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International Journal of Radiation Biology Volume 63, 1993 - Issue 3
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Original Article

DNA Damage in UV-irradiated Human Skin in Vivo: Automated Direct Measurement by Image Analysis (Thymine Dimers) Compared with Indirect Measurement (Unscheduled DNA Synthesis) and Protection by 5-methoxypsoralen

C.S. Potten Cancer Research Campaign Department of Epithelial Biology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital (NHS) Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 9BX, UK
,
C.A. Chadwick Toxicology Advisory Services, Sutton, Surrey, UK
,
A.J. Cohen Division of Radiation Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 31-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920, Japan
,
O. Nikaido Becton Dickinson Image Cytometry Systems BV, PO Box 11285, 2301 EG, Leiden, The Netherlands
,
T. Matsunaga Department of Photobiology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospital, University of London, London, IK
,
N.W. Schipper Cancer Research Campaign Department of Epithelial Biology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital (NHS) Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 9BX, UK
&
A.R. Young Toxicology Advisory Services, Sutton, Surrey, UK
 show all
Pages 313-324 | Received 12 Aug 1992, Accepted 22 Oct 1992, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

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Paul Forlot & Paul Pevet. (2012) Bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau) essential oil: Biological properties, cosmetic and medical use. A review. Journal of Essential Oil Research 24:2, pages 195-201.
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Rüdiger Greinert, Esther de Vries, Friederike Erdmann, Carolina Espina, Anssi Auvinen, Ausrele Kesminiene & Joachim Schüz. (2015) European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Ultraviolet radiation and cancer. Cancer Epidemiology 39, pages S75-S83.
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. 2014. Essential Oil Safety. Essential Oil Safety 677 755 .
Robert Tisserand & Rodney Young. 2014. Essential Oil Safety. Essential Oil Safety 483 647 .
S. V. Mylnikov, N. V. Pavlova & L. V. Barabanova. (2012) Antimutagenic effects of synthetic epithalon peptide in mice Mus musculus different in hair color. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 2:5, pages 378-389.
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Onno ten Berge, Sara G.A. van Velsen, Barbara Giovannone, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Edward F. Knol, Kees Guikers & Huib van Weelden. (2011) Assessment of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers by digital photography in human skin. Journal of Immunological Methods 373:1-2, pages 240-246.
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Sergey V Mylnikov, Natalia V Pavlova & Larisa V Barabanova. (2011) Anti-mutagenic action of synthetic “epitalon” peptide in mice with different body colour. Ecological genetics 9:3, pages 75-88.
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David Mitchell & Becky Brooks. (2010) Antibodies and DNA Photoproducts: Applications, Milestones and Reference Guide. Photochemistry and Photobiology 86:1, pages 2-17.
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Masamitsu Ichihashi, Hideya Ando, Masaki Yoshida, Yoko Niki & Mary Matsui. (2009) Photoaging of the skin. ANTI-AGING MEDICINE 6:6, pages 46-59.
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Peter Wolf & Antony Young. 2009. Dermatological Phototherapy and Photodiagnostic Methods. Dermatological Phototherapy and Photodiagnostic Methods 333 363 .
Lars Alexander Schneider, Ralf Hinrichs & Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek. (2008) Phototherapy and photochemotherapy. Clinics in Dermatology 26:5, pages 464-476.
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J Frank Nash, Paul J Matts & Keith D Ertel. (2007) Maintenance of healthy skin: cleansing, moisturization, and ultraviolet protection. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 6:s1, pages 7-11.
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Sophie Seite, Chantal Medaisko, Francois Christiaens, Catherine Bredoux, Delphine Compan, Helene Zucchi, Daniele Lombard & Anny Fourtanier. (2006) Biological effects of simulated ultraviolet daylight: a new approach to investigate daily photoprotection. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine 22:2, pages 67-77.
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George Chaplin. (2004) Geographic distribution of environmental factors influencing human skin coloration. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 125:3, pages 292-302.
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Marcus S Cooke, Ian D Podmore, Nalini Mistry, Mark D Evans, Karl E Herbert, Helen R Griffiths & Joseph Lunec. (2003) Immunochemical detection of UV-induced DNA damage and repair. Journal of Immunological Methods 280:1-2, pages 125-133.
