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Obstetrics

Third-degree perineal tears: risk factors and outcome after primary repair

Pages 611-614 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (7)

Sandhya Gupta, Brittany Van Der Lugt, Venkat Vangaveti, Mugdha Kulkarni, Ajay Rane & Apeawusu Bediako Amoa. (2019) Evaluation of the ease of use and acceptability of an innovative device – the ‘Episiometer’, in ensuring an accurate mediolateral episiotomy: a pilot study . Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 39:8, pages 1065-1070.
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Ha Yan Kwon & Hyun Soo Park. (2017) Episiotomy and the risk of severe perineal injuries among Korean women. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 30:14, pages 1745-1749.
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Yiska Loewenberg-Weisband, Sorina Grisaru-Granovsky, Alexander Ioscovich, Arnon Samueloff & Ronit Calderon-Margalit. (2014) Epidural analgesia and severe perineal tears: a literature review and large cohort study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 27:18, pages 1864-1869.
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Nir Melamed, Oz Gavish, Michal Eisner, Arnon Wiznitzer, Nir Wasserberg & Yariv Yogev. (2013) Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears – incidence and risk factors. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 26:7, pages 660-664.
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Sari Helena Räisänen, Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen, Mika Gissler & Seppo Heinonen. (2009) Lateral episiotomy protects primiparous but not multiparous women from obstetric anal sphincter rupture. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 88:12, pages 1365-1372.
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O. Eskandar & D. Shet. (2009) Risk factors for 3rd and 4th degree perineal tear. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 29:2, pages 119-122.
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Pauliina Aukee, Helena Sundström & Matti V. Kairaluoma. (2006) The role of mediolateral episiotomy during labour. Analysis of risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter tears. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 85:7, pages 856-860.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Tamar Eshkoli, Yael Baumfeld, Zehava Yohay, Yair Binyamin, Efrat Speigel, Lianne Dym & Adi Y. Weintraub. (2023) Is epidural analgesia an independent risk factor for OASIS? A population-based cohort study. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics.
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Matteo Frigerio, Stefano Manodoro, Davide P. Bernasconi, Debora Verri, Rodolfo Milani & Patrizia Vergani. (2018) Incidence and risk factors of third- and fourth-degree perineal tears in a single Italian scenario. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 221, pages 139-143.
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Jaan Kirss, Tarja Pinta, Camilla Böckelman & Mikael Victorzon. (2016) Factors predicting a failed primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 95:9, pages 1063-1069.
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Eran Ashwal, Avital Wertheimer, Amir Aviram, Hudi Pauzner, Arnon Wiznitzer, Yariv Yogev & Liran Hiersch. (2015) The association between fetal head position prior to vacuum extraction and pregnancy outcome. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 293:3, pages 567-573.
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Allison LaCross, Meredith Groff & Arlene Smaldone. (2015) Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injury and Anal Incontinence Following Vaginal Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 60:1, pages 37-47.
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Larissa Santos Oliveira, Luiz Gustavo Oliveira Brito, Silvana Maria Quintana, Geraldo Duarte & Alessandra Cristina Marcolin. (2014) Perineal trauma after vaginal delivery in healthy pregnant women. Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132:4, pages 231-238.
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G. El-Gazzaz, M. Zutshi, C. Hannaway, B. Gurland & T. Hull. (2012) Overlapping Sphincter Repair. Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 55:3, pages 256-261.
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Angelos Daniilidis, Vasilis Markis, Menelaos Tzafetas, Panagiotis Loufopoulos, Panagiotis Hatzis, Nikolaos Vrachnis & Konstantinos Dinas. (2012) Third degree perineal lacerations-How, why and when? A review analysis. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 02:03, pages 304-310.
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N Burke, S Corcoran, H Ryan, N Barrett & M Geary. (2012) Clinical risk management of obstetric anal sphincter injury. Clinical Risk 18:1, pages 19-22.
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Ruben Trochez, Malcolm Waterfield & Robert M. Freeman. (2011) Hands on or hands off the perineum: a survey of care of the perineum in labour (HOOPS). International Urogynecology Journal 22:10, pages 1279-1285.
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A. Groutz, A. Cohen, R. Gold, J. Hasson, A. Wengier, J. B. Lessing & D. Gordon. (2011) Risk factors for severe perineal injury during childbirth: a case-control study of 60 consecutive cases. Colorectal Disease 13:8, pages e216-e219.
