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Original Articles

The effect of l-citrulline and watermelon juice supplementation on anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance

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Pages 1459-1466 | Accepted 18 Nov 2014, Published online: 17 Dec 2014

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (12)

Callum S. Harnden, JOSEPH Agu & TOM Gascoyne. (2023) Effects of citrulline on endurance performance in young healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20:1.
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Hannah E. Cabre, Casey E. Greenwalt, Lacey M. Gould & Abbie E. Smith-Ryan. (2023) The effects of L-Citrulline and Glutathione on Endurance performance in young adult trained males. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 20:1.
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Benjamin Divito, Mackenzie McLaughlin & Ira Jacobs. (2022) The Effects of L-Citrulline on Blood-Lactate Removal Kinetics Following Maximal-Effort Exercise. Journal of Dietary Supplements 19:6, pages 704-716.
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Joshua L. Gills, Jordan M. Glenn, Michelle Gray, Braden Romer & Hocheng Lu. (2021) Acute citrulline-malate supplementation is ineffective during aerobic cycling and subsequent anaerobic performance in recreationally active males. European Journal of Sport Science 21:1, pages 77-83.
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Andrew J. Chappell, Daniel M. Allwood & Trevor N. Simper. (2020) Citrulline Malate Fails to Improve German Volume Training Performance in Healthy Young Men and Women. Journal of Dietary Supplements 17:3, pages 249-260.
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Jeffrey M. Rogers, Joshua Gills & Michelle Gray. (2020) Acute effects of Nitrosigine® and citrulline malate on vasodilation in young adults. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 17:1.
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Andrew J. Chappell, Daniel M. Allwood, Rebecca Johns, Samantha Brown, Kiran Sultana, Annie Anand & Trevor Simper. (2018) Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 15:1.
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Chad M. Kerksick, Colin D. Wilborn, Michael D. Roberts, Abbie Smith-Ryan, Susan M. Kleiner, Ralf Jäger, Rick Collins, Mathew Cooke, Jaci N. Davis, Elfego Galvan, Mike Greenwood, Lonnie M. Lowery, Robert Wildman, Jose Antonio & Richard B. Kreider. (2018) ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 15:1.
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Khouloud Aloui, Salma Abedelmalek, Nesrin Boussetta, Intissar Shimi, Hamdi Chtourou & Nizar Souissi. (2017) Opuntia ficus-indica juice supplementation: what role it plays on diurnal variation of short-term maximal exercise?. Biological Rhythm Research 48:2, pages 315-330.
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Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Domingo J. Ramos-Campo, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias, Fernando Alacid & Encarna Aguayo. (2017) Biochemical, physiological, and performance response of a functional watermelon juice enriched in L-citrulline during a half-marathon race. Food & Nutrition Research 61:1.
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Jordan M. Glenn, Michelle Gray, Austen Jensen, Matthew S. Stone & Jennifer L. Vincenzo. (2016) Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players. European Journal of Sport Science 16:8, pages 1095-1103.
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Takashi Suzuki, Masahiko Morita, Yoshinori Kobayashi & Ayako Kamimura. (2016) Oral L-citrulline supplementation enhances cycling time trial performance in healthy trained men: Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled 2-way crossover study. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 13:1.
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Articles from other publishers (52)

