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Research Article

Monitoring of long-term thiopurine therapy among adults with inflammatory bowel disease

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Pages 1105-1112 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Robin J. Dart & Peter M. Irving. (2017) Optimising use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology 13:9, pages 877-888.
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Marianne Kiszka-Kanowitz, Klaus Theede & Anette Mertz-Nielsen. (2016) Randomized clinical trial: a pilot study comparing efficacy of low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol to azathioprine on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 51:12, pages 1470-1475.
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S. Almer. (2010) Novel Strategies in the Thiopurine Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 29:4-6, pages 267-277.
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Articles from other publishers (42)

Peter M. Irving & Krisztina B. Gecse. (2022) Optimizing Therapies Using Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Current Strategies and Future Perspectives. Gastroenterology 162:5, pages 1512-1524.
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Albert J. Czaja. (2020) Review article: opportunities to improve and expand thiopurine therapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 51:12, pages 1286-1304.
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Sara van Gennep, Kadère Konté, Berrie Meijer, Martijn W. Heymans, Geert R. D’Haens, Mark Löwenberg & Nanne K. H. de Boer. (2019) Systematic review with meta-analysis: risk factors for thiopurine-induced leukopenia in IBD. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 50:5, pages 484-506.
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Sheng Zhang Lim & Eng Wee Chua. (2018) Revisiting the Role of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Pharmacogenomics and Use of Novel Methods for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Frontiers in Pharmacology 9.
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Sandra Bohn Thomsen, Marianne Kiszka-Kanowitz, Klaus Theede, Lise Lotte Gluud & Anette Mertz Nielsen. (2018) Optimized thiopurine therapy before withdrawal of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α in patients with Crohn’s disease. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 30:10, pages 1155-1158.
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Luc J. J. Derijks, Dennis R. Wong, Daniel W. Hommes & Adriaan A. van Bodegraven. (2018) Clinical Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 57:9, pages 1075-1106.
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Vid Mlakar, Patricia Huezo-Diaz Curtis, Chakradhara Satyanarayana Uppugunduri, Maja Krajinovic & Marc Ansari. (2016) Pharmacogenomics in Pediatric Oncology: Review of Gene—Drug Associations for Clinical Use. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17:9, pages 1502.
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Shi Sum Poon, Rebecca Asher, Richard Jackson, Andrew Kneebone, Paul Collins, Chris Probert, Martyn Dibb & Sreedhar Subramanian. (2015) Body Mass Index and Smoking Affect Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 9:8, pages 640-646.
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Steven Chung Ming Fong, Paul Andrew Blaker, Monica Arenas-Hernandez, Anthony Marin Marinaki & Jeremy David Sanderson. (2015) Getting the best out of thiopurine therapy: thiopurine S -methyltransferase and beyond . Biomarkers in Medicine 9:1, pages 51-65.
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Edouard Louis, Peter Irving & Laurent Beaugerie. (2014) Use of azathioprine in IBD: modern aspects of an old drug. Gut 63:11, pages 1695-1699.
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Margien L Seinen, Nanne KH de Boer, Adriaan A van Bodegraven, Stephen B Hanauer & Frank Hoentjen. (2014) Allopurinol–thiopurine combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical Investigation 4:10, pages 873-879.
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Peter M. Irving. (2014) Can we get more from our current treatments?. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 28:3, pages 451-463.
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Gerassimos J. Mantzaris. (2014) When can we cure Crohn's?. Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 28:3, pages 519-529.
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Peter M. Irving. (2014) Are We Using and Monitoring Thiopurines and Biologics Optimally?. Digestive Diseases 32:4, pages 410-418.
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Salma Melaouhia, Monia Fékih, Henda Ferchichi, Houda Bouissorra, Nadia Ben Mustapha, Jalel Boubaker, Azza Filali, Mohamed Lakhal & Anis Klouz. (2013) Y a-t-il intérêt à doser les métabolites de l’azathioprine chez les malades ayant une maladie inflammatoire chronique de l’intestin?. Therapies 68:5, pages 313-320.
