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Acta Oncologica Volume 48, 2009 - Issue 3
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Original Article

Final results of a randomised phase III study on adjuvant chemotherapy with 5 FU and levamisol in colon and rectum cancer stage II and III by the Norwegian Gastrointestinal Cancer Group

Olav Dahl Section for Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, NorwayCorrespondence[email protected]
,
Øystein Fluge Section for Oncology, Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway and Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
,
Erik Carlsen Department of Surgery, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
,
Johan N. Wiig Department of Surgery Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Trust, Oslo, Norway
,
Helge E. Myrvold Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and IKM, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
,
Barthold Vonen Department of Surgery, University of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
,
Nina Podhorny Department of Surgery, new address Department of Surgery, Kongsberg HospitalTelemark Hospital, Porsgrunn, Norway
,
Ottar Bjerkeset Department of Pathology, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Trust, Oslo, Norway
,
Tor Jack Eide Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
,
Tore B. Halvorsen Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
,
Kjell Magne Tveit The Cancer Centre, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
& for Norwegian Gastrointestinal Cancer Group show all
Pages 368-376 | Received 23 Apr 2008, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Luka Stanisavljević, Mette P. Myklebust, Sabine Leh & Olav Dahl. (2016) LGR5 and CD133 as prognostic and predictive markers for fluoropyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Acta Oncologica 55:12, pages 1425-1433.
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Kjersti Elvestad Hestetun, Marianne Brydøy, Mette Pernille Myklebust & Olav Dahl. (2015) Nuclear maspin expression as a predictive marker for fluorouracil treatment response in colon cancer. Acta Oncologica 54:4, pages 470-479.
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Olav Dahl & Frank Pfeffer. (2015) Twenty-five years with adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer – a continuous evolving concept. Acta Oncologica 54:1, pages 1-4.
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Beate K. Hauglann, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Sophie D. Fosså, Kjell M. Tveit & Alv A. Dahl. (2014) A controlled cohort study of sickness absence and disability pension in colorectal cancer survivors. Acta Oncologica 53:6, pages 735-743.
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Marko Kornmann, Karl-Heinrich Link & Andrea Formentini. (2014) Differences in colon and rectal cancer chemosensitivity. Colorectal Cancer 3:1, pages 93-105.
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Morgan Kruse, Anju Parthan, John Coombs, Medha Sasane & Douglas Taylor. (2013) Comparison of Different Adjuvant Therapies for 9 Resectable Cancer Types. Postgraduate Medicine 125:2, pages 83-91.
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Alexandre Larocque & Robert S. Hoffman. (2012) Levamisole in cocaine: Unexpected news from an old acquaintance. Clinical Toxicology 50:4, pages 231-241.
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Gemma Gatta, Giulia Zigon, Tiiu Aareleid, Eva Ardanaz, Magdalena Bielska-Lasota, Jaume Galceran, Stanisław Góźdź, Timo Hakulinen, Carmen Martinez-Garcia, Ivan Plesko, Maja Primic Žakelj, Jadwiga Rachtan, Giovanna Tagliabue, Marina Vercelli & Jean Faivre. (2010) Patterns of care for European colorectal cancer patients diagnosed 1996–1998: A EUROCARE High Resolution Study. Acta Oncologica 49:6, pages 776-783.
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Katarina Öhrling, David Edler, Marja Hallström & Peter Ragnhammar. (2010) Mismatch repair protein expression is an independent prognostic factor in sporadic colorectal cancer. Acta Oncologica 49:6, pages 797-804.
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Articles from other publishers (40)

Gerarda H. Khan, Floor Veltkamp, Mirte Scheper, Ron A. Hoebe, Nike Claessen, Loes Butter, Antonia H.M. Bouts, Sandrine Florquin & Jeroen E. J. Guikema. (2023) Levamisole suppresses activation and proliferation of human T cells by the induction of a p53‐dependent DNA damage response. European Journal of Immunology 53:11.
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Kjersti Elvestad Hestetun, Nina Benedikte Rosenlund, Luka Stanisavljević, Olav Dahl & Mette Pernille Myklebust. (2022) Stage-dependent prognostic shift in mismatch repair-deficient tumors: Assessing patient outcomes in stage II and III colon cancer. Frontiers in Oncology 12.
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Piotr Kuropka, Anna Leśków, Katarzyna Małolepsza-Jarmołowska, Maciej Dobrzyński, Małgorzata Tarnowska, Jacek Majda, Maciej Janeczek, Katarzyna Żybura-Wszoła & Andrzej Gamian. (2022) Effect of a Single and Triple Dose of Levamisole on Hematological Parameters in Controlled Inflammation Model. Animals 12:16, pages 2110.
