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Annals of Human Biology Volume 17, 1990 - Issue 5
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Original Article

Skeletal maturity in Belgian youths assessed by the Tanner-Whitehouse method (TW2)

G. Beunen Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
J. Lefevre Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
M. Ostyn Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
R. Renson Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
,
J. Simons Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
&
D. Van Gerven Center for Physical Development Research, Institute of Physical Education, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
Pages 355-376 | Received 14 Dec 1988, Published online: 09 Jul 2009

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Francesco De Micco, Nikolaos Angelakopoulos, Federica Martino, Graziamaria Corbi, Roberto Cameriere & Carlo Pietro Campobasso. (2022) Skeletal age estimation in a contemporary South African population using two radiological methods (Bo/Ca and TW2). Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 54:6, pages 767-784.
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Duarte Freitas, Robert M. Malina, José Maia, Johan Lefevre, Mikis Stasinopoulos, Élvio Gouveia, Albrecht Claessens, Martine Thomis & Berthold Lausen. (2012) Short-term secular change in height, body mass and Tanner-Whitehouse 3 skeletal maturity of Madeira youth, Portugal. Annals of Human Biology 39:3, pages 195-205.
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Shao-Yan Zhang, Li-Juan Liu, Zhen-Lie Wu, Gang Liu, Zhen-Guo Ma, Xun-Zhang Shen & Rui-Long Xu. (2008) Standards of TW3 skeletal maturity for Chinese children. Annals of Human Biology 35:3, pages 349-354.
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L. Molinari, T. Gasser & R. H. Largo. (2004) TW3 bone age: RUS/CB and gender differences of percentiles for score and score increments. Annals of Human Biology 31:4, pages 421-435.
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D. Freitas, J. Maia, G. Beunen, J. Lefevre, A. Claessens, A. Marques, A. Rodrigues, C. Silva, M. Crespo, M. Thomis, A. Sousa & R. Malina. (2004) Skeletal maturity and socio-economic status in Portuguese children and youths: the Madeira growth study. Annals of Human Biology 31:4, pages 408-420.
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K. Ashizawa, T. Asami, M. Anzo, N. Matsuo, H. Matsuoka, M. Murata, F. Ohtsuki, M. Satoh, T. Tanaka, H. Tatara & K. Tsukagoshi. (1996) Standard RUS skeletal maturation of Tokyo children. Annals of Human Biology 23:6, pages 457-469.
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Articles from other publishers (33)

