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Original Article

Mirror treatment of lower limb phantom pain: A case study

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Pages 901-904 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

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Read on this site (9)

Katleho Limakatso, Aidan G. Cashin, Sam Williams, Jack Devonshire, Romy Parker & James H. McAuley. (2023) The Efficacy of Graded Motor Imagery and Its Components on Phantom Limb Pain and Disability: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Canadian Journal of Pain 7:1.
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D. Romano, A. Sedda, R. Dell’Aquila, D. Dalla Costa, G. Beretta, A. Maravita & G. Bottini. (2014) Controlling the alien hand through the mirror box. A single case study of Alien Hand Syndrome. Neurocase 20:3, pages 307-316.
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Helena Knotkova, Ricardo A Cruciani, Volker M Tronnier & Dirk Rasche. (2012) Current and future options for the management of phantom-limb pain. Journal of Pain Research 5, pages 39-49.
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Laura P. Mcavinue & Ian H. Robertson. (2011) Individual differences in response to phantom limb movement therapy. Disability and Rehabilitation 33:22-23, pages 2186-2195.
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Ehsan Modirian, Hadi Shojaei, Mohammad Reza Soroush & Mahdi Masoumi. (2009) Phantom pain in bilateral upper limb amputation. Disability and Rehabilitation 31:22, pages 1878-1881.
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MarkP. Jensen. (2008) The Neurophysiology of Pain Perception and Hypnotic Analgesia: Implications for Clinical Practice. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 51:2, pages 123-148.
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Eric L. Altschuler & Jeong Hu. (2008) Mirror therapy in a patient with a fractured wrist and no active wrist extension. Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery 42:2, pages 110-111.
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Craig D. Murray, Stephen Pettifer, Toby Howard, Emma L. Patchick, Fabrice Caillette, Jai Kulkarni & Candy Bamford. (2007) The treatment of phantom limb pain using immersive virtual reality: Three case studies. Disability and Rehabilitation 29:18, pages 1465-1469.
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Articles from other publishers (75)

