4,322
Views
177
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Improving the fairness of multiple-choice questions: a literature review

Pages 709-712 | Published online: 03 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (18)

Jonathan Schaffir & Vivian Pramataroff-Hamburger. (2023) Best practices for teaching psychosomatic obstetrics and gynecology. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 44:1.
Read now
Laksha Bala, Rachel J. Westacott, Celia Brown & Amir H. Sam. (2023) Twelve tips for introducing very short answer questions (VSAQs) into your medical curriculum. Medical Teacher 45:4, pages 360-367.
Read now
Sashiananthan Ganesananthan, Chunhei Li, Anastasia Donnir, Anthony Anthony, Timothy Woo, Agata P Zielinska & Ankur Khajuria. (2021) Changing Student Perception of an Online Integrated Structured Clinical Examination During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Advances in Medical Education and Practice 12, pages 887-894.
Read now
Amir H. Sam, Rebecca Wilson, Rachel Westacott, Mark Gurnell, Colin Melville & Celia A. Brown. (2021) Thinking differently – Students’ cognitive processes when answering two different formats of written question. Medical Teacher 43:11, pages 1278-1285.
Read now
Nicole Gardner-Neblett, Ximena Franco, Claudia Mincemoyer & Antonio A. Morgan-Lopez. (2020) Web-based Professional Development for Improving Early Childhood Professionals’ Actual and Perceived Knowledge of Dual Language Learners. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education 41:4, pages 403-432.
Read now
Komal Srinivasa, Yan Chen & Marcus A. Henning. (2020) The role of online videos in teaching procedural skills to post-graduate medical learners: A systematic narrative review. Medical Teacher 42:6, pages 689-697.
Read now
William Rowley, Charlotte Greene, Alice Pearson, Onome Uwhubetine & Bethany Chung. (2020) Assessing the assessment strategies: A medical student perspective. Medical Teacher 42:6, pages 712-713.
Read now
Stephanie Dowling, J Last, H Finnegan, John Bourke, Pat Daly, Conor Hanrahan, Pat Harrold, Geoff McCoombe & W Cullen. (2020) How does small group continuing medical education (CME) impact on practice for rural GPs and their patients, a mixed-methods study. Education for Primary Care 31:3, pages 153-161.
Read now
Sérgio Moro, António Martins, Pedro Ramos, Joaquim Esmerado, Joana Martinho Costa & Daniela Almeida. (2020) Unfolding the Drivers of Student Success in Answering Multiple-Choice Questions About Microsoft Excel. Computers in the Schools 37:2, pages 55-73.
Read now
Debra Pugh, André De Champlain & Claire Touchie. (2019) Plus ça change, plus c’est pareil: Making a continued case for the use of MCQs in medical education. Medical Teacher 41:5, pages 569-577.
Read now
Susanne Skjervold Smeby, Børge Lillebo, Vidar Gynnild, Eivind Samstad, Rune Standal, Heidi Knobel, Anne Vik & Tobias S. Slørdahl. (2019) Improving assessment quality in professional higher education: Could external peer review of items be the answer?. Cogent Medicine 6:1.
Read now
Veronica W. Ho, Peter G. Harris, Rakesh K. Kumar & Gary M. Velan. (2018) Knowledge maps: a tool for online assessment with automated feedback. Medical Education Online 23:1.
Read now
Rafael Henrique Rangel, Leona Möller, Helmut Sitter, Tina Stibane & Adam Strzelczyk. (2017) Sure, or unsure? Measuring students’ confidence and the potential impact on patient safety in multiple-choice questions. Medical Teacher 39:11, pages 1189-1194.
Read now
Jye Y. Sia & Jayne E. Harrison. (2015) Trainers' and trainees' perceptions of workplace-based assessment in orthodontics. Journal of Orthodontics 42:4, pages 284-300.
Read now
Gavin Heron & Jennifer Lerpiniere. (2013) Re-engineering the multiple choice question exam for social work. European Journal of Social Work 16:4, pages 521-535.
Read now
Alexandra M. Tregonning, Dorota A. Doherty, Janet Hornbuckle & Jan E. Dickinson. (2012) The audience response system and knowledge gain: A prospective study. Medical Teacher 34:4, pages e269-e274.
Read now
ChristopherM. Keller & JohnF. Kros. (2011) An Innovative Excel Application to Improve Exam Reliability in Marketing Courses. Marketing Education Review 21:1, pages 21-28.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (159)

Galvin Sim Siang Lin & Hasnah Hashim. (2024) Navigating the assessment landscape: Dental students' perceptions of extended‐matching questions versus single‐correct answers. Journal of Dental Education.
Crossref
Shu-Fen Lin & Wan-Chin Shie. (2023) A Cooperative Model of Development and Validation of a Curriculum-Based Scientific Competence Test. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 22:3, pages 491-514.
Crossref
Filipe Manuel Vidal Falcão, Daniela S.M. Pereira, José Miguel Pêgo & Patrício Costa. (2023) Progress is impossible without change: implementing automatic item generation in medical knowledge progress testing. Education and Information Technologies 29:4, pages 4505-4530.
Crossref
Lee Drown, Nikole Giovannone, David B. Pisoni & Rachel M. Theodore. (2024) Validation of two measures for assessing English vocabulary knowledge on web-based testing platforms: long-form assessments. Linguistics Vanguard 9:1, pages 113-124.
