Citations (72)
Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.
Read on this site (22)
Christopher R. McCurdy, Abhisheak Sharma, Kirsten E. Smith, Charles A. Veltri, Stephanie T. Weiss, Charles M. White & Oliver Grundmann. (2024) An update on the clinical pharmacology of kratom: uses, abuse potential, and future considerations. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology 17:2, pages 131-142.
Read now
Read now
Karniza Khalid, Salwana Ku Md Saad, Shahrul Aiman Soelar, Zulsafari Mohamed Yusof & Othman Warijo. (2023) Exploring adolescents’ practice and perspective on the use and misuse of kratom in northwest Malaysia. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 22:1, pages 121-132.
Read now
Read now
Kirsten E. Smith, Kelly E. Dunn, David H. Epstein, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Oliver Grundmann, Jack E. Henningfield, Christopher R. McCurdy, Jeffrey M. Rogers, Destiny Schriefer, Darshan Singh & Stephanie T. Weiss. (2022) Need for clarity and context in case reports on kratom use, assessment, and intervention. Substance Abuse 43:1, pages 1221-1224.
Read now
Read now
Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey M. Rogers & Justin C. Strickland. (2022) Associations of Lifetime Nonmedical Opioid, Methamphetamine, and Kratom Use within a Nationally Representative US Sample. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 54:5, pages 429-439.
Read now
Read now
Rana Khudhair Jasim, Zurina Hassan, Darshan Singh, Edward Boyer & Lay-Harn Gam. (2022) Characterization of urinary protein profile in regular kratom (Mitragyna speciosa korth.) users in Malaysia. Journal of Addictive Diseases 40:2, pages 235-246.
Read now
Read now
Gregory Domnic, Suresh Narayanan, Nethia Mohana-Kumaran & Darshan Singh. (2022) Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) an overlooked medicinal plant in Malaysia. Journal of Substance Use 27:1, pages 1-6.
Read now
Read now
Destin Groff, Heather Stuckey, Carolyn Philpott, Erika Van Dyke, Matthew Silvis, Shou Ling Leong & Curtis Bone. (2022) Kratom use disorder: a primer for primary care physicians. Journal of Addictive Diseases 40:1, pages 131-141.
Read now
Read now
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, Novline Yuvashnee & Darshan Singh. (2021) Effect of regular kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use on quality of life of people who use kratom. Substance Abuse 42:4, pages 444-449.
Read now
Read now
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah, Kok Leng Tan, Suresh Narayanan, Novline Yuvashnee, Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear, Darshan Singh, Oliver Grundmann & Jack E. Henningfield. (2021) Is kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) use associated with ECG abnormalities? Electrocardiogram comparisons between regular kratom users and controls. Clinical Toxicology 59:5, pages 400-408.
Read now
Read now
Adina Bowe & Patrick L. Kerr. (2020) A Complex Case of Kratom Dependence, Depression, and Chronic Pain in Opioid Use Disorder: Effects of Buprenorphine in Clinical Management. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 52:5, pages 447-452.
Read now
Read now
Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, Shariffah Suraya, Azlin Saref, Oliver Grundmann, Walter C. Prozialeck, Ornella Corazza, Marc T. Swogger, O. Griffin & Vicknasingam Balasingam. (2020) Public Perceptions toward Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa) Use in Malaysia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 52:3, pages 282-288.
Read now
Read now
Azlin Saref, Sharifah Suraya, Darshan Singh, Oliver Grundmann, Suresh Narayanan, Marc T. Swogger, Walter C. Prozialeck, Edward Boyer & Vicknasingam Balasingam. (2020) Self-Report Data on Regular Consumption of Illicit Drugs and HIV Risk Behaviors after Kratom (Mitragyna Speciosa korth.) Initiation among Illicit Drug Users in Malaysia. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 52:2, pages 138-144.
Read now
Read now
Charles Veltri & Oliver Grundmann. (2019) Current perspectives on the impact of Kratom use. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation 10, pages 23-31.
Read now
Read now
Kirsten E. Smith, Amanda M. Bunting, Robert Walker, Martin T. Hall, Oliver Grundmann & Olivia Castillo. (2019) Non-Prescribed Buprenorphine Use Mediates the Relationship between Heroin Use and Kratom Use among a Sample of Polysubstance Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:4, pages 311-322.