Elmira Karimi, Faezeh Abaj, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Omid Asbaghi, Mohammad Reza Amini, Ehsan Ghaedi & Amir Hadi. (2023) Watermelon consumption decreases risk factors of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 202, pages 110801.
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Jerry Mayo, Brian C. Lyons, W. Steven Tucker & Benjamin Wax. (2023) Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation Does Not Improve Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Young Adults: A Pilot Study. Journal of Exercise and Nutrition 6:1.
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Adam M. Gonzalez, Yang Yang, Gerald T. Mangine, Anthony G. Pinzone, Jamie J. Ghigiarelli & Katie M. Sell. (2023) Acute Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Resistance Exercise Performance and Muscle Oxygenation in Recreationally Resistance Trained Men and Women. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8:3, pages 88.
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Hun-Young Park, Sung-Woo Kim, Jisoo Seo, Yanghoon P. Jung, Hyunji Kim, Ah-Jin Kim, Sonwoo Kim & Kiwon Lim. (2023) Dietary Arginine and Citrulline Supplements for Cardiovascular Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 15:5, pages 1268.
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Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Anthony G. Pinzone & Jay R. Hoffman. (2023) Supplementation with Nitric Oxide Precursors for Strength Performance: A Review of the Current Literature. Nutrients 15:3, pages 660.
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Nevruz CİN & Seda ÇİFTÇİ. (2022) The effects of fresh foods on performance: A review. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology 8:4, pages 132-141.
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Ellen T. H. C. Smeets, Ronald P. Mensink & Peter J. Joris. (2021) Effects of l -citrulline supplementation and watermelon consumption on longer-term and postprandial vascular function and cardiometabolic risk markers: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in adults . British Journal of Nutrition 128:9, pages 1758-1770.
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Aitor Viribay, Julen Fernández-Landa, Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro, Pilar S. Collado, Diego Fernández-Lázaro & Juan Mielgo-Ayuso. (2022) Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Different Aerobic Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 14:17, pages 3479.
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Siphamandla Nyawose, Rowena Naidoo, Nenad Naumovski & Andrew J. McKune. (2022) The Effects of Consuming Amino Acids L-Arginine, L-Citrulline (and Their Combination) as a Beverage or Powder, on Athletic and Physical Performance: A Systematic Review. Beverages 8:3, pages 48.
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Mônica Volino-Souza, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior, Arturo Figueroa & Thiago Silveira Alvares. (2022) Current Evidence of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Ingestion on Vascular Health: A Food Science and Technology Perspective. Nutrients 14:14, pages 2913.
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Adam M. Gonzalez, Anthony G. Pinzone, Shaina E. Lipes, Gerald T. Mangine, Jeremy R. Townsend, Timothy D. Allerton, Katie M. Sell & Jamie J. Ghigiarelli. (2022) Effect of watermelon supplementation on exercise performance, muscle oxygenation, and vessel diameter in resistance-trained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology 122:7, pages 1627-1638.
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Jason Curtis, Cassandra Evans, Veronica Mekhail, Paulina Czartoryski, Juan Carlos Santana & Jose Antonio. (2022) The Effects of a Pre-workout Supplement on Measures of Alertness, Mood, and Lower-Extremity Power. Cureus.
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Ozcan Esen, Mustafa Can Eser, Mekki Abdioglu, Daniela Benesova, Tomasz Gabrys & Raci Karayigit. (2022) Eight Days of L-Citrulline or L-Arginine Supplementation Did Not Improve 200-m and 100-m Swimming Time Trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:8, pages 4462.
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Mônica Volino-Souza, Gustavo Vieira Oliveira, Rafael Vargas, Anna Carolina Tavares, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior & Thiago da Silveira Alvares. (2022) Effect of microencapsulated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) intake on plasma amino acids and glycemic response in healthy adults. Food Bioscience 46, pages 101553.
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Noah M. A. d’Unienville, Henry T. Blake, Alison M. Coates, Alison M. Hill, Maximillian J. Nelson & Jonathan D. Buckley. (2021) Effect of food sources of nitrate, polyphenols, L-arginine and L-citrulline on endurance exercise performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 18:1.
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Alberto Caballero-García, Jorge Pascual-Fernández, David César Noriega-González, Hugo J. Bello, Antoni Pons-Biescas, Enrique Roche & Alfredo Córdova-Martínez. (2021) L-Citrulline Supplementation and Exercise in the Management of Sarcopenia. Nutrients 13:9, pages 3133.
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Stefano Maric, Tanja Restin, Julian Muff, Simone Camargo, Laura Guglielmetti, Stefan Holland-Cunz, Pascal Crenn & Raphael Vuille-dit-Bille. (2021) Citrulline, Biomarker of Enterocyte Functional Mass and Dietary Supplement. Metabolism, Transport, and Current Evidence for Clinical Use. Nutrients 13:8, pages 2794.
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Fredrik Tonstad Vårvik, Thomas Bjørnsen & Adam M. Gonzalez. (2021) Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 31:4, pages 350-358.
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Encarna Aguayo, Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato & Fernando Alacid. (2021) L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health. Applied Sciences 11:7, pages 3293.
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Arturo Figueroa, Salvador J. Jaime, Masahiko Morita, Joaquin U. Gonzales & Christophe Moinard. (2020) l-Citrulline Supports Vascular and Muscular Benefits of Exercise Training in Older Adults. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 48:3, pages 133-139.