Kierra Jean Falbo, Hannah Phelan, Dawn Hackman, Rebecca Vogsland & Tonya L Rich. (2023) Graded motor imagery and its phases for individuals with phantom limb pain following amputation: A scoping review. Clinical Rehabilitation.
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Samatharman Purushothaman, Pankaj Kundra, Muthapillai Senthilnathan, Sarath Chandra Sistla & Shathish Kumar. (2023) Assessment of efficiency of mirror therapy in preventing phantom limb pain in patients undergoing below-knee amputation surgery—a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Anesthesia 37:3, pages 387-393.
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Thiru M Annaswamy, Kanchan Bahirat, Gargi Raval, Yu Yen Chung, Tri Pham & Balakrishnan Prabhakaran. (2022) Clinical feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a novel mixed reality system to manage phantom pain: a pilot study. Pilot and Feasibility Studies 8:1.
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Grant M Drake, Eric J Lam & Benjamin W Cooper. (2022) A Rare Occurrence of Phantom Tongue Pain. Cureus.
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Vesna Pausic, Grigorije Jovanovic, Svetlana Simic & Jelena Knezevic. (2021) Effects of mirror therapy in the treatment of patients with various pain syndromes - literature review. Medicinski pregled Medical review 74:7-8, pages 257-260.
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Calum Gordon, Alba Barbullushi, Stefano Tombolini, Federica Margiotta, Alessia Ciacci, Lama Shekh Yosef, Leon Barker & Matteo Martini. (2019) Visuo–tactile stimulation, but not type of movement, modulates pain during the vision of a moving virtual limb. Pain Management 9:5, pages 449-460.
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Jan Chrastina & Hana Svízelová. (2019) Mirror therapy in post amputation patients with phantom limb pain: a mapping study. Kontakt 21:1, pages 22-31.
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Annie W.-Y. Chan, Emily Bilger, Sarah Griffin, Viktoria Elkis, Sharon Weeks, Lindsay Hussey-Anderson, Paul F. Pasquina, Jack W. Tsao & Chris I. Baker. (2019) Visual responsiveness in sensorimotor cortex is increased following amputation and reduced after mirror therapy. NeuroImage: Clinical 23, pages 101882.
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Marta Villa-Alcázar, Juan Aboitiz, Camino Bengoechea, Isabel Martínez-Romera, Cristina Martínez-Naranjo & Blanca López-Ibor. (2019) Coping With Incongruence: Mirror Therapy to Manage the Phantom Limb Phenomenon in Pediatric Amputee Patients. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 57:1, pages e1-e3.
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Farzaneh Saberi, Laleh Lajevardi, Akram Azad, Leila Mirzaie, Ghorban Taghizadeh & Hossein Ali Abdolrazaghi. (2018) Can mirror visual feedback improve sensory relearning outcomes following median/ulnar nerve repair?. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 25:10, pages 552-559.
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Briana N. Perry, Robert S. Armiger, Mikias Wolde, Kayla A. McFarland, Aimee L. Alphonso, Brett T. Monson, Paul F. Pasquina & Jack W. Tsao. (2018) Clinical Trial of the Virtual Integration Environment to Treat Phantom Limb Pain With Upper Extremity Amputation. Frontiers in Neurology 9.
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Lara Grobler, Wayne Derman, Cheri A. Blauwet, Sean Chetty, Nick Webborn & Babette Pluim. (2018) Pain Management in Athletes With Impairment: A Narrative Review of Management Strategies. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 28:5, pages 457-472.
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Laura Herrador Colmenero, Jose Manuel Perez Marmol, Celia Martí-García, María de los Ángeles Querol Zaldivar, Rosa María Tapia Haro, Adelaida María Castro Sánchez & María Encarnación Aguilar-Ferrándiz. (2018) Effectiveness of mirror therapy, motor imagery, and virtual feedback on phantom limb pain following amputation. Prosthetics & Orthotics International 42:3, pages 288-298.
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Elisabetta Ambron, Alexander Miller, Katherine J. Kuchenbecker, Laurel J. Buxbaum & H. Branch Coslett. (2018) Immersive Low-Cost Virtual Reality Treatment for Phantom Limb Pain: Evidence from Two Cases. Frontiers in Neurology 9.
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Sanne Kikkert, Melvin Mezue, David Henderson Slater, Heidi Johansen-Berg, Irene Tracey & Tamar R. Makin. (2017) Motor correlates of phantom limb pain. Cortex 95, pages 29-36.
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Heun Ju Lee, Ji Young Baek & Chang Beohm Ahn. (2017) A case report of a Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) patient treated with integrative Korean and Western medicine. The Acupuncture 34:3, pages 101-107.
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Katleho Limakatso, Lieselotte Corten & Romy Parker. (2016) The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on phantom limb pain and disability in upper and lower limb amputees: a systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews 5:1.
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Helen Houston, Anne E. Dickerson & Qiang Wu. (2016) Combining the Absence of Electromagnetic Fields and Mirror Therapy to Improve Outcomes for Persons with Lower-Limb Vascular Amputation. JPO Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics 28:4, pages 154-164.
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J. Barbin, V. Seetha, J.M. Casillas, J. Paysant & D. Pérennou. (2016) The effects of mirror therapy on pain and motor control of phantom limb in amputees: A systematic review. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 59:4, pages 270-275.
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Camila Bonin Pinto, Faddi Ghassan Saleh Velez, Nadia Bolognini, David Crandell, Lotfi B Merabet & Felipe Fregni. (2016) Optimizing Rehabilitation for Phantom Limb Pain Using Mirror Therapy and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Randomized, Double–Blind Clinical Trial Study Protocol. JMIR Research Protocols 5:3, pages e138.
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Merlyn Tilak, Serin Anna Isaac, Jebaraj Fletcher, Lenny Thinagaran Vasanthan, Rajalakshmi Sankaran Subbaiah, Andrew Babu, Rohit Bhide & George Tharion. (2016) Mirror Therapy and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Management of Phantom Limb Pain in Amputees - A Single Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Physiotherapy Research International 21:2, pages 109-115.
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Andreas Rothgangel, Susy Braun, Luc de Witte, Anna Beurskens & Rob Smeets. (2016) Development of a Clinical Framework for Mirror Therapy in Patients with Phantom Limb Pain: An Evidence-based Practice Approach. Pain Practice 16:4, pages 422-434.
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Irene Senna, Cristina Russo, Cesare Valerio Parise, Irene Ferrario & Nadia Bolognini. (2015) Altered visual feedback modulates cortical excitability in a mirror-box-like paradigm. Experimental Brain Research 233:6, pages 1921-1929.
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A. Tsay, T.J. Allen, U. Proske & M.J. Giummarra. (2015) Sensing the body in chronic pain: A review of psychophysical studies implicating altered body representation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 52, pages 221-232.
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Jason Timms & Catherine Carus. (2015) Mirror therapy for the alleviation of phantom limb pain following amputation: A literature review. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 22:3, pages 135-145.
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Stefano Brunelli, Giovanni Morone, Marco Iosa, Cristina Ciotti, Roberto De Giorgi, Calogero Foti & Marco Traballesi. (2015) Efficacy of Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Mental Imagery, and Phantom Exercise Training on Phantom Limb: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 96:2, pages 181-187.
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Rashmi Datta & Mridul Dhar. (2015) Mirror therapy: An adjunct to conventional pharmacotherapy in phantom limb pain. Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology 31:4, pages 575.
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Susan Ridley. (2014) Intergenerational study: mirrors as a tool for self-reflection. Working with Older People 18:1, pages 30-44.
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Shruti Niraj & G. Niraj. (2014) Phantom Limb Pain and Its Psychologic Management: A Critical Review. Pain Management Nursing 15:1, pages 349-364.
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Motoyasu Honma, Takuya Yoshiike, Hiroki Ikeda, Yoshiharu Kim & Kenichi Kuriyama. (2014) Sleep Dissolves Illusion: Sleep Withstands Learning of Visuo-Tactile-Proprioceptive Integration Induced by Repeated Days of Rubber Hand Illusion Training. PLoS ONE 9:1, pages e85734.
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