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Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 18, 2006 - Issue 9
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Research Article

Acute Nose-Only Exposure of Rats to Phosgene. Part II. Concentration × Time Dependence of Changes in Bronchoalveolar Lavage During a Follow-Up Period of 3 Months

Pages 595-607 | Received 14 Oct 2005, Accepted 21 Feb 2006, Published online: 06 Oct 2008

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Stephen T. Hobson, Robert P. Casillas, Richard A. Richieri, Robert N. Nishimura, Richard H. Weisbart, Rick Tuttle, Glenn T. Reynolds & Missag H. Parseghian. (2019) Development of an acute, short-term exposure model for phosgene. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 29:8, pages 604-615.
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Jennifer L. Plahovinsak, Mark R. Perry, Katherine A. Knostman, Robert Segal & Michael C. Babin. (2015) Characterization of a nose-only inhaled phosgene acute lung injury mouse model . Inhalation Toxicology 27:14, pages 832-840.
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Jürgen Pauluhn. (2011) Acute nose-only inhalation exposure of rats to di- and triphosgene relative to phosgene. Inhalation Toxicology 23:2, pages 65-73.
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Dana Glass, Mark McClanahan, Loren Koller & Femi Adeshina. (2009) Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for phosgene (CG). Inhalation Toxicology 21:sup3, pages 73-94.
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J. Pauluhn, A. Carson, D. L. Costa, T. Gordon, U. Kodavanti, J. A. Last, M. A. Matthay, K. E. Pinkerton & A. M. Sciuto. (2007) Workshop Summary: Phosgene-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity Revisited: Appraisal of Early and Late Markers of Pulmonary Injury From Animal Models With Emphasis on Human Significance. Inhalation Toxicology 19:10, pages 789-810.
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Juergen Pauluhn. (2023) Pathogenetic role of alveolar surfactant depleted by phosgene: Biophysical mechanisms and peak inhalation exposure metrics. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 143, pages 105441.
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Juergen Pauluhn & John E. Whalan. (2021) Human risk assessment of inhaled irritants: Role of sensory stimulations from spatially separated nociceptors. Toxicology 462, pages 152929.
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Juergen Pauluhn. (2021) Phosgene inhalation toxicity: Update on mechanisms and mechanism-based treatment strategies. Toxicology 450, pages 152682.
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Wenli Li & Juergen Pauluhn. (2019) Phosgene-induced lung edema: Comparison of clinical criteria for increased extravascular lung water content with postmortem lung gravimetry and lavage-protein in rats and dogs. Toxicology Letters 305, pages 32-39.
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A. Guillon, T. Sécher, L.A. Dailey, L. Vecellio, M. de Monte, M. Si-Tahar, P. Diot, C.P. Page & N. Heuzé-Vourc’h. (2018) Insights on animal models to investigate inhalation therapy: Relevance for biotherapeutics. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 536:1, pages 116-126.
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Wenli Li & Juergen Pauluhn. (2017) Phosgene‐induced acute lung injury (ALI): differences from chlorine‐induced ALI and attempts to translate toxicology to clinical medicine. Clinical and Translational Medicine 6:1.
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Wenli Li, Martin Rosenbruch & Jürgen Pauluhn. (2015) Effect of PEEP on phosgene-induced lung edema: Pilot study on dogs using protective ventilation strategies. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 67:2, pages 109-116.
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Yiqun MoJing ChenDavid M. HumphreyJr.Jr., Ramy A. Fodah, Jonathan M. Warawa & Gary W. Hoyle. (2015) Abnormal epithelial structure and chronic lung inflammation after repair of chlorine-induced airway injury. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 308:2, pages L168-L178.
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Brent D. Kerger & M. Joseph Fedoruk. (2015) Pathology, toxicology, and latency of irritant gases known to cause bronchiolitis obliterans disease: Does diacetyl fit the pattern?. Toxicology Reports 2, pages 1463-1472.
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Cheryl B. Bast & Dana F. Glass-Mattie. 2015. Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents. Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents 327 335 .
Sa Luo, Hubert Trübel, Chen Wang & Jürgen Pauluhn. (2014) Phosgene- and chlorine-induced acute lung injury in rats: Comparison of cardiopulmonary function and biomarkers in exhaled breath. Toxicology 326, pages 109-118.
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Sa Luo, Jürgen Pauluhn, Hubert Trübel & Chen Wang. (2014) Corticosteroids found ineffective for phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats. Toxicology Letters 229:1, pages 85-92.
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Jürgen Pauluhn. (2014) The metrics of MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation are dependent on the selected testing regimen. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 68:3, pages 343-352.
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Fangfang Liu, Jürgen Pauluhn, Hubert Trübel & Chen Wang. (2014) Single high-dose dexamethasone and sodium salicylate failed to attenuate phosgene-induced acute lung injury in rats. Toxicology 315, pages 17-23.
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George D. Leikauf, Vincent J. Concel, Kiflai Bein, Pengyuan Liu, Annerose Berndt, Timothy M. Martin, Koustav Ganguly, An Soo Jang, Kelly A. Brant, Richard A. DopicoJr.Jr., Swapna Upadhyay, Clinton Cario, Y. P. Peter Di, Louis J. Vuga, Emrah Kostem, Eleazar Eskin, Ming You, Naftali Kaminski, Daniel R. Prows, Daren L. Knoell & James P. Fabisiak. (2013) Functional Genomic Assessment of Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 49:3, pages 368-383.
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Erik Wahlström, Anna Ollerstam, Lena Sundius & Hui Zhang. (2013) Use of Lung Weight as Biomarker for Assessment of Lung Toxicity in Rat Inhalation Studies. Toxicologic Pathology 41:6, pages 902-912.
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Fangfang Liu, Wenli Li, Jürgen Pauluhn, Hubert Trübel & Chen Wang. (2013) Rat models of acute lung injury: Exhaled nitric oxide as a sensitive, noninvasive real-time biomarker of prognosis and efficacy of intervention. Toxicology 310, pages 104-114.
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Wenli Li, Fangfang Liu, Chen Wang, Hubert Truebel & Juergen Pauluhn. (2013) Novel Insights Into Phosgene-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats: Role of Dysregulated Cardiopulmonary Reflexes and Nitric Oxide in Lung Edema Pathogenesis. Toxicological Sciences 131:2, pages 612-628.
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. 2002. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 1 19 .
James J. Collins, Donald M. Molenaar, Larry O. Bowler, Tom J. Harbourt, Michael Carson, Bipin Avashia, Teresa Calhoun, Craig Vitrano, Paul Ameis, Richard Chalfant & Pete Howard. (2011) Results From the US Industry-Wide Phosgene Surveillance. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 53:3, pages 239-244.
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Wen-Li Li & Jürgen Pauluhn. (2010) Comparative assessment of the sensory irritation potency in mice and rats nose-only exposed to ammonia in dry and humidified atmospheres. Toxicology 276:2, pages 135-142.
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J. Pauluhn. 2010. Fire Toxicity. Fire Toxicity 229 281 .
George M. Woodall, Jeffrey S. Gift & Gary L. Foureman. 2009. General, Applied and Systems Toxicology. General, Applied and Systems Toxicology.
Cheryl B. Bast & Dana F. Glass. 2009. Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents. Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents 321 330 .
Jeffrey S. Gift, Robert McGaughy, Dharm V. Singh & Babasaheb Sonawane. (2008) Health assessment of phosgene: Approaches for derivation of reference concentration. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 51:1, pages 98-107.
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