Read now
Read now
Darshan Singh, Thenmoly Damodaran, Walter C. Prozialeck, Oliver Grundmann, Thiruventhan Karunakaran & B. Vicknasingam. (2019) Constipation prevalence and fatigue severity in regular kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) users. Journal of Substance Use 24:3, pages 233-239.
Read now
Read now
Cornel N. Stanciu, Samantha A. Gnanasegaram, Saeed Ahmed & Thomas Penders. (2019) Kratom Withdrawal: A Systematic Review with Case Series. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:1, pages 12-18.
Read now
Read now
Darshan Singh$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Suresh Narayanan$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Christian P. Müller$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Balasingam Vicknasingam$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Murat Yücel$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Eric Tatt Wei Ho$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Zurina Hassan$suffix/text()$suffix/text() & Sharif Mahsufi Mansor$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2019) Long-Term Cognitive Effects of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Use. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 51:1, pages 19-27.
Read now
Read now
Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, Christian P. Müller, Marc, T. Swogger, Azlan Abdul Rahim, Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah & Balasingam K. Vicknasingam. (2018) Severity of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Psychological Withdrawal Symptoms. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 50:5, pages 445-450.
Read now
Read now
Surinporn Likhitsathian, Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Apinun Aramrattana, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Manit Srisurapanont, Kanitta Thaikla, Sawitri Assanangkornchai, Manop Kanato, Usaneya Perngparn & Ratana Jarubenja. (2018) Polydrug use among kratom users: Findings from the 2011 Thailand National Household Survey. Journal of Substance Use 23:4, pages 384-389.
Read now
Read now
Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, Balasingam K. Vicknasingam, Walter C. Prozialeck, Surash Ramanathan, Hadzliana Zainal & Sabariah Noor Harun. (2018) Severity of Pain and Sleep Problems during Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) Cessation among Regular Kratom Users. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 50:3, pages 266-274.
Read now
Read now
Nutsara Chongrattanakon, Bang-on Thepthien & Seo Ah Hong. (2018) Prevalence and psycho-social determinants of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) juice cocktail consumption among youth in Surat Thani Province, Thailand. Journal of Substance Use 23:2, pages 144-153.
Read now
Read now
Marc T. Swogger, Elaine Hart, Fire Erowid, Earth Erowid, Nicole Trabold, Kaila Yee, Kimberly A. Parkhurst, Brittany M. Priddy & Zach Walsh. (2015) Experiences of Kratom Users: A Qualitative Analysis. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47:5, pages 360-367.
Read now
Read now
Articles from other publishers (50)
Suleiman Yunusa, Christian P. Müller & Zurina Hassan. (2024) Mitragynine (Kratom)—Withdrawal behaviour and cognitive impairments can be ameliorated by an epigenetic mechanism. British Journal of Pharmacology.
Crossref
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Leigh V. Panlilio, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Oliver Grundmann, Kelly E. Dunn, Christopher R. McCurdy, Albert Garcia-Romeu & David H. Epstein. (2024) Ecological Momentary Assessment of Self-Reported Kratom Use, Effects, and Motivations Among US Adults. JAMA Network Open 7:1, pages e2353401.
Crossref
Crossref
Maximilian Gahr. (2022) Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): eine psychoaktive Pflanze mit Chancen
und Risiken. Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie 91:11, pages 455-465.
Crossref
Crossref
Bin Yang, Shanyong Yi, Ruiling Zhang & Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah. (2023) Adverse Psychological and Therapeutic Effects of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: A Systematic Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 19:5, pages 218-236.
Crossref
Crossref
Rakshit S. Tanna, Nadja B. Cech, Nicholas H. Oberlies, Allan E. Rettie, Kenneth E. Thummel & Mary F. Paine. (2023) Translating Kratom-Drug Interactions: From Bedside to Bench and Back. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 51:8, pages 923-935.
Crossref
Crossref
Elisabeth Prevete, Kim Paula Colette Kuypers, Eef Lien Theunissen, Gianluca Esposito, Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers, Massimo Pasquini & Ornella Corazza. (2023) Clinical Implications of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use: a Literature Review. Current Addiction Reports 10:2, pages 317-334.
Crossref
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey D. Feldman, Kelly E. Dunn, Christopher R. McCurdy, Stephanie T. Weiss, Oliver Grundmann, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Janeen Nichels & David H. Epstein. (2023) Examining the paradoxical effects of kratom: a narrative inquiry. Frontiers in Pharmacology 14.