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Y.M. Lee, T.H. Wu, S.F. Chen & J.G. Chung. (2003) Effect of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) on cell apoptosis and cell cycle in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Toxicology in Vitro 17:3, pages 279-287.
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Nicola Cragg, Caroline A. Chadwick, Christopher S. Potten, John M. Sheehan & Antony R. Young. (2002) Repeated Ultraviolet Exposure Affords the Same Protection Against DNA Photodamage and Erythema in Human Skin Types II and IV but is Associated with Faster DNA Repair in Skin Type IV. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 118:5, pages 825-829.
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R. M. TAMIMI, P. LAGIOU, H.‐O. ADAMI & D. TRICHOPOULOS. (2002) Prospects for chemoprevention of cancer. Journal of Internal Medicine 251:4, pages 286-300.
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J-P. Ortonne. (2002) Photoprotective properties of skin melanin. British Journal of Dermatology 146:s61, pages 7-10.
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David A Brown. (2001) Skin pigmentation enhancers. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 63:1-3, pages 148-161.
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Michel Heenen, P.U Giacomoni & Patricia Golstein. (2001) Individual variations in the correlation between erythemal threshold, UV-induced DNA damage and sun-burn cell formation. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 63:1-3, pages 84-87.
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S.Elizabeth Whitmore, Warwick L. Morison, Christopher S. Potten & Caroline Chadwick b. (2001) Tanning salon exposure and molecular alterations. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 44:5, pages 775-780.
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David A. Brown. 2001. Sun Protection in Man. Sun Protection in Man 637 675 .
Michel Heenen, Paolo U. Giacomoni & Patricia Golstein. 2001. Sun Protection in Man. Sun Protection in Man 277 285 .
Peter Wolf & Antony Young. 2001. Dermatological Phototherapy and Photodiagnostic Methods. Dermatological Phototherapy and Photodiagnostic Methods 303 326 .
Peter Wolf, Robert R. Müllegger, H. Peter Soyer, Angelika Hofer, Josef Smolle, Michael Horn, Lorenzo Cerroni, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof, Helmut Kerl, Harald Maier, Caroline A. Chadwick, Daniel Yarosh, Jonathan Klein, Corazon Bucana, Kenneth DunnerJrJr, Christopher S. Potten, Herbert Hönigsmann & Margaret L. Kripke. (2000) Topical Treatment with Liposomes Containing T4 Endonuclease V Protects Human Skin In Vivo from Ultraviolet-Induced Upregulation of Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 114:1, pages 149-156.
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Daniel B. Yarosh, Adrienne O'Connor, Lori Alas, Christopher Potten & Peter Wolf. (2008) Photoprotection by Topical DMA Repair Enzymes: Molecular Correlates of Clinical Studies. Photochemistry and Photobiology 69:2, pages 136-140.
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Antony R. Young, Graham I. Harrison, Caroline A. Chadwick, Osamu Nikaido, Jonathan Ramsden & Christopher S. Potten. (1998) The Similarity of Action Spectra for Thymine Dimers in Human Epidermis and Erythema Suggests that DNA is the Chromophore for Erythema. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 111:6, pages 982-988.
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Antony R. Young, Christopher S. Potten, Osamu Nikaido, Peter G. Parsons, Jack Boenders, Jonathan M. Ramsden & Caroline A. Chadwick. (1998) Human Melanocytes and Keratinocytes Exposed to UVB or UVA In Vivo Show Comparable Levels of Thymine Dimers. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 111:6, pages 936-940.
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John M. Sheehan, Christopher S. Potten & Antony R. Young. (2008) Tanning in Human Skin Types II and III Offers Modest Photoprotection Against Erythema. Photochemistry and Photobiology 68:4, pages 588-592.
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Frank R. de Gruijl & Rob J. W. Berg. (2008) In Situ Molecular Dosimetry and Tumor Risk: UV‐lnduced DNA Damage and Tumor Latency Time‡. Photochemistry and Photobiology 68:4, pages 555-560.
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Nobuhiko Kobayashi, Akemi Nakagawa, Tsutomu Muramatsu, Yukio Yamashina, Toshihiko Shirai, Mitsumasa W. Hashimoto, Yasuhito Ishigaki, Takeo Ohnishi & Toshio Mori. (1998) Supranuclear Melanin Caps Reduce Ultraviolet Induced DNA Photoproducts in Human Epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 110:5, pages 806-810.
