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Research Article

Risk Factors for HIV-2 Seropositivity Among Older People in Guinea-Bissau. A Search for the Early History of HIV-2 Infection

Pages 169-175 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Allan Sørensen, Sanne Jespersen, Terese L Katzenstein, Candida Medina, David da Silva Té, Faustino Gomes Correira, Cecilie Juul Hviid, Alex Lund Laursen & Christian Wejse. (2016) Clinical presentation and opportunistic infections in HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dual seropositive patients in Guinea-Bissau. Infectious Diseases 48:8, pages 604-611.
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Katherine Hart LaVail. (2010) Coverage of Older Adults and HIV/AIDS: Risk Information for an Invisible Population. Communication Quarterly 58:2, pages 170-187.
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David Gisselquist. (2004) Impact of long-term civil disorders and wars on the trajectory of HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa. SAHARA-J: Journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS 1:2, pages 114-127.
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S. Jespersen, F. Månsson, J. Lindman, C. Wejse, C. Medina, Z. J. da Silva, DdS Te, P. Medstrand, J. Esbjörnsson & B. L. Hønge. (2020) HIV treatment in Guinea-Bissau: room for improvement and time for new treatment options. AIDS Research and Therapy 17:1.
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Ana Frias, Jorge Guerrero-Martin, Maria Barros, Maria Chora & Margarida Sim-Sim. 2020. Handbook of Research on Health Systems and Organizations for an Aging Society. Handbook of Research on Health Systems and Organizations for an Aging Society 176 184 .
Jens S. Olesen, Sanne Jespersen, Zacarias J. da Silva, Amabélia Rodrigues, Christian Erikstrup, Peter Aaby, Christian Wejse & Bo L. Hønge. (2018) HIV-2 continues to decrease, whereas HIV-1 is stabilizing in Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 32:9, pages 1193-1198.
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A. DIOUF, H. TROTTIER, T. J. YOUBONG, N. F. NGOM-GUÉYE, O. NDIAYE, A. SECK, D. SARR, S. DIOP, M. SEYDI, S. MBOUP, V. K. NGUYEN & A. JAYE. (2017) Does smallpox vaccination modify HIV disease progression among ART-naive people living with HIV in Africa?. Epidemiology and Infection 146:2, pages 218-226.
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Carla van Tienen & Maarten Schim van der Loeff. 2018. Encyclopedia of AIDS. Encyclopedia of AIDS 513 523 .
João Dinis Sousa, Marina Padrão Temudo, Barry Stephen Hewlett, Ricardo Jorge Camacho, Viktor Müller & Anne-Mieke Vandamme. (2016) Male Circumcision and the Epidemic Emergence of HIV-2 in West Africa. PLOS ONE 11:12, pages e0166805.
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Sanne Jespersen, Bo Langhoff Hønge, Joakim Esbjörnsson, Candida Medina, David da Silva Té, Faustino Gomes Correira, Alex Lund Laursen, Lars Østergaard, Andreas Andersen, Peter Aaby, Christian Erikstrup & Christian Wejse. (2016) Differential effects of sex in a West African cohort of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV-1/2 dually infected patients: men are worse off. Tropical Medicine & International Health 21:2, pages 253-262.
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Helen R. Fryer, Carla Van Tienen, Maarten Schim Van Der Loeff, Peter Aaby, Zacarias J. Da Silva, Hilton Whittle, Sarah L. Rowland-Jones & Thushan I. de Silva. (2015) Predicting the extinction of HIV-2 in rural Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 29:18, pages 2479-2486.
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Carla van Tienen & Maarten Schim van der Loeff. 2016. Encyclopedia of AIDS. Encyclopedia of AIDS 1 11 .
Isabel Inês M. de Pina-Araujo, Monick L. Guimarães, Gonzalo Bello, Ana Carolina P. Vicente & Mariza G. Morgado. (2014) Profile of the HIV Epidemic in Cape Verde: Molecular Epidemiology and Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infected Patients from Distinct Islands of the Archipelago. PLoS ONE 9:4, pages e96201.
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Osman Sankoh, Samuelina S. Arthur, Bongiwe Nyide & Mark Weston. (2014) The history and impact of HIV&AIDS. A decade of INDEPTH research. HIV & AIDS Review 13:3, pages 78-84.
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Séverine Delarue, Emmanuelle Didier, Florence Damond, Diane Ponscarme, Karen Brengle-Pesce, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Muriel Vray, Marie Gueudin & François Simon. (2013) Highly sensitive plasma RNA quantification by real-time PCR in HIV-2 group A and group B infection. Journal of Clinical Virology 58:2, pages 461-467.
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Patrick Sandoz. (2013) Does AIDS involve some collusion by the neuro-immune system because of positive learning of the disarmament strategy?. Medical Hypotheses 80:4, pages 345-351.
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Thushan I. de Silva, Carla van Tienen, Clayton Onyango, Abdoulie Jabang, Tim Vincent, Maarten F. Schim van der Loeff, Roel A. Coutinho, Assan Jaye, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Hilton Whittle, Matthew Cotten & Stéphane Hué. (2013) Population dynamics of HIV-2 in rural West Africa. AIDS 27:1, pages 125-134.