Crossref
Crossref
Mohd Asif, Farrukh Aqil, Fatmah Ali Alasmary, Amani salem almalki, Abdul Rahman Khan & Malik Nasibullah. (2023) Lewis base-catalyzed synthesis of highly functionalized spirooxindole-pyranopyrazoles and their in vitro anticancer studies. Medicinal Chemistry Research 32:5, pages 1001-1015.
Crossref
Crossref
Mohd Asif, Tazeen Azaz, Bhoopendra Tiwari & Malik Nasibullah. (2023) Propagative isatin in organic synthesis of spirooxindoles through catalysis. Tetrahedron 134, pages 133308.
Crossref
Crossref
Samantha Ferreira da Costa Moreira, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, Helton Saulo Bezerra dos Santos, Karina Diniz Oliveira, Kleverson Gomes de Miranda, Rafaela Maria Alves Martins Fonseca & Andrea Donatti Gallassi. (2023) Substance use disorders and social functioning from an occupational perspective: a pre and post-study. Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional 31.
Crossref
Crossref
David A. Gorelick. (2022) Kratom: Substance of Abuse or Therapeutic Plant?. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 45:3, pages 415-430.
Crossref
Crossref
Marc T. Swogger, Kirsten E. Smith, Albert Garcia-Romeu, Oliver Grundmann, Charles A. Veltri, Jack E. Henningfield & Lorna Y. Busch. (2022) Understanding Kratom Use: A Guide for Healthcare Providers. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13.
Crossref
Crossref
Inna Larsen, Emily Zhang & Pantea Farahmand. (2022) Current Understanding of the Effects and Potential Clinical Utility of Kratom: A Review. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 28:2, pages 92-97.
Crossref
Crossref
Islamudin Ahmad, Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo, Muhammad Arifuddin, Jaka Fadraersada, Niken Indriyanti, Herman Herman, Reza Yuridian Purwoko, Firzan Nainu, Anton Rahmadi, Swandari Paramita, Hadi Kuncoro, Nur Mita, Angga Cipta Narsa, Fajar Prasetya, Arsyik Ibrahim, Laode Rijai, Gemini Alam, Abdul Mun’im & Sukanya Dej-adisai. (2022) Mitragyna Species as Pharmacological Agents: From Abuse to Promising Pharmaceutical Products. Life 12:2, pages 193.
Crossref
Crossref
Nurul H.M. Yusoff, Zurina Hassan, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah & Christian P. Müller. (2022) The effect of mitragynine on extracellular activity of brain dopamine and its metabolites. Brain Research Bulletin 178, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Crossref
Sarah Kerrigan & Stephanie Basiliere. (2021) Kratom: A systematic review of toxicological issues. WIREs Forensic Science 4:1.
Crossref
Crossref
Elisabeth Prevete, Kim Paula Colette Kuypers, Eef Lien Theunissen, Ornella Corazza, Giuseppe Bersani & Johannes Gerardus Ramaekers. (2021) A systematic review of (pre)clinical studies on the therapeutic potential and safety profile of kratom in humans. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 37:1.
Crossref
Crossref
Illa S. Johari, Norsyifa Harun, Zarif M. Sofian & Mohammed Shoaib. (2021) Pentylenetetrazol-like stimulus is not produced following naloxone-precipitated mitragynine withdrawal in rats. Psychopharmacology 238:11, pages 3183-3191.
Crossref
Crossref
Kirsten E. Smith, Jeffrey M. Rogers, Destiny Schriefer & Oliver Grundmann. (2021) Therapeutic benefit with caveats?: Analyzing social media data to understand the complexities of kratom use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 226, pages 108879.
Crossref
Crossref
Sanihah Abdul Halim, Jen Hou Low, Yong Chuan Chee & Muhamad Ridzuan Alias. (2021) Seizures among young adults consuming kratom beverages in Malaysia: A case series. Epilepsy & Behavior 121, pages 108057.
Crossref
Crossref
Elisabeth Müller, Thomas Hillemacher & Christian P. Müller. (2021) Kratom use for depression/anxiety self-management: challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic – A case report. Heliyon 7:5, pages e07039.
