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Original Article

Indications for prehospital spinal immobilization

Pages 251-253 | Received 03 Mar 1999, Accepted 03 Mar 1999, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

James F. Morrissey, Elsie R. Kusel & Karl A. Sporer. (2014) Spinal Motion Restriction: An Educational and Implementation Program to Redefine Prehospital Spinal Assessment and Care. Prehospital Emergency Care 18:3, pages 429-432.
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Thomas M. Dunn, Alice Dalton, Todd Dorfman & William W. Dunn. (2004) ARE EMERGENCY MEDICAL TECHNICIAN–BASICS ABLE TO USE A SELECTIVE IMMOBILIZATION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE PROTOCOL? A PRELIMINARY REPORT. Prehospital Emergency Care 8:2, pages 207-211.
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Douglas A. Cross & Jerry Baskerville. (2001) C OMPARISON OF P ERCEIVED P AIN WITH D IFFERENT I MMOBILIZATION T ECHNIQUES. Prehospital Emergency Care 5:3, pages 270-274.
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Articles from other publishers (42)

Rachel Hodgett & Richard Ward. (2020) Are cervical collars effective and safe in prehospital spinal cord injury management?. Journal of Paramedic Practice 12:2, pages 67-78.
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Bernhard J. Tins. (2017) Imaging investigations in Spine Trauma: The value of commonly used imaging modalities and emerging imaging modalities. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma 8:2, pages 107-115.
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Jill M. Shea, Grant Wei, Colleen M. Donovan, Christopher Bryczkowski, Will Chapleau, Chirag N. Shah, Robert Eisenstein, Joshua Bucher & Clifton R. Lacy. (2017) Medical Management at the Explosive Incident Scene. Annals of Emergency Medicine 69:1, pages S20-S28.
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N. V. ToddD. SkinnerJ. Wilson-MacDonald. (2015) Secondary neurological deterioration in traumatic spinal injury. The Bone & Joint Journal 97-B:4, pages 527-531.
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D Connor, I Greaves, K Porter & M Bloch. (2015) Prehospital spinal immobilisation: an initial consensus statement. Trauma 17:2, pages 146-150.
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Jim Ellis, Ron Courson & Brian Daniels. (2014) Spinal trauma. Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine 7:4, pages 381-386.
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David Conner, Ian Greaves, Keith Porter & Mark Bloch. (2014) Pre-hospital spinal immobilisation: an initial consensus statement. Journal of Paramedic Practice 6:5, pages 242-246.
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Michael Perry & Steve White. 2014. Atlas of Operative Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery. Atlas of Operative Maxillofacial Trauma Surgery 1 66 .
D Connor, I Greaves, K Porter & M Bloch. (2013) Pre-hospital spinal immobilisation: an initial consensus statement. Emergency Medicine Journal 30:12, pages 1067-1069.
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Richard P. Gonzalez, Glenn R. Cummings, Jeremy A. Baker, Amin M. Frotan, Jon D. Simmons, Sydney B. Brevard, Elizabeth Michon, Shanna M. Harlan, Douglas C. Meyers & Charles B. Rodning. (2013) Prehospital Clinical Clearance of the Cervical Spine: A Prospective Study. The American Surgeon 79:11, pages 1213-1217.
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Wilfred C. MezueEphraim OnyiaIzuchukwu C. IlloabachieMark C. ChikaniSamuel C. Ohaegbulam. (2013) Care Related and Transit Neuronal Injuries after Cervical Spine Trauma: State of Care and Practice in Nigeria. Journal of Neurotrauma 30:18, pages 1602-1607.
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Emily G. Kim, Kathleen M. Brown, Julie C. Leonard, David M. Jaffe, Cody S. Olsen & and Nathan Kuppermann. (2013) Variability of Prehospital Spinal Immobilization in Children at Risk for Cervical Spine Injury. Pediatric Emergency Care 29:4, pages 413-418.
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Mark Sochor, Seth Althoff, Dipan Bose, Ronald Maio & Paul Deflorio. (2013) Glass Intact Assures Safe Cervical Spine Protocol. The Journal of Emergency Medicine 44:3, pages 631-636.e1.
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Seth C. Hawkins. (2012) The Relationship Between Ski Patrols and Emergency Medical Services Systems. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 23:2, pages 106-111.
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Jeffrey M. Goodloe & Paul D. Biddinger. 2012. An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine. An Introduction to Clinical Emergency Medicine 115 126 .
Ian Shrier, Patrick Boissy, Simon Brière, Jay Mellette, Luc Fecteau, Gordon O. Matheson, Daniel Garza, Willem H. Meeuwisse, Eli Segal, John Boulay & Russell J. Steele. (2012) Can a Rescuer or Simulated Patient Accurately Assess Motion During Cervical Spine Stabilization Practice Sessions?. Journal of Athletic Training 47:1, pages 42-51.
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Patrick Boissy, Ian Shrier, Simon Brière, Jay Mellete, Luc Fecteau, Gordon O Matheson, Dan Garza, Willem H Meeuwisse, Eli Segal, John Boulay & Russell J Steele. (2011) Effectiveness of Cervical Spine Stabilization Techniques. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 21:2, pages 80-88.