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Geoffrey S. Gottlieb. (2013) Changing HIV epidemics. AIDS 27:1, pages 135-137.
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Eirini Moysi, Thushan de Silva & Sarah Rowland-Jones. 2012. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV. Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV 293 315 .
Carla van Tienen, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Ingrid Peterson, Matthew Cotten, Birgitta Holmgren, Sören Andersson, Tim Vincent, Ramu Sarge-Njie, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Assan Jaye, Peter Aaby & Hilton Whittle. (2010) HTLV-1 in rural Guinea-Bissau: prevalence, incidence and a continued association with HIV between 1990 and 2007. Retrovirology 7:1.
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Thushan I de Silva, Carla van Tienen, Sarah L Rowland-Jones,. (2010) Dual infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2: double trouble or destructive interference?. HIV Therapy 4:3, pages 305-323.
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Fredrik Månsson, Antonio Biague, Zacarias José da Silva, Francisco Dias, LA Fredrik Nilsson, Sören Andersson, Eva Maria Fenyö & Hans Norrgren. (2009) Prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 before, during and after a civil war in an occupational cohort in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa. AIDS 23:12, pages 1575-1582.
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Simone Monteiro. (2009) STD/AIDS prevention in Portuguese-speaking Africa: a review of the recent literature in the social sciences and health. Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25:3, pages 680-686.
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Thushan I. de Silva, Matthew Cotten & Sarah L. Rowland-Jones. (2008) HIV-2: the forgotten AIDS virus. Trends in Microbiology 16:12, pages 588-595.
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W. P. SCHMIDT, M. SCHIM VAN DER LOEFF, P. AABY, H. WHITTLE, R. BAKKER, M. BUCKNER, F. DIAS & R. G. WHITE. (2007) Behaviour change and competitive exclusion can explain the diverging HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence trends in Guinea–Bissau. Epidemiology and Infection 136:4, pages 551-561.
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Paul B Spiegel, Anne Rygaard Bennedsen, Johanna Claass, Laurie Bruns, Njogu Patterson, Dieudonne Yiweza & Marian Schilperoord. (2007) Prevalence of HIV infection in conflict-affected and displaced people in seven sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review. The Lancet 369:9580, pages 2187-2195.
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Mette Lundsby Jensen, Sangeeta Dave, Maarten Schim van der Loeff, Carlos da Costa, Tim Vincent, Aleksandra Leligdowicz, Christine Stabell Benn, Adam Roth, Henrik Ravn, Ida Maria Lisse, Hilton Whittle & Peter Aaby. (2006) Vaccinia Scars Associated with Improved Survival among Adults in Rural Guinea-Bissau. PLoS ONE 1:1, pages e101.
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Sarah Rowland-Jones. (2006) Protective immunity against HIV infection: lessons from HIV-2 infection. Future Microbiology 1:4, pages 427-433.
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Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, Akum Aveika Awasana, Ramu Sarge-Njie, Marianne van der Sande, Assan Jaye, Saihou Sabally, Tumani Corrah, Samuel J McConkey & Hilton C Whittle. (2006) Sixteen years of HIV surveillance in a West African research clinic reveals divergent epidemic trends of HIV-1 and HIV-2. International Journal of Epidemiology 35:5, pages 1322-1328.
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Hetty Blaak, Marchina E. van der Ende, Patrick H.M. Boers, Hanneke Schuitemaker & Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus. (2006) In vitro replication capacity of HIV-2 variants from long-term aviremic individuals. Virology 353:1, pages 144-154.
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Jacques Pépin, Mireille Plamondon, Alfredo Claudino Alves, Mélissa Beaudet & Annie-Claude Labbé. (2006) Parenteral transmission during excision and treatment of tuberculosis and trypanosomiasis may be responsible for the HIV-2 epidemic in Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 20:9, pages 1303-1311.
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Perpétua Gomes, Ana Abecasis, Mercedes Almeida, Ricardo Camacho & Kamal Mansinho. (2003) Transmission of HIV-2. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 3:11, pages 683-684.
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E Lagarde, M Schim van der Loeff, C Enel, B Holmgren, R Dray-Spira, G Pison, JP Piau, V Delaunay, S M’Boup, I Ndoye, M Cœuret-Pellicer, H Whittle & P Aaby. (2003) Mobility and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus into rural areas of West Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology 32:5, pages 744-752.
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Philippe Lemey, Oliver G. Pybus, Bin Wang, Nitin K. Saksena, Marco Salemi & Anne-Mieke Vandamme. (2003) Tracing the origin and history of the HIV-2 epidemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100:11, pages 6588-6592.
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Birgitta Holmgren, Zacarias da Silva, Olav Larsen, Pernille Vastrup, Sören Andersson & Peter Aaby. (2003) Dual infections with HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I are more common in older women than in men in Guinea-Bissau. AIDS 17:2, pages 241-253.
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Paul J. Bock & David M. Markovitz. (2001) Infection with HIV-2. AIDS 15, pages S35-S45.
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