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Kjersti Elvestad Hestetun, Kristine Aasebø, Nina Benedikte Rosenlund, Yvonne Müller, Olav Dahl & Mette Pernille Myklebust. (2021) Mismatch repair phenotype determines the implications of tumor grade and CDX2 expression in stage II–III colon cancer. Modern Pathology 34:1, pages 161-170.
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Erik Osterman, Klara Hammarström, Israa Imam, Emerik Osterlund, Tobias Sjöblom & Bengt Glimelius. (2020) Recurrence Risk after Radical Colorectal Cancer Surgery—Less Than before, But How High Is It?. Cancers 12:11, pages 3308.
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Bengt Glimelius & Erik Osterman. (2020) Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients. Cancers 12:8, pages 2289.
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Bengt Glimelius. (2020) Adjuvant chemotherapy in rectal cancer: state of the art and future perspectives. Current Opinion in Oncology 32:4, pages 377-383.
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Romain Cohen, Dewi Vernerey, Carine Bellera, Aurélia Meurisse, Julie Henriques, Xavier Paoletti, Benoît Rousseau, Steven Alberts, Thomas Aparicio, Ioannis Boukovinas, Sharlene Gill, Richard M. Goldberg, Axel Grothey, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Timothy Iveson, Rachel Kerr, Roberto Labianca, Sara Lonardi, Jeffrey Meyerhardt, James Paul, Cornelis J.A. Punt, Leonard Saltz, Marck P. Saunders, Hans-Joachim Schmoll, Manish Shah, Alberto Sobrero, Ioannis Souglakos, Julien Taieb, Atsuo Takashima, Anna Dorothea Wagner, Marc Ychou, Franck Bonnetain, Sophie Gourgou, Takayuki Yoshino, Greg Yothers, Aimery de Gramont, Qian Shi & Thierry André. (2020) Guidelines for time-to-event end-point definitions in adjuvant randomised trials for patients with localised colon cancer: Results of the DATECAN initiative. European Journal of Cancer 130, pages 63-71.
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M. Koudad, C. El Hamouti, A. Elaatiaoui, S. Dadou, A. Oussaid, F. Abrigach, G. Pilet, N. Benchat & M. Allali. (2019) Synthesis, crystal structure, antimicrobial activity and docking studies of new imidazothiazole derivatives. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society 17:2, pages 297-306.
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P. H. Chapuis, E. Bokey, C. Chan, A. Keshava, M. J. F. X. Rickard, P. Stewart, C. J. Young & O. F. Dent. (2018) Recurrence and cancer‐specific death after adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage III colon cancer . Colorectal Disease 21:2, pages 164-173.
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Francisco Giner, José A López-Guerrero, Antonio Fernández-Serra, Isidro Machado, Empar Mayordomo-Aranda, Amando Peydró-Olaya & Antonio Llombart-Bosch. (2018) Chemokine Expression Is Involved in the Vascular Neogenesis of Ewing Sarcoma: A Preliminary Analysis of the Early Stages of Angiogenesis in a Xenograft Model. Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 22:1, pages 30-39.
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Rob Glynne-Jones & Marcia Hall. 2019. Comprehensive Rectal Cancer Care. Comprehensive Rectal Cancer Care 407 444 .
Hany M. Ibrahim, Faten R. Abdel Ghaffar, Ibrahim A. El-Elaimy, Mona S. Gouida & Heba M. Abd El latif. (2018) Antitumor and immune-modulatory efficacy of dual-treatment based on levamisole and/or taurine in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 106, pages 43-49.
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Erik L. Zeger & Richard M. Goldberg. 2018. Surgical Techniques in Rectal Cancer. Surgical Techniques in Rectal Cancer 97 109 .
Brian R. Curtis. (2017) Non–chemotherapy drug–induced neutropenia: key points to manage the challenges. Hematology 2017:1, pages 187-193.
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Kjetil Boye, Havjin Jacob, Kari‐Anne M. Frikstad, Jahn M. Nesland, Gunhild M. Mælandsmo, Olav Dahl, Arild Nesbakken & Kjersti Flatmark. (2016) Prognostic significance of S100A4 expression in stage II and III colorectal cancer: results from a population‐based series and a randomized phase III study on adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Medicine 5:8, pages 1840-1849.
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Norimitsu Yabusaki, Tsutomu Fujii, Suguru Yamada, Kenta Murotani, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, Mitsuro Kanda, Goro Nakayama, Masahiko Koike, Michitaka Fujiwara & Yasuhiro Kodera. (2016) The significance of relative dose intensity in adjuvant chemotherapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma—including the analysis of clinicopathological factors influencing relative dose intensity. Medicine 95:29, pages e4282.
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Martin M. Watson, Dordi Lea, Emma Rewcastle, Hanne R. Hagland & Kjetil Søreide. (2016) Elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotides in early‐stage colorectal cancers with and without high‐frequency microsatellite instability: same, same but different?. Cancer Medicine 5:7, pages 1580-1587.