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Howard A. Klausner & Robert B. Dunne. (2012) Survey of Emergency Preparedness in Michigan. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 25:S1, pages S17-S18.
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Thomas A. Brabson & Brett S. Greenfield. 2010. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine 811 839 .
Ronald W. Lindsey & Zbigniew Gugala. 2010. Spine Trauma. Spine Trauma 11 31 .
M. Perry & C. Morris. (2008) Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) and facial trauma: can one size fit all?. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 37:4, pages 309-320.
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Ping Fung Kon Jin, Johann Carel Goslings, Jan Luitse & Kees Jan Ponsen. (2007) A Retrospective Study of Five Clinical Criteria and One Age Criterion for Selective Prehospital Spinal Immobilization. European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 33:4, pages 401-406.
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Bernhard Tins & Victor Cassar-Pullicino. (2007) Controversies in “Clearing” Trauma to the Cervical Spine. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 28:2, pages 94-100.
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Christopher Wagner & Paul Mazurek. (2006) Current practice in pediatric immobilization—an editorial. Air Medical Journal 25:4, pages 144-148.
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B. A. Leidel, K.-G. Kanz & W. Mutschler. (2005) Evidenzbasiertes diagnostisches Vorgehen bei Verdacht auf stumpfes HWS-TraumaPatient management guidelines for blunt cervical spine injuries. Der Unfallchirurg 108:11, pages 905-919.
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Robert M. Domeier, Shirley M. Frederiksen & Kathy Welch. (2005) Prospective Performance Assessment of an Out-of-Hospital Protocol for Selective Spine Immobilization Using Clinical Spine Clearance Criteria. Annals of Emergency Medicine 46:2, pages 123-131.
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Irene Kwan & Frances Bunn. (2012) Effects of Prehospital Spinal Immobilization: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials on Healthy Subjects. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20:1, pages 47-53.
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Ayan Sen. (2005) Spinal Immobilisation in Prehospital Trauma Patient. Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 3, pages 1-3.
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Scott L. DeBoer & Michael Seaver. (2004) Pediatric Spinal Immobilization: C-Spines, Car Seats, and Color-coded Collars. Journal of Emergency Nursing 30:5, pages 481-484.
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B.J. Tins & V.N. Cassar-Pullicino. (2004) Imaging of acute cervical spine injuries: review and outlook. Clinical Radiology 59:10, pages 865-880.
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C. G. T. Morris & É. McCoy. (2004) Clearing the cervical spine in unconscious polytrauma victims, balancing risks and effective screening. Anaesthesia 59:5, pages 464-482.
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Mark Hauswald & Darren Braude. (2002) Spinal immobilization in trauma patients: is it really necessary?. Current Opinion in Critical Care 8:6, pages 566-570.
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Robert M. Domeier, Robert A. Swor, Rawden W. Evans, J. Brian Hancock, William Fales, Jon Krohmer, Shirley M. Frederiksen, Edgardo J. Rivera-Rivera & M. Anthony Schork. (2002) Multicenter Prospective Validation of Prehospital Clinical Spinal Clearance Criteria. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 53:4, pages 744-750.
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R. Mackenzie. (2002) Spinal Injuries. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 148:2, pages 163-171.
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. (2002) Bibliography. Neurosurgery 50:suppl_3, pages S179-S198.
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. (2002) Cervical Spine Immobilization before Admission to the Hospital. Neurosurgery 50:suppl_3, pages S7-S17.
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Geoffrey Stroh & Darren Braude. (2001) Can an out-of-hospital cervical spine clearance protocol identify all patients with injuries? An argument for selective immobilization. Annals of Emergency Medicine 37:6, pages 609-615.
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Irene Kwan, Frances Bunn & Ian G Roberts. (2001) Spinal immobilisation for trauma patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
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R. Mackenzie, I. Greaves & R. Sutcliffe. (2000) Equipment for Immediate Medical Care. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 146:3, pages 232-242.
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. (2000) Part 5: New Guidelines for First Aid. Circulation 102:suppl_1.
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. (2000) Part 5: New Guidelines for First Aid. Resuscitation 46:1-3, pages 93-102.
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R. Mackenzie & R. Sutcliffe. (2000) Pre-hospital Care: The Trapped Patient. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 146:1, pages 39-46.
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