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Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy Volume 10, 2008 - Issue 2
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Original Article

The five D's of botulinum toxin: Doses, dilution, diffusion, duration and dogma

Ana Paula de Sa Earp The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Dermatology, New York, NY, USACorrespondence[email protected]
&
Ellen S. Marmur The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Dermatology, New York, NY, USA
Pages 93-102 | Received 20 Dec 2007, Accepted 25 Dec 2007, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

Citations (17)

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Read on this site (2)

Soo-Keun Lee & Hee Jin Jun. (2018) Esotropia following botulinum toxin type A injection for facial wrinkles. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 20:1, pages 50-51.
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Frank J Lebeda, Regina Z Cer, Robert M Stephens & Uma Mudunuri. (2010) Temporal characteristics of botulinum neurotoxin therapy. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 10:1, pages 93-103.
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Articles from other publishers (15)

Robyn Siperstein. (2023) Review of Botulinum Toxin Uptake and Novel Theory Regarding Potential Spread Days After Injection. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 43:8, pages 887-892.
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Carol Munsterman, Theresa Broussard & Penelope Strauss. (2022) Botulinum Toxin A Injection and Perianesthesia Neuromuscular Monitoring: Case Report and Review. Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing 37:1, pages 11-18.
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Kevin Phan, Shannon Younessi, Danielle Dubin, Matthew J. Lin & Hooman Khorasani. (2021) Emerging off‐label esthetic uses of botulinum toxin in dermatology . Dermatologic Therapy 35:1.
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Adilson Tolfo de Oliveira, Sylvia de Araújo Paes-Souza, Marco Antonio Cavalcanti Garcia, Claudia Trindade Mattos & Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves Nojima. (2021) Therapeutic effects of botulinum toxin type A in subjects with gummy smile: A longitudinal sEMG approach. International Orthodontics 19:4, pages 652-658.
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M. Haiun, L. Cardon-Fréville, F. Picard, J.-P. Meningaud & B. Hersant. (2019) Particularités des injections de toxine botulique pour le traitement esthétique du visage chez l’homme. Une mise au point de la littérature. Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique 64:3, pages 259-265.
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Jeffrey S. DoverGary MonheitMark GreenerAndy Pickett. (2018) Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetic Medicine: Myths and Realities. Dermatologic Surgery 44:2, pages 249-260.
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Murad Alam, Hayes B. Gladstone & David M. Ozog. 2017. Botulinum Toxins. Botulinum Toxins 109 119 .
Michael A. C. Kane & Gary Monheit. (2017) The Practical Use of AbobotulinumtoxinA in Aesthetics. Aesthetic Surgery Journal 37:suppl_1, pages S12-S19.
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Levy Nunes, José Peixoto Ferrão Junior, Stephanie A. Feres Teixeira, Luiz Fernando Lobo Leandro & Henry Arturo García Guevara. (2015) Tratamiento de la sonrisa gingival con la toxina botulínica tipo A: caso clínico. Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial 37:4, pages 229-232.
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Doris Hexsel & Taciana Dal’Forno Dini. (2014) Advanced Botulinum Toxin Injections for Dynamic Rhytides: Treating the Upper Face, Lower Face, and Beyond. Current Dermatology Reports 3:2, pages 103-112.
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Doris Hexsel & Cristiano Brum. 2013. Update in Cosmetic Dermatology. Update in Cosmetic Dermatology 131 143 .
Doris Hexsel, Cristiano Brum, Débora Zechmeister do Prado, Mariana Soirefmann, Francisco Telechea Rotta, Taciana Dal’Forno & Ticiana C. Rodrigues. (2012) Field effect of two commercial preparations of botulinum toxin type A: A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 67:2, pages 226-232.
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Camile Hexsel, Doris Hexsel, Manoela Donida Porto, Juliana Schilling & Carolina Siega. (2011) Botulinum toxin type A for aging face and aesthetic uses. Dermatologic Therapy 24:1, pages 54-61.
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Luis Javier López del Val, Alfonso Castro García & Elena López García. 2010. Toxina Botulínica. Toxina Botulínica 17 46 .
V. Gassia & T. Michaud. (2009) Les techniques d’injection du haut du visage : front et glabelle, pattes d’oie, région péri-oculaire. Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie 136, pages S104-S110.
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