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Luka Stanisavljević, Jörg Aßmus, Kristian Eeg Storli, Sabine Maria Leh, Olav Dahl & Mette Pernille Myklebust. (2015) CXCR4, CXCL12 and the relative CXCL12-CXCR4 expression as prognostic factors in colon cancer. Tumor Biology 37:6, pages 7441-7452.
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Aalok Kumar, Renata D. Peixoto, Hagen F. Kennecke, Daniel J. Renouf, Howard J. Lim, Sharlene Gill, Caroline H. Speers & Winson Y. Cheung. (2015) Effect of Adjuvant FOLFOX Chemotherapy Duration on Outcomes of Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 14:4, pages 262-268.e1.
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Yan Zhang, Junli Ma, Sai Zhang, Ganlu Deng, Xiaoling Wu, Jingxuan He, Haiping Pei, Hong Shen & Shan Zeng. (2015) A prognostic analysis of 895 cases of stage III colon cancer in different colon subsites. International Journal of Colorectal Disease 30:9, pages 1173-1183.
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Helena Taflin, Yvonne Wettergren, Elisabeth Odin & Kristoffer Derwinger. (2014) Folate levels measured by LC–MS/MS in patients with colorectal cancer treated with different leucovorin dosages. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 74:6, pages 1167-1174.
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Beate Hauglann, Jūratė Šaltytė Benth, Sophie D. Fosså, Kjell M. Tveit & Alv A. Dahl. (2014) A controlled cohort study of long-term income in colorectal cancer patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 22:10, pages 2821-2830.
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B.R. Curtis. (2014) Drug-induced immune neutropenia/ agranulocytosis. Immunohematology 30:2, pages 95-101.
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G. Gatta, A. Trama & R. Capocaccia. (2013) Variations in Cancer Survival and Patterns of Care Across Europe: Roles of Wealth and Health-Care Organization. JNCI Monographs 2013:46, pages 79-87.
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Marko Kornmann, Ludger Staib, Thomas Wiegel, Martina Kron, Doris Henne-Bruns, Karl-Heinrich Link & Andrea Formentini. (2013) Long-Term Results of 2 Adjuvant Trials Reveal Differences in Chemosensitivity and the Pattern of Metastases Between Colon Cancer and Rectal Cancer. Clinical Colorectal Cancer 12:1, pages 54-61.
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M P Myklebust, Z Li, T H Tran, H Rui, E S Knudsen, H Elsaleh, Ø Fluge, B Vonen, H E Myrvold, S Leh, K M Tveit, R G Pestell & O Dahl. (2012) Expression of cyclin D1a and D1b as predictive factors for treatment response in colorectal cancer. British Journal of Cancer 107:10, pages 1684-1691.
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Bengt Glimelius & Peter Nygren. 2012. Multidisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer. Multidisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer 217 225 .
D.J. Jonker, K. Spithoff & J. Maroun. (2011) Adjuvant Systemic Chemotherapy for Stage II and III Colon Cancer after Complete Resection: An Updated Practice Guideline. Clinical Oncology 23:5, pages 314-322.
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James E. Talmadge. 2011. Principles of Immunopharmacology. Principles of Immunopharmacology 373 410 .
D. Hibi, T. Imazawa, A. Kijima, Y. Suzuki, Y. Ishii, M. Jin, T. Umemura & A. Nishikawa. (2010) Investigation of carcinogenicity for levamisole administered in the diet to F344 rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 48:12, pages 3321-3326.
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J.W.T. Dekker, K.C. Peeters, H. Putter, A.L. Vahrmeijer & C.J.H. van de Velde. (2010) Metastatic lymph node ratio in stage III rectal cancer; prognostic significance in addition to the 7th edition of the TNM classification. European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 36:12, pages 1180-1186.
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M Kornmann, L Staib, T Wiegel, E-D Kreuser, M Kron, W Baumann, D Henne-Bruns & K-H Link. (2010) Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy of advanced resectable rectal cancer: results of a randomised trial comparing modulation of 5-fluorouracil with folinic acid or with interferon-α. British Journal of Cancer 103:8, pages 1163-1172.
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K. Bujko, R. Glynne-Jones & M. Bujko. (2010) Does adjuvant fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy provide a benefit for patients with resected rectal cancer who have already received neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy? A systematic review of randomised trials. Annals of Oncology 21:9, pages 1743-1750.
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Ø Fluge, K Gravdal, E Carlsen, B Vonen, K Kjellevold, S Refsum, R Lilleng, T J Eide, T B Halvorsen, K M Tveit, A P Otte, L A Akslen & O Dahl. (2009) Expression of EZH2 and Ki-67 in colorectal cancer and associations with treatment response and prognosis. British Journal of Cancer 101:8, pages 1282-1289.
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