Crossref
Jiayun Wang, Wenge Rong, Jun Bai, Zhiwei Sun, Yuanxin Ouyang & Zhang Xiong. (2024) Multisource Soft Labeling and Hard Negative Sampling for Retrieval Distractor Ranking. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 17, pages 664-676.
Crossref
Jonathan Schaffir & Vivian Pramataroff-Hamburger. 2024. Women’s Health and Pandemic Crisis. Women’s Health and Pandemic Crisis 251 257 .
Đulaga Hadžić, Enes Saletović & Zinaid Kapić. (2023) Software system for automatic reading, storing, and evaluating scanned paper Evaluation Sheets for questions with the choice of one correct answer from several offered. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1298:1, pages 012020.
Crossref
Ö Okumuş & ZZ Yurdabakan. (2023) Misconceptions about Oral Diagnosis and Radiology among Dental Students: A Questionnaire Study. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 26:11, pages 1659-1666.
Crossref
Andrew Tran, Kenneth Angelikas, Egi Rama, Chiku Okechukwu, David H. Smith & Stephen MacNeil. (2023) Generating Multiple Choice Questions for Computing Courses Using Large Language Models. Generating Multiple Choice Questions for Computing Courses Using Large Language Models.
Katherine Lyon, Nathan Roberson, Mark Lam, Daniel Riccardi, Jennifer Lightfoot & Simon Lolliot. (2022) A Sociological Lens on Linguistic Diversity: Implications for Writing Inclusive Multiple-Choice Assessments. Teaching Sociology 51:4, pages 336-348.
Crossref
Stefan Heber, Matthaeus Ch Grasl & Ivo Volf. (2023) A successful intervention to improve conceptual knowledge of medical students who rely on memorization of disclosed items. Frontiers in Physiology 14.
Crossref
Girish R Chauhan, Bhoomika R Chauhan, Jayesh V Vaza & Pradip R Chauhan. (2023) Relations of the Number of Functioning Distractors With the Item Difficulty Index and the Item Discrimination Power in the Multiple Choice Questions. Cureus.
Crossref
Sultan Ayoub Meo, Abeer A. Al-Masri, Metib Alotaibi, Muhammad Zain Sultan Meo & Muhammad Omair Sultan Meo. (2023) ChatGPT Knowledge Evaluation in Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences: Multiple Choice Question Examination-Based Performance. Healthcare 11:14, pages 2046.
Crossref
Sonja Breuer, Thomas Scherndl & Tuulia M. Ortner. (2023) Effects of response format on achievement and aptitude assessment results: multi-level random effects meta-analyses. Royal Society Open Science 10:5.
Crossref
Angela Marie Medina, Derek Pareja, Estrella Berlanga, Clarice Crawford & Alicia Tormo. (2023) Concepts of Family Support in Stuttering: A Multicultural Perspective. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 8:2, pages 343-357.
Crossref
Sonja Breuer, Thomas Scherndl & Tuulia M. Ortner. (2023) Find the Mistake!. Journal of Individual Differences 44:2, pages 83-96.
Crossref
Samia Naqvi, Reema Srivastava, Tareq Al Damen, Asma Al Aufi, Amal Al Amri & Suleiman Al Adawi. (2023) Establishing Reliability and Validity of an Online Placement Test in an Omani Higher Education Institution. Languages 8:1, pages 61.
Crossref
Samira Adnan, Shaur Sarfaraz, Muhammad Kashif Nisar & Rizwan Jouhar. (2022) Faculty perceptions on one‐best MCQ development. The Clinical Teacher 20:1.
Crossref
Sabar Aritonang Rajagukguk, Harjanto Prabowo, Agustinus Bandur & Rini Setiowati. (2023) Higher Educational Institution (HEI) Promotional Management Support System Through Sentiment Analysis for Student Intake Improvement. IEEE Access 11, pages 77779-77792.
Crossref
Hosam Eldeen Elsadig Gasmalla & Mohamed Elnajid Mustafa Mohamed Tahir. 2023. Written Assessment in Medical Education. Written Assessment in Medical Education 91 99 .
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal & Mona Hmoud AlSheikh. 2023. Written Assessment in Medical Education. Written Assessment in Medical Education 155 167 .
Anna Frey, Tobias Leutritz, Joy Backhaus, Alexander Hörnlein & Sarah König. (2022) Item format statistics and readability of extended matching questions as an effective tool to assess medical students. Scientific Reports 12:1.
Crossref
Tayseer Mansour, Shereen A. El Tarhouny & Manal Azab. (2022) ASSESSMENT OF MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS TEST ITEM QUALITY AFTER POST EXAM ITEM ANALYSIS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, pages 32-34.
Crossref
Filipe Falcão, Patrício Costa & José M. Pêgo. (2022) Feasibility assurance: a review of automatic item generation in medical assessment. Advances in Health Sciences Education 27:2, pages 405-425.
Crossref
Dmitry N. Sherbina. (2022) Chronometry of distractor views to discover the thinking process of students during a computer knowledge test. Behavior Research Methods 54:5, pages 2463-2478.