Crossref
Crossref
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah, Mohd Afifuddin Mohamad & Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman. (2019) The Right to Use Kratom from the Psychiatric and Islamic Perspectives. Journal of Religion and Health 60:2, pages 841-853.
Crossref
Crossref
Joana Gonçalves, Ângelo Luís, Eugenia Gallardo & Ana Paula Duarte. (2021) Psychoactive Substances of Natural Origin: Toxicological Aspects, Therapeutic Properties and Analysis in Biological Samples. Molecules 26:5, pages 1397.
Crossref
Crossref
Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Bin Abdullah. (2020) Kratom Dependence and Treatment Options: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Current Drug Targets 21:15, pages 1566-1579.
Crossref
Crossref
Elizabeth A. Maxwell, Tamara I. King, Shyam H. Kamble, Kanumuri Siva Rama Raju, Erin C. Berthold, Francisco León, Bonnie A. Avery, Lance R. McMahon, Christopher R. McCurdy & Abhisheak Sharma. (2020) Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Mitragynine in Beagle Dogs. Planta Medica 86:17, pages 1278-1285.
Crossref
Crossref
Pietro Brunetti, Alfredo Fabrizio Lo Faro, Anastasio Tini, Francesco Paolo Busardò & Jeremy Carlier. (2020) Pharmacology of Herbal Sexual Enhancers: A Review of Psychiatric and Neurological Adverse Effects. Pharmaceuticals 13:10, pages 309.
Crossref
Crossref
Surash Ramanathan & Christopher R. McCurdy. (2020) Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): worldwide issues. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 33:4, pages 312-318.
Crossref
Crossref
Elisabeth Müller, Thomas Hillemacher & Christian P. Müller. (2020) Kratom instrumentalization for severe pain self-treatment resulting in addiction – A case report of acute and chronic subjective effects. Heliyon 6:7, pages e04507.
Crossref
Crossref
Rahimah Hassan, Cheah Pike See, Sasidharan Sreenivasan, Sharif M. Mansor, Christian P. Müller & Zurina Hassan. (2020) Mitragynine Attenuates Morphine Withdrawal Effects in Rats—A Comparison With Methadone and Buprenorphine. Frontiers in Psychiatry 11.
Crossref
Crossref
Rhiannon Bath, Tanner Bucholz, Amy F. Buros, Darshan Singh, Kirsten E. Smith, Charles A. Veltri & Oliver Grundmann. (2020) Self-reported Health Diagnoses and Demographic Correlates With Kratom Use: Results From an Online Survey. Journal of Addiction Medicine 14:3, pages 244-252.
Crossref
Crossref
Rebecca S. Williams & Dmitriy Nikitin. (2020) The internet market for Kratom, an opioid alternative and variably legal recreational drug. International Journal of Drug Policy 78, pages 102715.
Crossref
Crossref
Darshan Singh, Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear, Suresh Narayanan, Francisco Leon, Abhisheak Sharma, Christopher R. McCurdy, Bonnie A. Avery & Vicknasingam Balasingam. (2020) Patterns and reasons for kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use among current and former opioid poly-drug users. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 249, pages 112462.
Crossref
Crossref
Emad Alsarraf, Jamie Myers, Sarah Culbreth & John Fanikos. (2019) Kratom from Head to Toe—Case Reviews of Adverse Events and Toxicities. Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports 7:4, pages 141-168.
Crossref
Crossref
John M Corkery, Peter Streete, Hugh Claridge, Christine Goodair, Duccio Papanti, Laura Orsolini, Fabrizio Schifano, Kanav Sikka, Sophie Körber & Amy Hendricks. (2019) Characteristics of deaths associated with kratom use. Journal of Psychopharmacology 33:9, pages 1102-1123.
Crossref
Crossref
Walter C. Prozialeck, Bonnie A. Avery, Edward W. Boyer, Oliver Grundmann, Jack E. Henningfield, Andrew C. Kruegel, Lance R. McMahon, Christopher R. McCurdy, Marc T. Swogger, Charles A. Veltri & Darshan Singh. (2019) Kratom policy: The challenge of balancing therapeutic potential with public safety. International Journal of Drug Policy 70, pages 70-77.