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Asnat Groutz, Joseph Hasson, Anat Wengier, Ronen Gold, Avital Skornick-Rapaport, Joseph B. Lessing & David Gordon. (2011) Third- and fourth-degree perineal tears: prevalence and risk factors in the third millennium. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 204:4, pages 347.e1-347.e4.
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Sari Räisänen, Katri Vehviläinen-Julkunen, Mika Gissler & Seppo Heinonen. (2009) The increased incidence of obstetric anal sphincter rupture — An emerging trend in Finland. Preventive Medicine 49:6, pages 535-540.
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Melissa M. Adams, Greg R. Alexander, Russell S. Kirby & Mary Slay WingateMelisa M. Adams. 2009. Perinatal Epidemiology for Public Health Practice. Perinatal Epidemiology for Public Health Practice 49 101 .
A. M. Kaiser. (2008) Cloaca‐like deformity with faecal incontinence after severe obstetric injury – technique and functional outcome of ano‐vaginal and perineal reconstruction with X‐flaps and sphincteroplasty. Colorectal Disease 10:8, pages 827-832.
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J Nordenstam, A Mellgren, D Altman, A López, C Johansson, B Anzén, Zhong‐ze Li & J Zetterström. (2008) Immediate or delayed repair of obstetric anal sphincter tears—a randomised controlled trial*. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 115:7, pages 857-865.
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Christine D. Hannaway & Tracy L. Hull. (2008) Fecal Incontinence. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 35:2, pages 249-269.
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Thomas L. WheelerIIII & Holly E. Richter. (2008) Delivery Method, Anal Sphincter Tears, and Fecal Incontinence. Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology 28:6, pages 1-6.
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Dan V. Valsky & Simcha Yagel. (2007) Three-Dimensional Transperineal Ultrasonography of the Pelvic Floor. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 26:10, pages 1373-1387.
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Thomas L Wheeler & Holly E Richter. (2007) Delivery method, anal sphincter tears and fecal incontinence: new information on a persistent problem. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 19:5, pages 474-479.
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D. V. Valsky, B. Messing, R. Petkova, S. Savchev, D. Rosenak, D. Hochner‐Celnikier & S. Yagel. (2007) Postpartum evaluation of the anal sphincter by transperineal three‐dimensional ultrasound in primiparous women after vaginal delivery and following surgical repair of third‐degree tears by the overlapping technique. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology 29:2, pages 195-204.
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S. Mark Scott & Peter J. Lunniss. 2007. Fecal Incontinence. Fecal Incontinence 43 66 .
Daniel Altman, Inga Ragnar, Åsa Ekström, Tanja Tydén & Sven-Eric Olsson. (2006) Anal sphincter lacerations and upright delivery postures—a risk analysis from a randomized controlled trial. International Urogynecology Journal 18:2, pages 141-146.
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Ruwan J. Fernando, Abdul H. Sultan, Christine Kettle, Simon Radley, Peter Jones & P M. S. O’Brien. (2006) Repair Techniques for Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries. Obstetrics & Gynecology 107:6, pages 1261-1268.
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Abimbola Williams, Elisabeth J Adams, Douglas G Tincello, Zarko Alfirevic, Stephen A Walkinshaw & David H Richmond. (2006) How to repair an anal sphincter injury after vaginal delivery: results of a randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 113:2, pages 201-207.
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S. Yagel & D. V. Valsky. (2006) Three-dimensional transperineal ultrasonography for evaluation of the anal sphincter complex: another dimension in understanding peripartum sphincter trauma. Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 27:2, pages 119-123.
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Myra Fitzpatrick & Colm O'Herlihy. (2005) Short-term and long-term effects of obstetric anal sphincter injury and their management. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 17:6, pages 605-610.
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Maaike P. Terra, Regina G. H. Beets-Tan, Victor P. M. van Der Hulst, Marcel G. W. Dijkgraaf, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Annette C. Dobben, Cor G. M. I. Baeten & Jaap Stoker. (2005) Anal Sphincter Defects in Patients with Fecal Incontinence: Endoanal versus External Phased-Array MR Imaging. Radiology 236:3, pages 886-895.
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Abimbola Williams, Douglas G. Tincello, Sarah White, Elisabeth J. Adams, Zarko Alfirevic & David H. Richmond. (2005) Risk scoring system for prediction of obstetric anal sphincter injury. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112:8, pages 1066-1069.
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Vasanth Andrews, Ranee Thakar, Abdul H. Sultan & Peter W. Jones. (2005) Are mediolateral episiotomies actually mediolateral?. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 112:8, pages 1156-1158.
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Bernard Blanc & Laurent SiproudhisL. Siproudhis & M. El Abkari. 2005. Pelvi-périnéologie. Pelvi-périnéologie 139 141 .

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