Crossref
Hélen Kaline Farias Bezerra, Kamilla Karla Maurício Passos, Augusto César Leal da Silva Leonel, Elaine Judite de Amorim Carvalho, Eduarda Helena Leandro do Nascimento, Flávia Maria de Moraes Ramos‐Perez & Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez. (2021) Identifying misconceptions about oral radiology and medicine among dental students. Journal of Dental Education 86:2, pages 144-153.
Crossref
Samiran Nundy, Atul Kakar & Zulfiqar A. BhuttaSamiran Nundy, Atul Kakar & Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. 2022. How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?. How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries? 393 404 .
Marin Lujak, Marija Slavkovik, Alexis Lebis, Mathieu Vermeulen & Arnaud Doniec. 2022. Handbook on Intelligent Techniques in the Educational Process. Handbook on Intelligent Techniques in the Educational Process 239 268 .
Ashley C. Simons, Kirk M. McHugh, Susan Appling, Shannon L. Harris & Jennifer M. Burgoon. (2021) Instructional Approaches: Anatomy Education of Physical Therapists. Anatomical Sciences Education 15:1, pages 102-114.
Crossref
Matthew Baxter, Maria dos Santos Lonsdale & Stephen Westland. (2021) Utilising design principles to improve the perception and effectiveness of public health infographics. Information Design Journal 26:2, pages 124-156.
Crossref
Oğuz Dicle, Sema Özan, Hatice Şahin & Mustafa Seçil. (2021) How to perform an excellent radiology board examination: a web-based checklist. Insights into Imaging 12:1.
Crossref
Thomas Puthiaparampil & Mizanur Rahman. (2021) How important is distractor efficiency for grading Best Answer Questions?. BMC Medical Education 21:1.
Crossref
Bharat Kumar, Manish Suneja & Melissa L Swee. (2021) Development and Test-Item Analysis of a Freely Available 1900-Item Question Bank for Rheumatology Trainees. Cureus.
Crossref
Gavin T. L. Brown, Paul Denny, David L. San Jose & Ellen Li. (2021) Setting Standards With Multiple-Choice Tests: A Preliminary Intended-User Evaluation of SmartStandardSet. Frontiers in Education 6.
Crossref
Vikas Gupta, Eric R. Williams & Roopma Wadhwa. (2021) Multiple-Choice Tests: A–Z in Best Writing Practices. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 44:2, pages 249-261.
Crossref
Jan Douglas‐Morris, Helen Ritchie, Catherine Willis & Darren Reed. (2021) Identification‐Based Multiple‐Choice Assessments in Anatomy can be as Reliable and Challenging as Their Free‐Response Equivalents. Anatomical Sciences Education 14:3, pages 287-295.
Crossref
Marlit Annalena Lindner, Jörn R. Sparfeldt, Olaf Köller, Josef Lukas & Detlev Leutner. (2021) Ein Plädoyer zur Qualitätssicherung schriftlicher Prüfungen im Psychologiestudium. Psychologische Rundschau 72:2, pages 93-105.
Crossref
Alice Huang, Dale Hancock, Matthew Clemson, Giselle Yeo, Dylan Harney, Paul Denny & Gareth Denyer. (2021) Selecting student-authored questions for summative assessments. Research in Learning Technology 29.
Crossref
Neville D Yeomans, Jillian R Sewell, Philip Pigou & Stuart Macintyre. (2020) Demographics and performance of candidates in the examinations of the Australian Medical Council, 1978–2019. Medical Journal of Australia 214:2, pages 54.
Crossref
Dharmendra Kumar, Raksha Jaipurkar, Atul Shekhar, Gaurav Sikri & V. Srinivas. (2021) Item analysis of multiple choice questions: A quality assurance test for an assessment tool. Medical Journal Armed Forces India 77, pages S85-S89.
Crossref
Parissa Sezari, Ardeshir Tajbakhsh, Nilofar Massoudi, Ali Arhami Dolatabadi, Soodeh Tabashi, Shahram Sayyadi, Maryam Vosoughian & Ali Dabbagh. (2020) Evaluation of One-Day Multiple-Choice Question Workshop for Anesthesiology Faculty Members. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine 10:6.
Crossref
Thomas Puthiaparampil & Md Mizanur Rahman. (2020) Very short answer questions: a viable alternative to multiple choice questions. BMC Medical Education 20:1.
Crossref
Muhammad Naseer & Rafaqat Ali Akbar. (2020) Relationship between Teachers’ Professional Commitment and Formative Assessment Practices as a Part of Curriculum Implementation at Secondary Level in Punjab. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 6:3, pages 1015-1024.
Crossref
Nasrin Khajeali, Maryam Aslami & Marzieh Araban. (2020) Analysis of medical and dentistry basic sciences examinations: A case study. Health Monitor Journal of the Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research 19:4, pages 383-389.
Crossref
Philip A. Atkin, Amanda Willis, Clare Doncahie, Ross O. C. Elledge, Steven J. Thomas, Richeal Ni Riordain, Sheila Galvin, Clare Marney, Jane F. Setterfield, Peter M. Smith & Douglas Hammond. (2020) Human disease/clinical medical sciences in dentistry: Current state and future development of undergraduate assessments in the UK and Ireland. European Journal of Dental Education 24:3, pages 442-448.