Crossref
Crossref
Azlin Saref, Sharifah Suraya, Darshan Singh, Oliver Grundmann, Suresh Narayanan, Marc T. Swogger, Walter C. Prozialeck, Edward Boyer, Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear & Vicknasingam Balasingam. (2019) Self-reported prevalence and severity of opioid and kratom (Mitragyna speciosa korth.) side effects. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 238, pages 111876.
Crossref
Crossref
Darshan Singh, Mohammad F.I.L. Abdullah, Balasingam K. Vicknasingam & Christian P. Müller. (2019) Substance Use Disorder Related to Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use in Malaysia. Current Psychopharmacology 8:1, pages 64-71.
Crossref
Crossref
Vânia Meireles, Tiago Rosado, Mário Barroso, Sofia Soares, Joana Gonçalves, Ângelo Luís, Débora Caramelo, Ana Simão, Nicolás Fernández, Ana Duarte & Eugenia Gallardo. (2019) Mitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samples. Medicines 6:1, pages 35.
Crossref
Crossref
Ismaliza Ismail, Suzaily Wahab, Hatta Sidi, Srijit Das, Loo Jiann Lin & Rosdinom Razali. (2018) Kratom and Future Treatment for the Opioid Addiction and Chronic Pain: Periculo Beneficium?. Current Drug Targets 20:2, pages 166-172.
Crossref
Crossref
Andrew C. Kruegel & Oliver Grundmann. (2018) The medicinal chemistry and neuropharmacology of kratom: A preliminary discussion of a promising medicinal plant and analysis of its potential for abuse. Neuropharmacology 134, pages 108-120.
Crossref
Crossref
C. Michael White. (2018) Pharmacologic and clinical assessment of kratom. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 75:5, pages 261-267.
Crossref
Crossref
Darshan Singh, Christian P. Müller, Vikneswaran Murugaiyah, Shahrul Bariyah Sahul Hamid, Balasingam K. Vicknasingam, Bonnie Avery, Nelson Jeng Yeou Chear & Sharif Mahsufi Mansor. (2018) Evaluating the hematological and clinical-chemistry parameters of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) users in Malaysia. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 214, pages 197-206.
Crossref
Crossref
Marc T. Swogger & Zach Walsh. (2018) Kratom use and mental health: A systematic review. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 183, pages 134-140.
Crossref
Crossref
Kirk L. Cumpston, Michael Carter & Brandon K. Wills. (2018) Clinical outcomes after Kratom exposures: A poison center case series. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 36:1, pages 166-168.
Crossref
Crossref
Kirsten Elin Smith & Thomas Lawson. (2017) Prevalence and motivations for kratom use in a sample of substance users enrolled in a residential treatment program. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 180, pages 340-348.
Crossref
Crossref
Zurina Hassan, Oliver G. Bosch, Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, B. Vicknasingam Kasinather, Erich Seifritz, Johannes Kornhuber, Boris B. Quednow & Christian P. Müller. (2017) Novel Psychoactive Substances—Recent Progress on Neuropharmacological Mechanisms of Action for Selected Drugs. Frontiers in Psychiatry 8.
Crossref
Crossref
Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan, Balasingam Vicknasingam, Ornella Corazza, Rita Santacroce & Andres Roman‐Urrestarazu. (2017)
Changing trends in the use of kratom (
Mitragyna speciosa
) in Southeast Asia
. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental 32:3.
Crossref
Crossref
Walter C. Prozialeck. (2016) Update on the Pharmacology and Legal Status of Kratom. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 116:12, pages 802-809.
Crossref
Crossref
Darshan Singh, Suresh Narayanan & Balasingam Vicknasingam. (2016) Traditional and non-traditional uses of Mitragynine (Kratom): A survey of the literature. Brain Research Bulletin 126, pages 41-46.
Crossref
Crossref
Eduardo Cinosi, Giovanni Martinotti, Pierluigi Simonato, Darshan Singh, Zsolt Demetrovics, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Francesco Saverio Bersani, Balasingam Vicknasingam, Giulia Piazzon, Jih-Heng Li, Wen-Jing Yu, Máté Kapitány-Fövény, Judit Farkas, Massimo Di Giannantonio & Ornella Corazza. (2015)
Following “the Roots” of Kratom (
Mitragyna speciosa
): The Evolution of an Enhancer from a Traditional Use to Increase Work and Productivity in Southeast Asia to a Recreational Psychoactive Drug in Western Countries
. BioMed Research International 2015, pages 1-11.
Crossref
Crossref