474
Views
47
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Characteristics of external genitalia in pre- and postmenopausal women

, , &
Pages 416-421 | Received 06 Jan 2008, Accepted 09 May 2008, Published online: 03 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (4)

Laura Mernone, Serena Fiacco & Ulrike Ehlert. (2023) Positive body perception and its link to sexual satisfaction in aging women - findings from the Women 40+ Healthy Aging Study. Journal of Women & Aging 35:2, pages 152-167.
Read now
Iuliia Naumova & Camil Castelo-Branco. (2018) Current treatment options for postmenopausal vaginal atrophy. International Journal of Women's Health 10, pages 387-395.
Read now
R.J. Levin. (2015) Sexuality of the ageing female – the underlying physiology. Sexual and Relationship Therapy 30:1, pages 25-36.
Read now
M. Andrikopoulou, L. Michala, S. M. Creighton & L-M. Liao. (2013) The normal vulva in medical textbooks. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 33:7, pages 648-650.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (43)

Olalekan Bukunmi Ogunro & Oladimeji Taiwo Babatunde. 2023. Epigenetics - Regulation and New Perspectives. Epigenetics - Regulation and New Perspectives.
Federica Bevilacqua, Amanda Selk, Colleen Stockdale, Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Tolu Adedipe, Tanja Bohl, Luca Marozio, Fulvio Borella, Niccolò Gallio, Benedetta Pollano, Eleonora Robba, Ilaria Barbierato, Chiara Benedetto & Mario Preti. (2023) The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD) Vulvar Awareness Day Campaign: Knowledge of Vulvovaginal Diseases Among Italian Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease.
Crossref
G.E. Cetera, C.E.M. Merli, V. Boero, C. Caia & P. Vercellini. (2023) Topical estrogens for the treatment of superficial dyspareunia related to genitourinary syndrome of menopause in women with a history of endometriosis: A clinical dilemma. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 288, pages 12-17.
Crossref
Mostafa Seleem, Omneya M Osman, Sanaa G Kashmar & Rehab Lotfy. (2023) Dimensions, Ratios, Volumes, and Weights of the Fatty Parts of the Vulva (Mons Pubis and Labia Majora). Aesthetic Surgery Journal 43:9, pages 1002-1012.
Crossref
Samantha M. Maki, Lauren Vernaleken, F. Dylan Nemes, Kylie Bozic & Jan D. Cioe. (2022) An Analysis of Vulva Appearance in Video Pornography. Sexuality & Culture 27:1, pages 310-325.
Crossref
Rebecca Beni, Lauren Fisher & Georga J. Longhurst. (2022) The importance of diverse and accurate descriptions of genital anatomy in textbooks. Anatomical Sciences Education 15:5, pages 985-988.
Crossref
Neha Agrawal, Pratibha Singh, Navdeep Kaur Ghuman, Charu Sharma, Garima Yadav, Meenakshi Gothwal & Manisha Jhirwal. (2021) The anatomical measurements of vulva in Indian women: A cross‐sectional prospective study. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 158:1, pages 153-161.
Crossref
María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Antonio Martínez-Amat, Vânia Brandão-LoureiroJosé Daniel Jiménez-García, Yolanda Castellote-Caballero & Fidel Hita-Contreras. (2022) Changes in satisfaction with female genital self-image and sexual function after a Qigong exercise intervention in Spanish postmenopausal women: a randomized-controlled trial. Menopause 29:6, pages 693-699.
Crossref
Shaniel T. Bowen, Arijit Dutta, Krystyna Rytel, Steven D. Abramowitch, Rebecca G. Rogers & Pamela A. Moalli. (2022) 3D quantitative analysis of normal clitoral anatomy in nulliparous women by MRI. International Urogynecology Journal 33:6, pages 1649-1657.
Crossref
Gul Nihal Buyuk, Eda Ureyen Ozdemir, Inci Halilzade, Mahmut Kuntay Kokanali & Muzeyyen Gulnur Ozaksit. (2022) Anogenital index and bone mineral density associations after natural and surgical menopause: a preliminary study. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 68:12, pages 1737-1741.