Crossref
Audrey K. Cook, Jonathan A. Lidbury, Kate E. Creevy, Johanna C. Heseltine, Sina Marsilio, Brian Catchpole & Kim D. Whittlestone. (2020) Multiple-Choice Questions in Small Animal Medicine: An Analysis of Cognitive Level and Structural Reliability, and the Impact of these Characteristics on Student Performance. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 47:4, pages 497-505.
Crossref
Mohammad Barzegar, Reza Ghaffari, Farzad Rahmani, Amir Ghaffarzad, Hamid Soltani Zangbar, Solmaz Fallahi & Amir Hossein Jafari-Rouhi. (2020) Comparison of emergency medical residency pre-board and board exams among universities of medical sciences in Iran. Research and Development in Medical Education 9:1, pages 9-9.
Crossref
Herland Franley Manalu & Diana Anggraeni. (2020) THE OPTIMAL NUMBER OF OPTIONS USED IN MULTIPLE-CHOICE TEST FORMAT FOR NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS IN INDONESIA. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8:2, pages 824-834.
Crossref
Miray ÖZSU & Niyazi CAN. (2020) İngilizce Dersi Test Maddelerinde Resim Kullanımının Test ve Madde Psikometrik Özelliklerine EtkisiThe Effect of the Using Visuals in Test Items of English Lessons on Test and Item Psychometric Properties. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 17:1, pages 85-103.
Crossref
Jungjoon Ihm, Yongmin Shin & Deog‐Gyu Seo. (2020) Did Clinical Reasoning and Knowledge Questions During Team‐Based Learning Enhance Dental Students’ Performance in Esthetic Dentistry?. Journal of Dental Education 84:4, pages 495-501.
Crossref
Süleyman Nihat Şad. (2020) Does difficulty-based item order matter in multiple-choice exams? (Empirical evidence from university students). Studies in Educational Evaluation 64, pages 100812.
Crossref
Sonja Breuer, Thomas Scherndl & Tuulia M. Ortner. (2020) Effects of Response Format on Psychometric Properties and Fairness of a Matrices Test: Multiple Choice vs. Free Response. Frontiers in Education 5.
Crossref
Nidawan Changtong, Nantakarn Maneejak & Pratchayapong Yasr. (2020) Approaches for Implementing STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics) Activities among Middle School Students in Thailand. International Journal of Educational Methodology 6:1, pages 185-198.
Crossref
DareenKhalid Aljehani, Fawaz Pullishery, OmerAbdelgadir Elfaki Osman & BasemMohamed Abuzenada. (2020) Relationship of text length of multiple-choice questions on item psychometric properties – A retrospective study. Saudi Journal for Health Sciences 9:2, pages 84.
Crossref
PerleEmilie Zhitnitskiy. (2020) Serious gaming as an active method of learning applied antibiotherapy in swine veterinary medicine. Education in the Health Professions 3:2, pages 63.
Crossref
Sowmiya Karthikeyan, Elizabeth O’Connor & Wendy Hu. (2019) Barriers and facilitators to writing quality items for medical school assessments – a scoping review. BMC Medical Education 19:1.
Crossref
Miriam Duncumb & Jennifer Cleland. (2019) Student Perceptions of a Sequential Objective Structured Clinical Examination. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 49:3, pages 245-249.
Crossref
Amir H Sam, Rachel Westacott, Mark Gurnell, Rebecca Wilson, Karim Meeran & Celia Brown. (2019) Comparing single-best-answer and very-short-answer questions for the assessment of applied medical knowledge in 20 UK medical schools: Cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 9:9, pages e032550.
Crossref
Stephen Snow, Adriana Wilde, Paul Denny & m. c. schraefel. (2018) A discursive question: Supporting student‐authored multiple choice questions through peer‐learning software in non‐STEMM disciplines. British Journal of Educational Technology 50:4, pages 1815-1830.
Crossref
Hayley Croft, Conor Gilligan, Rohan Rasiah, Tracy Levett-Jones & Jennifer Schneider. (2019) Current Trends and Opportunities for Competency Assessment in Pharmacy Education–A Literature Review. Pharmacy 7:2, pages 67.
Crossref
Mahmoud Afifi & Khaled F. Hussain. (2019) The achievement of higher flexibility in multiple-choice-based tests using image classification techniques. International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR) 22:2, pages 127-142.
Crossref
Sarah König & Alexander Hörnlein. (2018) Prüfungen im Medizinstudium – mehr als nur NotenExaminations while studying medicine – more than simply grades. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 169:5-6, pages 126-131.
Crossref
Marjolein Versteeg, Marjo Wijnen-Meijer & Paul Steendijk. (2019) Informing the uninformed: a multitier approach to uncover students’ misconceptions on cardiovascular physiology. Advances in Physiology Education 43:1, pages 7-14.
Crossref
Sayantani Ghosh, Shraman Pramanick, Anurag Bagchi & Amit Konar. (2019) Automatic Detection of Confidence Level of Examinees in Answering Multiple Choice Questions using P1000 Brain Signal. Automatic Detection of Confidence Level of Examinees in Answering Multiple Choice Questions using P1000 Brain Signal.
Jim F. Schilling. (2019) Assessing the Application of Knowledge in Athletic Training: Extended-Matching Questions. Athletic Training Education Journal 14:1, pages 80-89.