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P.A. Blaker, M. Arenas-Hernandez, M.A. Smith, E.A. Shobowale-Bakre, L. Fairbanks, P.M. Irving, J.D. Sanderson & A.M. Marinaki. (2013) Mechanism of allopurinol induced TPMT inhibition. Biochemical Pharmacology 86:4, pages 539-547.
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N. A. Kennedy, T. L. Asser, R. E. Mountifield, M. P. Doogue, J. M. Andrews & P. A. Bampton. (2013) Thiopurine metabolite measurement leads to changes in management of inflammatory bowel disease. Internal Medicine Journal 43:3, pages 278-286.
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M. Smith, P. Blaker, C. Patel, A. Marinaki, M. Arenas, E. Escuredo, S. Anderson, P. Irving & J. Sanderson. (2013) The impact of introducing thioguanine nucleotide monitoring into an inflammatory bowel disease clinic. International Journal of Clinical Practice 67:2, pages 161-169.
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Adele Corrigan, Monica Arenas-Hernandez, Paul Blaker, Jeremy Sanderson & Anthony Marinaki. (2012) Let’s get personal: predicting thiopurine and fluoropyrimidine toxicity. Personalized Medicine 9:8, pages 859-870.
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Paul Andrew BlakerMonica Arenas-Hernandez, Anthony Marin Marinaki & Jeremy David Sanderson. (2012) The pharmacogenetic basis of individual variation in thiopurine metabolism. Personalized Medicine 9:7, pages 707-725.
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Lennard P.L. Gilissen, Dennis R. Wong, Leopold G.J.B. Engels, Jörgen Bierau, Jaap A. Bakker, Aimée D.C. Paulussen, Mariëlle J. Romberg-Camps, Arnold Stronkhorst, Paul Bus, Laurens P. Bos, Piet M. Hooymans, Reinhold W. Stockbrügger, Cees Neef & Ad A.M. Masclee. (2012) Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine metabolites in adult thiopurine tolerant IBD patients on maintenance therapy. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 6:6, pages 698-707.
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R. van Egmond, P. Chin, M. Zhang, C. W. Sies & M. L. Barclay. (2012) High TPMT enzyme activity does not explain drug resistance due to preferential 6‐methylmercaptopurine production in patients on thiopurine treatment . Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 35:10, pages 1181-1189.
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Jack H. Jacobsen, Kjeld Schmiegelow & Jacob Nersting. (2012) Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry quantification of 6-thioguanine in DNA using endogenous guanine as internal standard. Journal of Chromatography B 881-882, pages 115-118.
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Liang Ding, Fang-bin Zhang, Hui Liu, Xiang Gao, Hui-chang Bi, Xue-ding Wang, Bai-li Chen, Yu Zhang, Li-zi Zhao, Guo-ping Zhong, Pin-jin Hu, Min-hu Chen & Ming Huang. (2012) Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity is related to 6-thioguanine nucleotide concentrations and thiopurine-induced leukopenia in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 18:1, pages 63-73.
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Melissa L. Haines, Yousef Ajlouni, Peter M. Irving, Miles P. Sparrow, Rosemary Rose, Richard B. Gearry & Peter R. Gibson. (2011) Clinical usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurines in patients with inadequately controlled inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 17:6, pages 1301-1307.
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P. de Graaf, R.M. Vos, N.H.K. de Boer, A. Sinjewel, B. Jharap, C.J.J. Mulder, A.A. van Bodegraven & A.I. Veldkamp. (2010) Limited stability of thiopurine metabolites in blood samples: Relevant in research and clinical practise. Journal of Chromatography B 878:19, pages 1437-1442.
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Nicole Jourdil, Xavier Fonrose, Roselyne Boulieu & Françoise Stanke-Labesque. (2010) Suivi thérapeutique pharmacologique des 6-thioguanine nucléotides dans les maladies inflammatoires cryptogéniques de l’intestin : intérêt et limites. Therapies 65:3, pages 177-186.