Crossref
Christina N. Schmidt & Tami S. Rowen. (2021) Female Genital Self-Image and Modification. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 18:12, pages 1945-1949.
Crossref
Jessica Lowe & Kirsten I. Black. (2021) Female genital cosmetic surgery. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 61:3, pages 325-327.
Crossref
Jennifer A. Hayes & Meredith J. Temple‐Smith. (2020) What is the anatomical basis of labiaplasty? A review of normative datasets for female genital anatomy. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 61:3, pages 331-338.
Crossref
GABRIELA E. HALDER, CHERYL B. IGLESIA & REBECCA G. ROGERS. (2020) Controversies in Female Genital Cosmetic Surgeries. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 63:2, pages 277-288.
Crossref
Panagiotis Tsikouras, Xanthoula Anthoulaki, Theodora Deftereou, Anastasia Bothou, Anna Chalkidou, Fotis Gasparos, Georgia Saradi, Dimitrios Tzeferakos, Elefterios Chatzimichael, Georgios Iatrakis, Stefanos Zervoudis & Georgios Galazios. 2019. Depigmentation. Depigmentation.
Rossella E. Nappi, Ellis Martini, Laura Cucinella, Silvia Martella, Lara Tiranini, Alessandra Inzoli, Emanuela Brambilla, David Bosoni, Chiara Cassani & Barbara Gardella. (2019) Addressing Vulvovaginal Atrophy (VVA)/Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) for Healthy Aging in Women. Frontiers in Endocrinology 10.
Crossref
Kostis Gyftopoulos, Miltos Matkaris, Aikaterini Vourda & George Sakellaropoulos. (2018) Clinical implications of the anatomical position of the urethra meatus in women with recurrent post-coital cystitis: a case-control study. International Urogynecology Journal 30:8, pages 1351-1357.
Crossref
Holly N. ThomasMegan HammSonya BorreroRachel HessRebecca C. Thurston. (2019) Body Image, Attractiveness, and Sexual Satisfaction Among Midlife Women: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Women's Health 28:1, pages 100-106.
Crossref
Bina Cohen Sacher. 2019. Vulvar Disease. Vulvar Disease 7 19 .
A Kreklau, I Vâz, F Oehme, F Strub, R Brechbühl, C Christmann & A Günthert. (2018) Measurements of a ‘normal vulva’ in women aged 15-84: a cross-sectional prospective single-centre study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 125:13, pages 1656-1661.
Crossref
Caroline M. Mitchell & L. Elaine Waetjen. (2018) Genitourinary Changes with Aging. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 45:4, pages 737-750.
Crossref
Kostis Gyftopoulos. (2018) The aberrant urethral meatus as a possible aetiological factor of recurrent post-coital urinary infections in young women. Medical Hypotheses 113, pages 6-8.
Crossref
Paul L. Wood. (2018) Cosmetic genital surgery in children and adolescents. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 48, pages 137-146.
Crossref
Müjde Özer, Indiana Mortimore, Elise P. Jansma & Margriet G. Mullender. (2018) Labiaplasty: motivation, techniques, and ethics. Nature Reviews Urology 15:3, pages 175-189.
Crossref
Lavinia DomeniciAngela MusellaCarlotta BracchiFrancesca LecceMichele Carlo SchiaviVanessa ColagiovanniViolante Di DonatoClaudia MarchettiFederica TomaoInnocenza PalaiaLudovico MuziiPierluigi Benedetti Panici. (2018) Comparison of Anogenital Distance and Correlation with Vulvo-vaginal Atrophy: A Pilot Study on Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Menopausal Medicine 24:2, pages 108.
Crossref
Benjamin Wolf. 2018. Tumorerkrankungen der Vulva und Vagina. Tumorerkrankungen der Vulva und Vagina 3 14 .
Gabriela A. Cobos & Miriam Keltz Pomeranz. (2017) A General Approach to the Evaluation and the Management of Vulvar Disorders. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 44:3, pages 321-327.