Crossref
Yasser El MiedanyYasser El Miedany. 2019. Rheumatology Teaching. Rheumatology Teaching 93 116 .
Abdul Aleem & Manoj M. Gore. (2018) C‐BEAM: A confidence‐based evaluation of MCQs for providing feedback to instructors. Computer Applications in Engineering Education 27:1, pages 112-127.
Crossref
Brian Jolly & Mary Jane Dalton. 2018. Understanding Medical Education. Understanding Medical Education 291 317 .
David Hope, Karen Adamson, I. C. McManus, Liliana Chis & Andrew Elder. (2018) Using differential item functioning to evaluate potential bias in a high stakes postgraduate knowledge based assessment. BMC Medical Education 18:1.
Crossref
Ramon Targino Firmino, Fabian Calixto Fraiz, Gisele Ristow Montes, Saul Martins Paiva, Ana Flávia Granville‐Garcia & Fernanda Morais Ferreira. (2018) Impact of oral health literacy on self‐reported missing data in epidemiological research. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 46:6, pages 624-630.
Crossref
Marlit A. Lindner, Sonja M. Mayntz & Johannes Schult. (2018) Studentische Bewertung und Präferenz von Hochschulprüfungen mit Aufgaben im offenen und geschlossenen Antwortformat. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 32:4, pages 239-248.
Crossref
Gabriel Faria-Costa, Milton Severo, Maria Amélia Ferreira, Hercília GuimarãesTiago Henriques-Coelho. (2018) Assessment in pediatrics clerkships: impact of strategies to solve item-sharing problems. Porto Biomedical Journal 3:3, pages e21.
Crossref
Evan T. Hall, Kathryn W. Weaver, Alexander C. Perino, Andrew Elder & Abraham Verghese. (2018) 'A Man Walks Into a Bar': Riddles in the Teaching of Medicine. The American Journal of Medicine 131:9, pages 1000-1002.
Crossref
Rajabalee Yousra Banoor, Frank Rennie & Mohammad Issack Santally. (2018) The Relationship Between Quality of Student Contribution in Learning Activities and their Overall Performances in an Online Course. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 21:1, pages 16-30.
Crossref
Kenneth Royal & David Dorman. (2018) Comparing Item Performance on Three- Versus Four-Option Multiple Choice Questions in a Veterinary Toxicology Course. Veterinary Sciences 5:2, pages 55.
Crossref
Rebecca Grainger, Emma Osborne, Wei Dai & Diane Kenwright. (2018) The process of developing a rubric to assess the cognitive complexity of student-generated multiple choice questions in medical education. The Asia Pacific Scholar 3:2, pages 19-24.
Crossref
Amir H Sam, Samantha M Field, Carlos F Collares, Cees P M van der Vleuten, Val J Wass, Colin Melville, Joanne Harris & Karim Meeran. (2018) Very-short-answer questions: reliability, discrimination and acceptability. Medical Education 52:4, pages 447-455.
Crossref
Timothy J. Bristol, John W. Nelson, Karin J. Sherrill & Virginia S. Wangerin. (2018) Current State of Test Development, Administration, and Analysis. Nurse Educator 43:2, pages 68-72.
Crossref
R.M. Sumudu Himesha B Medawela, Dugganna Ralalage Dilini Lalanthi Ratnayake, Wijeyapala Abesinghe Mudiyanselage Udari Lakshika Abeyasinghe, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe & Kosala Nirmalani Marambe. (2018) Effectiveness of “fill in the blanks” over multiple choice questions in assessing final year dental undergraduates. Educación Médica 19:2, pages 72-76.
Crossref
Nikki L. Bibler Zaidi, Karri L. Grob, Seetha U. Monrad, Elizabeth S. Holman, Larry D. Gruppen & Sally A. Santen. (2017) Item Quality Improvement: What Determines a Good Question? Guidelines for Interpreting Item Analysis Reports. Medical Science Educator 28:1, pages 13-17.
Crossref
R. Grazziotin‐Soares, S. L. Lind, D. M. Ardenghi & D. A. Curtis. (2017) Misconceptions amongst dental students: How can they be identified?. European Journal of Dental Education 22:1.
Crossref
Erkan Hasan Atalmis & Neal Martin Kingston. (2018) The Impact of Homogeneity of Answer Choices on Item Difficulty and Discrimination. SAGE Open 8:1, pages 215824401875814.
Crossref
Patrick Watson, TengFei Ma, Ravi Tejwani, Maria Chang, JaeWook Ahn & Sharad Sundararajan. (2018) Human-level Multiple Choice Question Guessing Without Domain Knowledge. Human-level Multiple Choice Question Guessing Without Domain Knowledge.
Yuefeng Lu & James Lynch. (2017) Are Clinical Vignette Questions Harder than Traditional Questions in Gross Anatomy Course?. Medical Science Educator 27:4, pages 723-728.
Crossref
Erkan Atalmış & Neal Kingston. (2017) Three, four, and none of the above options in multiple-choice items. Turkish Journal of Education, pages 143-157.
Crossref
Luke T Surry, Dario Torre & Steven J Durning. (2017) Exploring examinee behaviours as validity evidence for multiple-choice question examinations. Medical Education 51:10, pages 1075-1085.
