without seasonal variation and increasing in number during years. Mumps, occurring mainly in female patients, was next in order and thereafter coxsackievirus B, varicella-zoster, and adenoviruses, followed by multiple coincident infections, and a large number of occasional agents. HSV seems to have displaced tick-borne encephalitis virus as the major cause of acute encephalitis in Finland. Pregnancy appeared to increase susceptibility to HSV encephalitis. The outcome was associated with the etiological agent in the first hand, HSV and nonviral microbes appeared unfavourable, but also with the clinical symptomatology, particularly altered consciousness, mental symptoms and focal neurological signs. The need for exact and rapid diagnosis in all cases of acute encephalitis is underlined in view of the possibility of specific therapy.