Crossref
Annemette Wildfang Lykkebo, Henrik Christian Drue, Janni Uyen Hoa Lam & Rikke Guldberg. (2017) The Size of Labia Minora and Perception of Genital Appearance: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 21:3, pages 198-203.
Crossref
Pedro Vieira-Baptista, Claudia Marchitelli, Hope K. Haefner, Gilbert Donders & Faustino Pérez-López. (2017) Deconstructing the genitourinary syndrome of menopause. International Urogynecology Journal 28:5, pages 675-679.
Crossref
E. I. Ermakova, V. E. Balan, E. V. Tikhomirova, I. N. Lazareva, A. V. Lapina & E. M. Panina. (2017) Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: diagnosis and principles of treatment (brief clinical recommendations). Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa 17:6, pages 89.
Crossref
Sean A. Runacres & Paul L. Wood. (2016) Cosmetic Labiaplasty in an Adolescent Population. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 29:3, pages 218-222.
Crossref
Haim Krissi, Gadi Ben-Shitrit, Amir Aviram, Adi Yeuda Weintraub, Anat From, Arnon Wiznitzer & Yoav Peled. (2016) Anatomical diversity of the female external genitalia and its association to sexual function. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 196, pages 44-47.
Crossref
Fiona M Lewis. (2015) Vulval symptoms after the menopause – Not all atrophy!. Post Reproductive Health 21:4, pages 146-150.
Crossref
BINA COHEN SACHER. (2015) The Normal Vulva, Vulvar Examination, and Evaluation Tools. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology 58:3, pages 442-452.
Crossref
Justine M. Schober, Nieves Martin Alguacil, R. Scott Cooper, Donald W. Pfaff & Heino F.L. Meyer-Bahlburg. (2015) Self-assessment of anatomy, sexual sensitivity, and function of the labia and vagina. Clinical Anatomy 28:3, pages 355-362.
Crossref
Avita K. Pahwa, Evan S. Siegelman & Lily A. Arya. (2015) Physical examination of the female internal and external genitalia with and without pelvic organ prolapse: A review. Clinical Anatomy 28:3, pages 305-313.
Crossref
Daegeun LeeTae-Hee KimHae-Hyeog LeeJun-Mo KimDong-Su JeonYeon-Suk Kim. (2015) A Pilot Study of the Impacts of Menopause on the Anogenital Distance. Journal of Menopausal Medicine 21:1, pages 41.
Crossref
Debby Herbenick, Michael Reece, Vanessa Schick & Stephanie A. Sanders. (2014) Erect Penile Length and Circumference Dimensions of 1,661 Sexually Active Men in the United States. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 11:1, pages 93-101.
Crossref
Sarah E. Johns, Lucy A. Hargrave & Nicholas E. Newton-Fisher. (2012) Red Is Not a Proxy Signal for Female Genitalia in Humans. PLoS ONE 7:4, pages e34669.
Crossref
Shin Young WhangKyung-Sik AhnDeuk Jae SungBeom Jin ParkMin Ju KimSung Bum ChoNam Joon Lee. (2011) Female External Genitalia and Urethra on MR Imaging: Optimal Pulse Sequence and Comparison of Anatomy in Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women. Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 15:2, pages 146.
Crossref
Virginia Braun. (2010) Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge and Contemporary Debates. Journal of Women's Health 19:7, pages 1393-1407.
Crossref
Lúcia Alves Da Silva Lara, Alfredo Ribeiro Da Silva, Júlio César Rosa‐e‐Silva, Fernando Chaud, Marcos Felipe Silva‐de‐Sá, Antônio Renato Meireles e Silva & Ana Carolina Japur De Sá Rosa‐e‐Silva. (2009) Menopause Leading to Increased Vaginal Wall Thickness in Women with Genital Prolapse: Impact on Sexual Response. The Journal of Sexual Medicine 6:11, pages 3097-3110.
Crossref
Santiago Palacios. (2009) Managing urogenital atrophy. Maturitas 63:4, pages 315-318.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.