Crossref
Christina St-Onge, Meredith Young, Kevin W. Eva & Brian Hodges. (2016) Validity: one word with a plurality of meanings. Advances in Health Sciences Education 22:4, pages 853-867.
Crossref
Lance Vincent Watkins. (2017) Is the MRCPsych fit for purpose?. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice 12:5, pages 331-336.
Crossref
Nikki B. Zaidi, Charles Hwang, Sara Scott, Stefanie Stallard, Joel Purkiss & Michael Hortsch. (2017) Climbing Bloom's taxonomy pyramid: Lessons from a graduate histology course. Anatomical Sciences Education 10:5, pages 456-464.
Crossref
Vinu E.V. & P. Sreenivasa Kumar. (2017) Automated generation of assessment tests from domain ontologies. Semantic Web 8:6, pages 1023-1047.
Crossref
Gerhard Riener & Valentin Wagner. (2017) Shying away from demanding tasks? Experimental evidence on gender differences in answering multiple-choice questions. Economics of Education Review 59, pages 43-62.
Crossref
Claire Gwinnett. 2017. Forensic Science Education and Training. Forensic Science Education and Training 269 300 .
J. de Laffolie, D. Visser, M. Hirschburger & S. Turial. (2016) „Cues“ und „pseudocues“ in chirurgischen MC-Fragen des deutschen StaatsexamensCues and pseudocues in surgical multiple choice questions from the German state examination. Der Chirurg 88:3, pages 239-243.
Crossref
Kamila A. Dell & Gwendolyn A. Wantuch. (2017) How-to-guide for writing multiple choice questions for the pharmacy instructor. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 9:1, pages 137-144.
Crossref
Andrew J. Notebaert. (2016) The effect of images on item statistics in multiple choice anatomy examinations. Anatomical Sciences Education 10:1, pages 68-78.
Crossref
Amir H. Sam, Saira Hameed, Joanne Harris & Karim Meeran. (2016) Validity of very short answer versus single best answer questions for undergraduate assessment. BMC Medical Education 16:1.
Crossref
Karen Luetsch & Judith Burrows. (2016) Certainty rating in pre-and post-tests of study modules in an online clinical pharmacy course - A pilot study to evaluate teaching and learning. BMC Medical Education 16:1.
Crossref
David N. Dubins, Gregory M.K. Poon & Lalitha Raman-Wilms. (2016) When passing fails: Designing multiple choice assessments to control for false positives. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning 8:5, pages 598-608.
Crossref
Jayne Greening, Erin Turner, Gareth Rees & Caroline Winkle. (2018) The MRCPsych post-2015: preparing trainees and improving courses. BJPsych Advances 22:3, pages 194-200.
Crossref
Alma Jurado-Núñez & Iwin Leenen. (2016) Reflexiones sobre adivinar en preguntas de opción múltiple y cómo afecta el resultado del examen. Investigación en Educación Médica 5:17, pages 55-63.
Crossref
Barrie BrennanBarrie Brennan. 2016. Continuing Professional Education in Australia. Continuing Professional Education in Australia 135 154 .
Lisa Barkley & Deleso Alford. (2015) Medical Ethics and Health Equity: The Henrietta Lacks Story. MedEdPORTAL.
Crossref
Vanessa Taylor, Sarah Ashelford, Patricia Fell & Penelope J Goacher. (2015) Biosciences in nurse education: is the curriculum fit for practice? Lecturers' views and recommendations from across the UK . Journal of Clinical Nursing 24:19-20, pages 2797-2806.
Crossref
Marlit A. Lindner, Benjamin Strobel & Olaf Köller. (2015) Multiple-Choice-Prüfungen an Hochschulen?. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie 29:3-4, pages 133-149.
Crossref
Emily M. Webb, Jonathan S. Phuong & David M. Naeger. (2015) Does Educator Training or Experience Affect the Quality of Multiple-Choice Questions?. Academic Radiology 22:10, pages 1317-1322.
Crossref
J. Tricio, M. Woolford, M. Thomas, H. Lewis‐Greene, L. Georghiou, M. Andiappan & M. Escudier. (2014) Dental students' peer assessment: a prospective pilot study. European Journal of Dental Education 19:3, pages 140-148.
Crossref
Asim A. Al‐Ansari & Maha M.A. El Tantawi. (2015) Comparison of Three Evidence‐Based Practice Learning Assessment Methods in Dental Curricula. Journal of Dental Education 79:2, pages 146-156.
Crossref
Tahra AlMahmoud, MargaretAnn Elzubeir, Sami Shaban & Frank Branicki. (2015) An Enhancement-focused framework for developing high quality single best answer multiple choice questions. Education for Health 28:3, pages 194.
Crossref
S. A. Halkude & Sunita B. Aher. 2015. Proceedings of the International Conference on Transformations in Engineering Education. Proceedings of the International Conference on Transformations in Engineering Education 505 514 .
Brian Sanjay Heist, Jed David Gonzalo, Steven Durning, Dario Torre & David Michael Elnicki. (2014) Exploring Clinical Reasoning Strategies and Test-Taking Behaviors During Clinical Vignette Style Multiple-Choice Examinations: A Mixed Methods Study. Journal of Graduate Medical Education 6:4, pages 709-714.