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Christian Kipp, Emma J. Lewis & Antony R. Young. (2008) Furocoumarin‐induced Epidermal Melanogenesis Does Not Protect Against Skin Photocarcinogenesis in Hairless Mice. Photochemistry and Photobiology 67:1, pages 126-132.
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Antony R Young. (1997) Chromophores in human skin. Physics in Medicine and Biology 42:5, pages 789-802.
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Judith S. Kinley, Gunnar Brunborg, Johan Moan & Antony R. Young. (1997) Photoprotection by Furocoumarin-lnduced Melanogenesis Against DNA Photodamage in Mouse Epidermis in vivo. Photochemistry and Photobiology 65:3, pages 486-491.
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Marcus S Cooke, Nalini Mistry, Catherine Wood, Karl E Herbert & Joseph Lunec. (1997) Immunogenicity of DNA Damaged by Reactive Oxygen Species—Implications for Anti-DNA Antibodies in Lupus. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22:1-2, pages 151-159.
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A. R. Young, C. A. Chadwick, G. I. Harrison & C. S. Potten. 1997. Skin Cancer and UV Radiation. Skin Cancer and UV Radiation 723 726 .
C.A. CHADWICK, S.P. DIGGLE, A.R. YOUNG & C.S. POTTEN. (1996) The quantitation and kinetics of unscheduled (repair) DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin by automated image analysis. British Journal of Dermatology 135:4, pages 516-522.
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C.A. CHADWICK, S.P. DIGGLE, A.R. YOUNG & C.S. POTTEN. (1996) The quantitation and kinetics of unscheduled (repair) DNA synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated human skin by automated image analysis. British Journal of Dermatology 135:4, pages 516-522.
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D. Yarosh, J. Klein, J. Kibitel, L. Alas, A. O'Connor, B. Cummings, D. Grab, D. Gerstein, B. A. Gilchrest, M. Ichihashi, M. Ogoshi, M. Ueda, V. Fernandez, C. Chadwick, C. S. Potten, C. M. Proby, A. R. Young & J. L. M. Hawk. (2011) Enzyme therapy of xeroderma pigmentosum: safety and efficacy testing of T4N5 liposome lotion containing a prokaryotic DNA repair enzyme. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine 12:3, pages 122-130.
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Antony R. Young, Caroline A. Chadwick, Graham I. Harrison, John L.M. Hawk, Osamu Nikaido & Christopher S. Potten. (1996) The In Situ Repair Kinetics of Epidermal Thymine Dimers and 6-4 Photoproducts in Human Skin Types I and II. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 106:6, pages 1307-1313.
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Catherine Anselmino, Dietrich Averbeck & Jean Cadet. (2008) PHOTOREACTION OF 5‐METHOXYPSORALEN WITH THYMIDINE and THE THYMINE MOIETY OF ISOLATED and Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA. CHARACTERIZATION and MEASUREMENT OF THE TWO cis‐syn FURAN‐SIDE MONOCYCLOADDUCTS. Photochemistry and Photobiology 62:6, pages 997-1004.
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C.A. Chadwick, C.S. Potten, O. Nikaido, T. Matsunaga, C. Proby & A.R. Young. (1995) The detection of cyclobutane thymine dimers, (6-4) photolesions and the Dewar photoisomers in sections of UV-irradiated human skin using specific antibodies, and the demonstration of depth penetration effects. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 28:2, pages 163-170.
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Judith S. Kinley, Gunnar Brunborg, Johan Moan & Antony R. Young. (2008) DETECTION OF UVR‐INDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN MOUSE EPIDERMIS in vivo USING ALKALINE ELUTION. Photochemistry and Photobiology 61:2, pages 149-158.
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C.A. CHADWICK, C.S. POTTEN, A.J. COHEN & A.R. YOUNG. (2006) The time of onset and duration of 5-methoxypsoralen photochemoprotection from UVR-induced DNA damage in human skin. British Journal of Dermatology 131:4, pages 483-494.
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Judith S. Kinley, Johan Moan, Francesco Dall'Aqua & Antony R. Young. (1994) Quantitative Assessment of Epidermal Melanogenesis in C3H/Tif hr/hr Mice Treated with Topical Furocoumarins and UVA Radiation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 103:1, pages 97-103.
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Dietrich Averbeck. 1994. Photobiology in Medicine. Photobiology in Medicine 71 98 .

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