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L T Ford & J D Berg. (2010) Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) assessment prior to starting thiopurine drug treatment; a pharmacogenomic test whose time has come. Journal of Clinical Pathology 63:4, pages 288-295.
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Jared T. Hagaman, Brent W. Kinder & Mark H. Eckman. (2010) Thiopurine S-Methyltranferase Testing in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Pharmacogenetic Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Lung 188:2, pages 125-132.
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Jenny E Higgs, Katherine Payne, Chris Roberts & William G Newman. (2010) Are patients with intermediate TPMT activity at increased risk of myelosuppression when taking thiopurine medications?. Pharmacogenomics 11:2, pages 177-188.
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Ulf Hindorf, Khatoon Jahed, Annika Bergquist, Hans Verbaan, Hanne Prytz, Sven Wallerstedt, Mårten Werner, Rolf Olsson, Einar Björnsson, Curt Peterson & Sven H.C. Almer. (2010) Characterisation and utility of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite measurements in autoimmune hepatitis. Journal of Hepatology 52:1, pages 106-111.
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L. A. CHRISTENSEN, J. F. DAHLERUP, M. J. NIELSEN, J. F. FALLINGBORG & K. SCHMIEGELOW. (2008) Azathioprine treatment during lactation. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 28:10, pages 1209-1213.
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R L Roberts, R B Gearry, M L Barclay & M A Kennedy. (2006) IMPDH1 promoter mutations in a patient exhibiting azathioprine resistance. The Pharmacogenomics Journal 7:5, pages 312-317.
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Max Reinshagen, Ekkehard Schütz, Victor W Armstrong, Christoph Behrens, Christian von Tirpitz, Andreas Stallmach, Hans Herfarth, Jürgen Stein, Peter Bias, Guido Adler, Maria Shipkova, Wolfgang Kruis, Michael Oellerich & Nicolas von Ahsen. (2007) 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide–Adapted Azathioprine Therapy Does Not Lead to Higher Remission Rates Than Standard Therapy in Chronic Active Crohn Disease: Results from a Randomized, Controlled, Open Trial. Clinical Chemistry 53:7, pages 1306-1314.
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Ahmed Morales, Sandhya Salguti, Chuan L. Miao & James D. Lewis. (2007) Relationship Between 6-Mercaptopurine Dose and 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 13:4, pages 380-385.
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Javier P. Gisbert, Pilar Niño, Luis Rodrigo, Carlos Cara & Luis G. Guijarro. (2006) Thiopurine Methyltransferase (TPMT) Activity and Adverse Effects of Azathioprine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Long-Term Follow-Up Study of 394 Patients. The American Journal of Gastroenterology 101:12, pages 2769-2776.
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Javier P. Gisbert, Yago González-Lama & José Maté. (2006) Monitorización de la tiopurina metiltransferasa y de los metabolitos tiopurínicos para optimizar el tratamiento con azatioprina en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Gastroenterología y Hepatología 29:9, pages 568-583.
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L. J. J. DERIJKS, L. P. L. GILISSEN, P. M. HOOYMANS & D. W. HOMMES. (2006) Review article: thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24:5, pages 715-729.
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Mark T. Osterman, Rabi Kundu, Gary R. Lichtenstein & James D. Lewis. (2006) Association of 6-Thioguanine Nucleotide Levels and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology 130:4, pages 1047-1053.
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Luc J. J. Derijks & Daniel W. Hommes. (2006) Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: New strategies for optimization of pharmacotherapy?. Current Gastroenterology Reports 8:2, pages 89-92.
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R. B. Gearry, M. L. Barclay, R. L. Roberts, J. Harraway, M. Zhang, L. S. Pike, P. M. George & C. M. Florkowski. (2005) Thiopurine methyltransferase and 6-thioguanine nucleotide measurement: early experience of use in clinical practice. Internal Medicine Journal 35:10, pages 580-585.
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John A Duley & Timothy H. J Florin. (2005) Thiopurine Therapies. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 27:5, pages 647-654.
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