Crossref
Nicoleta Acomi. (2014) The Optimum Method of Students’ Evaluation in Higher Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 149, pages 4-7.
Crossref
Caryl Feldacker, Sergio Chicumbe, Martinho Dgedge, Gerito Augusto, Freide Cesar, Molly Robertson, Francisco Mbofana & Gabrielle O'Malley. (2014) Mid-Level Healthcare Personnel Training: An Evaluation of the Revised, Nationally-Standardized, Pre-Service Curriculum for Clinical Officers in Mozambique. PLoS ONE 9:7, pages e102588.
Crossref
Michael P. Escudier, Jorge A. Tricio & Edward W. Odell. (2014) Student Acceptability of High‐Stakes e‐Assessment in Dental Education: Using Privacy Screen Filters to Control Cheating. Journal of Dental Education 78:4, pages 558-566.
Crossref
Anand Mishra. (2013) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS AND OTHER METHODS OF EVALUATION IN ANATOMY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2:37, pages 7086-7089.
Crossref
Fahmi Ishaq El-Uri & Naser Malas. (2013) Analysis of use of a single best answer format in an undergraduate medical examination. Qatar Medical Journal 2013:1.
Crossref
Brian Jolly. 2013. Understanding Medical Education. Understanding Medical Education 255 277 .
Zoltán Sára, Zoltán Csedő, Mariann Dinyáné Szabó & Gábor Pörzse. (2013) Knowledge transfer in health care informatics education: quality, efficiency and measurability. Orvosi Hetilap 154:32, pages 1269-1276.
Crossref
AJ Batchelder & MJ McCarthy. (2013) A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence of Current Methods of Assessment for Surgical Trainees. The Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 95:6, pages 7-11.
Crossref
Donald A Curtis, Samuel L Lind, Christy K Boscardin & Mark Dellinges. (2013) Does student confidence on multiple‐choice question assessments provide useful information?. Medical Education 47:6, pages 578-584.
Crossref
R. Soler Fernández, C. Méndez Díaz & E. Rodríguez García. (2013) Formación continuada. Cómo redactar preguntas con opciones de respuesta múltiple. Radiología 55, pages 28-36.
Crossref
Peter Rich & Richard Guy. (2012) A “Do‐It‐Yourself” interactive bone structure module: Development and evaluation of an online teaching resource. Anatomical Sciences Education 6:2, pages 107-113.
Crossref
Alma Jurado-Núñez, Fernando Flores-Hernández, Laura Delgado-Maldonado, Hermann Sommer-Cervantes, Adrián Martínez-González & Melchor Sánchez- Mendiola. (2013) Distractores en preguntas de opción múltiple para estudiantes de medicina: ¿cuál es su comportamiento en un examen sumativo de altas consecuencias?. Investigación en Educación Médica 2:8, pages 202-210.
Crossref
Donald A. Curtis, Samuel L. Lind, Mark Dellinges & Kurt Schroeder. (2012) Identifying Student Misconceptions in Biomedical Course Assessments in Dental Education. Journal of Dental Education 76:9, pages 1183-1194.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant & James Ware. (2012) A Framework for Improving the Quality of Multiple-Choice Assessments. Nurse Educator 37:3, pages 98-104.
Crossref
F. Vila & A. Sanz. (2012) Reintroducing photosynthesis. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 40:2, pages 148-155.
Crossref
Frank Peters-Klimm, Gunter Laux, Stephen Campbell, Thomas Müller-Tasch, Nicole Lossnitzer, Jobst-Hendrik Schultz, Andrew Remppis, Jana Jünger & Christoph Nikendei. (2012) Physician and Patient Predictors of Evidence-Based Prescribing in Heart Failure: A Multilevel Study. PLoS ONE 7:2, pages e31082.
Crossref
Jalil Kuhpayeh Zadeh, Helen Dargahi, Jila Shajari, Rafei Ali, Mahsa Narenjiha, Soudabeh Afsharpour & Darioush Mehdivarzi. (2012) Investigation of Clinical Medical Teachers’ Opinion about Validity-Feasibility of Clinical Assessment Tools in Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran. Creative Education 03:06, pages 946-950.
Crossref
Kevin C. Gough. (2011) Enhanced podcasts for teaching biochemistry to veterinary students. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 39:6, pages 421-425.
Crossref
Steven Bottomley & Paul Denny. (2011) A participatory learning approach to biochemistry using student authored and evaluated multiple‐choice questions. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education 39:5, pages 352-361.
Crossref
Claire Gwinnett, John Cassella & Mike Allen. (2011) The trials and tribulations of designing and utilising MCQs in HE and for assessing forensic practitioner competency. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences:7, pages 72-78.
Crossref
S.R. Payne, R.S. Pickard, K.J. O'Flynn & E.P. Winton. (2011) Does the Intercollegiate Specialty Examination in Urology (FRCS Urol) Assess the Breadth of the Urology Syllabus?. British Journal of Medical and Surgical Urology 4:4, pages 139-147.
Crossref
Dianne E Campbell. (2011) How to write good multiple‐choice questions. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 47:6, pages 322-325.
Crossref
A. Yeung, T.C. Booth, K. Jacob, P. McCoubrie & L. McKnight. (2011) The FRCR 2B examination: a survey of candidate perceptions and experiences. Clinical Radiology 66:5, pages 412-419.
