Age of Depressed Patient does Not Affect Clinical Outcome in Collaborative Care Management

Abstract

Clinical response and remission for the treatment of depression has been shown to be improved utilizing collaborative care management (CCM). Prior studies have indicated that the presence of mental health comorbidities noted by self-rated screening tools at the intake for CCM are associated with worsening outcomes; few have examined directly the impact of age on clinical response and remission. The hypothesis was that when controlling for other mental health and demographic variables, the age of the patient at implementation of CCM does not significantly impact clinical outcome, and that CCM shows consistent efficacy across the adult age spectrum. We performed a retrospective chart analysis of a cohort of 574 patients with a clinical diagnosis of major depression (not dysthymia) treated in CCM who had 6 months of follow-up data. Using the age group as a categorical variable in logistic regression models demonstrated that while maintaining control of all other variables, age grouping remained a nonsignificant predictor of clinical response (P ≥ 0.1842) and remission (P ≥ 0.1919) after 6 months of treatment. In both models, a lower Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score and a negative Mood Disorder Questionnaire score were predictive of clinical response and remission. However, the initial Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score was a statistically significant predictor only for clinical remission (P = 0.0094), not for response (P = 0.0645), at 6 months. In a subset (n = 295) of the study cohort, clinical remission at 12 months was also not associated with age grouping (P ≥ 0.3355). The variables that were predictive of remission at 12 months were the presence of clinical remission at 6 months (odds ratio [OR], 7.4820; confidence interval [CI], 3.9301-14.0389; P < 0.0001), clinical response (with persistent symptoms) (OR, 2.7722; CI, 1.1950-6.4313; P = 0.0176), and a lower initial Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score (OR, 0.9121; CI, 0.8475-0.9816; P = 0.0140). Our study suggests that using CCM for depression treatment may transcend age-related differences in depression and result in positive outcomes regardless of age.

Keywords:

• depression
• collaborative care management
• primary care
• mental health comorbidities