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Jahidur Rashid, Shaun S. Kumar, Kathleen M. Job, Xiaoxi Liu, Candice D. Fike & Catherine M. T. Sherwin. (2020) Therapeutic Potential of Citrulline as an Arginine Supplement: A Clinical Pharmacology Review. Pediatric Drugs 22:3, pages 279-293.
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Adam M. Gonzalez & Eric T. Trexler. (2020) Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Exercise Performance in Humans: A Review of the Current Literature. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34:5, pages 1480-1495.
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Sean T. Stanelle, Kelsey L. McLaughlin & Stephen F. Crouse. (2020) One Week of L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Performance in Trained Cyclists. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34:3, pages 647-652.
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Hollie Speer, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Michael J. Davies, Andrew J. McKune & Nenad Naumovski. (2020) The Physiological Effects of Amino Acids Arginine and Citrulline: Is There a Basis for Development of a Beverage to Promote Endurance Performance? A Narrative Review of Orally Administered Supplements. Beverages 6:1, pages 11.
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Amina Eshreif, Rami Al Batran, K. Lockhart Jamieson, Ahmed M. Darwesh, Keshav Gopal, Amanda A. Greenwell, Igor Zlobine, Hanin Aburasayn, Farah Eaton, Erin E. Mulvihill, Jonathan E. Campbell, John M. Seubert & John R. Ussher. (2020) l ‐Citrulline supplementation improves glucose and exercise tolerance in obese male mice . Experimental Physiology 105:2, pages 270-281.
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Sawsan G. Mohammed & M. Walid Qoronfleh. 2020. Personalized Food Intervention and Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder Management. Personalized Food Intervention and Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorder Management 279 376 .
Pedro L. Valenzuela, Javier S. Morales, Enzo Emanuele, Helios Pareja-Galeano & Alejandro Lucia. (2019) Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength. European Journal of Nutrition 58:8, pages 2983-3008.
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Eric T. TrexlerDale S. KeithTodd A. Schwartz, Eric D. RyanLee StonerAdam M. Persky & Abbie E. Smith-Ryan. (2019) Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Performance During Maximum Effort Leg Extension Exercise. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33:9, pages 2321-2329.
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Tyler M. Farney, Matthew V. Bliss, Christopher M. Hearon & Dassy A. Salazar. (2019) The Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Fatigue Among Healthy Participants. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33:9, pages 2464-2470.
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Naoko Terasawa & Kenta Nakada. (2019) Effect of L-citrulline intake on intermittent short-time high-intensity exercise performance in male collegiate track athletes. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 8:4, pages 147-157.
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Mochammad Rizal, Calista Segalita & Trias Mahmudiono. (2019) The Effect of Watermelon Beverage Ingestion on Fatigue Index in Young-Male, Recreational Football Players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine 10:2.
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Eric T. Trexler, Adam M. Persky, Eric D. Ryan, Todd A. Schwartz, Lee Stoner & Abbie E. Smith-Ryan. (2019) Acute Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on High-Intensity Strength and Power Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine 49:5, pages 707-718.
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Izumi Suzuki, Keishoku Sakuraba, Takumi Horiike, Takafumi Kishi, Junya Yabe, Takashi Suzuki, Masahiko Morita, Akihito Nishimura & Yoshio Suzuki. (2019) A combination of oral l-citrulline and l-arginine improved 10-min full-power cycling test performance in male collegiate soccer players: a randomized crossover trial. European Journal of Applied Physiology 119:5, pages 1075-1084.
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Jordan Hartman, Todd Wehner, Guoying Ma & Penelope Perkins-Veazie. (2019) Citrulline and Arginine Content of Taxa of Cucurbitaceae. Horticulturae 5:1, pages 22.
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Álvaro Huerta Ojeda, Andreina Domínguez de Hanna & Guillermo Barahona-Fuentes. (2019) The effect of supplementation with L-arginine and L-citrulline on physical performance: a systematic review. Nutrición Hospitalaria.
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Adam M. Gonzalez, Robert W. Spitz, Jamie J. Ghigiarelli, Katie M. Sell & Gerald T. Mangine. (2018) Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32:11, pages 3088-3094.
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Myra O. Villareal, Toshiya Matsukawa & Hiroko Isoda. (2018) l ‐Citrulline Supplementation‐Increased Skeletal Muscle PGC‐1α Expression Is Associated with Exercise Performance and Increased Skeletal Muscle Weight . Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 62:14.
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Douglas da Silva, Jeferson Jacinto, Walquiria de Andrade, Mirela Roveratti, José Estoche, Mario Balvedi, Douglas de Oliveira, Rubens da Silva & Andreo Aguiar. (2017) Citrulline Malate Does Not Improve Muscle Recovery after Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adult Men. Nutrients 9:10, pages 1132.
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Ascensión Martínez-Sánchez, Fernando Alacid, Jacobo A. Rubio-Arias, Bárbara Fernández-Lobato, Domingo J. Ramos-Campo & Encarna Aguayo. (2017) Consumption of Watermelon Juice Enriched in l -Citrulline and Pomegranate Ellagitannins Enhanced Metabolism during Physical Exercise . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 65:22, pages 4395-4404.
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Arturo Figueroa, Alexei Wong, Salvador J. Jaime & Joaquin U. Gonzales. (2017) Influence of L-citrulline and watermelon supplementation on vascular function and exercise performance. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care 20:1, pages 92-98.
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