Crossref
Maurice Clifton & Elza Mylona. 2011. Extraordinary Learning in the Workplace. Extraordinary Learning in the Workplace 101 128 .
D.Y. Visser, A.L. Bootsma & Th.J. ten Cate. (2011) Kennis, inzicht en toepassing: welke typen toetsvragen passen hierbij?. Tijdschrift voor Medisch Onderwijs 29:6, pages 337-346.
Crossref
S J Duthie & A S Garden. (2011) The teacher, the learner and the method. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 12:4, pages 273-280.
Crossref
Emily L. Senecal, Kim Askew, Barbara Gorney, Michael S. Beeson & David E. Manthey. (2010) Anatomy of a Clerkship Test. Academic Emergency Medicine 17:s2.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant & James Ware. (2010) A comparison of the psychometric properties of three- and four-option multiple-choice questions in nursing assessments. Nurse Education Today 30:6, pages 539-543.
Crossref
Chris Ricketts, Julie Brice & Lee Coombes. (2009) Are multiple choice tests fair to medical students with specific learning disabilities?. Advances in Health Sciences Education 15:2, pages 265-275.
Crossref
K. Augustine, P. McCoubrie, J.R. Wilkinson & L. McKnight. (2010) Workplace-based assessment in radiology—where to now?. Clinical Radiology 65:4, pages 325-332.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant, James Ware & Ahmed M Mohammed. (2009) An assessment of functioning and non-functioning distractors in multiple-choice questions: a descriptive analysis. BMC Medical Education 9:1.
Crossref
Julian L. Burton. (2009) How to write and how to answer EMQs. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 19:12, pages 359-361.
Crossref
Jean Robson. (2009) Web-based learning strategies in combination with published guidelines to change practice of primary care professionals. British Journal of General Practice 59:559, pages 104-109.
Crossref
P. McCoubrie & L. McKnight. (2008) Single best answer MCQs: a new format for the FRCR part 2a exam. Clinical Radiology 63:5, pages 506-510.
Crossref
H.M. Bosse, B. Wittekindt & J. Höffe. (2008) Prüfen in der Kinder- und JugendmedizinPediatrics exams. Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 156:5, pages 467-472.
Crossref
J John, JH Kuiper & CP Kelly. (2008) Learning Assessment at Shoulder Surgical Skills Course. The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 90:2, pages 120-122.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant & James Ware. (2008) Impact of item-writing flaws in multiple-choice questions on student achievement in high-stakes nursing assessments. Medical Education 42:2, pages 198-206.
Crossref
Bernd Löwe, Mechthild Hartmann, Beate Wild, Christoph Nikendei, Kurt Kroenke, Dorothea Niehoff, Peter Henningsen, Stephan Zipfel & Wolfgang Herzog. (2007) Effectiveness of a 1-Year Resident Training Program in Clinical Research: A Controlled Before-and-After Study. Journal of General Internal Medicine 23:2, pages 122-128.
Crossref
JF Crofts, D Ellis, TJ Draycott, C Winter, LP Hunt & VA Akande. (2007) Change in knowledge of midwives and obstetricians following obstetric emergency training: a randomised controlled trial of local hospital, simulation centre and teamwork training. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 114:12, pages 1534-1541.
Crossref
Nick Brown, Christopher Vassilas & Abdul Patel. (2018) Recruitment and selection into specialty training in psychiatry. Psychiatric Bulletin 31:11, pages 401-403.
Crossref
Christopher A. Vassilas, Tarun Kuruvilla, Vinesh Gupta & Maha El-Nadeef. (2018) Preparing trainees for the MRCPsych examinations. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 13:4, pages 239-250.
Crossref
Julian L Burton. (2007) EMQS – how to write and how to answer. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine 17:1, pages 25-27.
Crossref
Gustavo Duque, Adam Finkelstein, Ayanna Roberts, Diana Tabatabai, Susan L Gold & Laura R Winer. (2006) Learning while evaluating: the use of an electronic evaluation portfolio in a geriatric medicine clerkship. BMC Medical Education 6:1.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant, Aimee Knierim, Sasha K. Hayes & James Ware. (2006) The frequency of item writing flaws in multiple-choice questions used in high stakes nursing assessments. Nurse Education in Practice 6:6, pages 354-363.
Crossref
Marie Tarrant, Aimee Knierim, Sasha K. Hayes & James Ware. (2006) The frequency of item writing flaws in multiple-choice questions used in high stakes nursing assessments. Nurse Education Today 26:8, pages 662-671.
Crossref
Suresh Duthie, Paul Hodges, Ian Ramsay & Wendy Reid. (2006) EMQs: a new component of the MRCOG Part 2 exam. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 8:3, pages 181-185.
Crossref
MohammedO Al-Rukban. (2006) Guidelines for the construction of multiple choice questions tests. Journal of Family and Community Medicine 13:3, pages 125.
Crossref
Judith A. DePalma. (2016) Evidence-Based Education: Tips for Clinical and Academic Educators. Home Health Care Management & Practice 18:1, pages 63-65.
Crossref
Fabio Bertoni, Lee A. Smales, Bill Trent & Gerhard Van de Venter. (2018) Do Item Writing Best Practices Improve Multiple Choice Questions for University Students?. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.