Lorenzo Lolli, Amanda Johnson, Mauricio Monaco, Valter Di Salvo & Warren Gregson. (2023) Skeletal maturation in male elite youth athletes from the Middle East. American Journal of Human Biology 35:8.
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Kai Zhao, Shuai Ma, Zhaonan Sun, Xiang Liu, Ying Zhu, Yufeng Xu & Xiaoying Wang. (2022) Effect of AI-assisted software on inter- and intra-observer variability for the X-ray bone age assessment of preschool children. BMC Pediatrics 22:1.
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Paulo Sousa-e-Silva, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Andre Seabra, Daniela C. Costa, Diogo V. Martinho, João P. Duarte, Tomás Oliveira, João Gonçalves-Santos, Inês Rodrigues, Luis P. Ribeiro, António J. Figueiredo, Jan M. Konarski, Sean P. Cumming & Robert M. Malina. (2022) Skeletal age assessed by TW2 using 20-bone, carpal and RUS score systems: Intra-observer and inter-observer agreement among male pubertal soccer players. PLOS ONE 17:8, pages e0271386.
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Mari Satoh & Yukihiro Hasegawa. (2022) Factors affecting prepubertal and pubertal bone age progression. Frontiers in Endocrinology 13.
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Andreas Schmeling & Ernst Rudolf. 2022. Handbook of Forensic Medicine. Handbook of Forensic Medicine 1027 1053 .
Federica Cavallo, Angelika Mohn, Francesco Chiarelli & Cosimo Giannini. (2021) Evaluation of Bone Age in Children: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in Pediatrics 9.
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Marco Cummaudo, Danilo De Angelis, Francesca Magli, Giulia Minà, Vera Merelli & Cristina Cattaneo. (2021) Age estimation in the living: A scoping review of population data for skeletal and dental methods. Forensic Science International 320, pages 110689.
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Baoyu Liang, Yunkai Zhai, Chao Tong, Jie Zhao, Jun Li, Xianying He & Qianqian Ma. (2019) A deep automated skeletal bone age assessment model via region-based convolutional neural network. Future Generation Computer Systems 98, pages 54-59.
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Bo Liu, Yu Zhang, Meicheng Chu, Xiangzhi Bai & Fugen Zhou. (2019) Bone Age Assessment Based on Rank-Monotonicity Enhanced Ranking CNN. IEEE Access 7, pages 120976-120983.
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Chao Tong, Baoyu Liang, Jun Li & Zhigao Zheng. (2018) A Deep Automated Skeletal Bone Age Assessment Model with Heterogeneous Features Learning. Journal of Medical Systems 42:12.
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A. Schmeling. 2016. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine. Encyclopedia of Forensic and Legal Medicine 70 78 .
Mari Satoh. (2015) Bone age: assessment methods and clinical applications. Clinical Pediatric Endocrinology 24:4, pages 143-152.
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Andreas Schmeling. 2014. Handbook of Forensic Medicine. Handbook of Forensic Medicine 791 809 .
S. Schmidt, I. Nitz, S. Ribbecke, R. Schulz, H. Pfeiffer & A. Schmeling. (2013) Skeletal age determination of the hand: a comparison of methods. International Journal of Legal Medicine 127:3, pages 691-698.
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Khalid Khan & Avanikkha Shri Elayappen. 2012. Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease. Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease 2937 2953 .
S. Serinelli, V. Panetta, P. Pasqualetti & D. Marchetti. (2011) Accuracy of three age determination X-ray methods on the left hand-wrist: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Legal Medicine 13:3, pages 120-133.
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S. Schmidt, T. Fracasso, H. Pfeiffer & A. Schmeling. (2010) Skelettaltersbestimmung der HandSkeletal age determination of the hand. Rechtsmedizin 20:6, pages 475-482.
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Andreas Schmeling, Sven Schmidt, Ronald Schulz, Andreas Olze, Walter Reisinger & Volker Vieth. 2010. Age Estimation in the Living. Age Estimation in the Living 130 149 .
E. Cunha, E. Baccino, L. Martrille, F. Ramsthaler, J. Prieto, Y. Schuliar, N. Lynnerup & C. Cattaneo. (2009) The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: A review. Forensic Science International 193:1-3, pages 1-13.
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Andreas Schmeling, Walter Reisinger, Gunther Geserick & Andreas Olze. 2008. Forensic Pathology Reviews. Forensic Pathology Reviews 269 288 .
Sven Schmidt, Inna Nitz, Ronald Schulz & Andreas Schmeling. (2008) Applicability of the skeletal age determination method of Tanner and Whitehouse for forensic age diagnostics. International Journal of Legal Medicine 122:4, pages 309-314.
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P.M. Garamendi, M.I. Landa, J. Ballesteros & M.A. Solano. (2005) Reliability of the methods applied to assess age minority in living subjects around 18 years old. Forensic Science International 154:1, pages 3-12.
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A.K. Agossou-Voyeme, C.R. Fachehoun, V. Boco, G.M. Hounnou & O. Biaou. (2005) Âge osseux du noir béninois. Morphologie 89:285, pages 64-70.
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Andreas Schmeling, Andreas Olze, Walter Reisinger & Gunther Geserick. (2005) Forensic age estimation and ethnicity. Legal Medicine 7:2, pages 134-137.
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Alex F. Roche & Shumei S. Sun. 2009. Human Growth. Human Growth.
Ahmet Koc, Mustafa Karaoglanoglu, Murat Erdogan, Mustafa Kosecik & Yasar Cesur. (2002) Assessment of bone ages: Is the Greulich‐Pyle method sufficient for Turkish boys?. Pediatrics International 43:6, pages 662-665.
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K. Kimura. 2001. Perspectives in Human Growth, Development and Maturation. Perspectives in Human Growth, Development and Maturation 281 297 .
Rick R. van Rijn & Cornelis van Kuijk. 2001. Fundamentals of Hand and Wrist Imaging. Fundamentals of Hand and Wrist Imaging 139 153 .
M. Murata. (2012) Population‐specific reference values for bone age. Acta Paediatrica 86:S423, pages 113-114.
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GASTON P. BEUNEN, ROBERT M. MALINA, JOHAN LEFEVRE, ALBRECHT L. CLAESSENS, ROLAND RENSON & JAN SIMONS. (1997) Prediction of adult stature and noninvasive assessment of biological maturation. Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29:2, pages 225-230.
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H. Frisch, S. Riedl & T. Waldhor. (1996) Computer-aided estimation of skeletal age and comparison with bone age evaluations by the method of Greulich-Pyle and Tanner-Whitehouse. Pediatric Radiology 26:3, pages 226-231.
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JK Song, AL Claessens, GP Beunen & J. Lefevre. (2005) Body size, biological maturation, and sport participation related to cortical bone in adolescent girls. American Journal of Human Biology 6:5, pages 585-592.
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Willem Kuiper & NJ Bishop. (1991) Letter to the editor. Bone and Mineral 15:1, pages 85-87.
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