19,420
Views
67
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Practice Guideline

Dextromethorphan poisoning: An evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management

, Pharm.D., , M.D., , Pharm.D., , M.S.N., , Pharm.D., , M.D., , M.P.H. , M.D., , Pharm.D., , M.P.H. , M.D., , Pharm.D. & , Pharm.D. show all
Pages 662-677 | Received 24 May 2007, Accepted 24 May 2007, Published online: 07 Oct 2008

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (4)

Ana Rita Silva & Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira. (2020) Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dextromethorphan: clinical and forensic aspects. Drug Metabolism Reviews 52:2, pages 258-282.
Read now
Charles R Caffrey & Patrick M Lank. (2018) When good times go bad: managing ‘legal high’ complications in the emergency department. Open Access Emergency Medicine 10, pages 9-23.
Read now
MathiasB. Forrester. (2011) Dextromethorphan Abuse in Texas, 2000–2009. Journal of Addictive Diseases 30:3, pages 243-247.
Read now
Matthew D. Wilson, Rennie W. Ferguson, Maryann E. Mazer & Toby L. Litovitz. (2011) Monitoring trends in dextromethorphan abuse using the National Poison Data System: 2000–2010. Clinical Toxicology 49:5, pages 409-415.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (63)

Jeanna M. Marraffa. 2024. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 571 573 .
Miski Aghnia Khairinisa, Mohammed Alfaqeeh, Syauqi Nawwar Rafif, Fajar Oktavian Muljono & Michelle Natasha Colin. (2023) Cannabis and Other Substance Misuse: Implications and Regulations. Toxics 11:9, pages 756.
Crossref
I. Claudet. (2023) Intoxicaciones domésticas accidentales en la infancia. EMC - Pediatría 58:3, pages 1-22.
Crossref
Priyanka Pravinbhai Hotha, Rachna Gupta & Manish Narang. (2023) Dextromethorphan-Induced Altered Level of Consciousness in Children: A Case Series. Current Drug Safety 18:3, pages 389-392.
Crossref
Elliot W. McClure & R. Nathan Daniels. (2023) Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Dextromethorphan (DXM). ACS Chemical Neuroscience 14:12, pages 2256-2270.
Crossref
Shintaro Shimozawa, Daisuke Usuda, Toru Sasaki, Shiho Tsuge, Riki Sakurai, Kenji Kawai, Shun Matsubara, Risa Tanaka, Makoto Suzuki, Yuta Hotchi, Shungo Tokunaga, Ippei Osugi, Risa Katou, Sakurako Ito, Suguru Asako, Kentaro Mishima, Akihiko Kondo, Keiko Mizuno, Hiroki Takami, Takayuki Komatsu, Jiro Oba, Tomohisa Nomura & Manabu Sugita. (2023) High doses of dextromethorphan induced shock and convulsions in a 19-year-old female: A case report. World Journal of Clinical Cases 11:16, pages 3870-3876.
Crossref
Justin A. Seltzer, Sarika K. Sheth, Sarah Friedland, Emily Foreman, Caitlin Toney, Raveen Raviendran, Michele A. McDaniel & Daniel R. Lasoff. (2022) Life-threatening pediatric dextromethorphan polistirex overdose. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 61, pages 233.e1-233.e2.
Crossref
Jiao-jiao Ji, Junbo Zhao, Ping Xiang, Hui Yan & Min Shen. (2022) Chiral analysis of dextromethorphan and levomethorphan in human hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicology 40:2, pages 312-321.
Crossref
Rohan Mital, Maribeth C. Lovegrove, Ruth N. Moro, Andrew I. Geller, Nina J. Weidle, Jennifer N. Lind & Daniel S. Budnitz. (2021) US emergency department visits for acute harms from over‐the‐counter cough and cold medications, 2017–2019 . Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 31:2, pages 225-234.
Crossref
Yoseva Hotnauli & Muhammad Surya Husada. (2021) Psychotic Disorder due to the Use of Marijuana, Dextromethorphan, and Caffeine: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9:T3, pages 130-134.
Crossref
Pierre-Louis Declercq, Jean-Pierre Eraldi, Marion Beuzelin, Stéphanie Gélinotte, Antoine Marchalot, François Bougerol, Delphine Allorge, Marie-Anne Loriot, Nicolas Paret, Bruno Mégarbane & Jean-Philippe Rigaud. (2021) Severe serotonin syndrome caused by an interaction between an antidepressant and a cough syrup. Therapies 76:3, pages 249-252.
Crossref
Abolanle A. Kayode, Omowumi T. Kayode & Opemipo J. Oridota. (2021) Alterations in the biochemical indices in Wistar rats exposed to an overdose of codeine and dextromethorphan. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences 16:2, pages 198-208.
Crossref
Laura Watt & Edward Sisco. (2020) Detection of trace drugs of abuse in baby formula using solid‐phase microextraction direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (SPME‐DART‐MS). Journal of Forensic Sciences 66:1, pages 172-178.
Crossref
Jagoda Pasic & Margaret A. Cashman. 2021. Behavioral Emergencies for Healthcare Providers. Behavioral Emergencies for Healthcare Providers 59 74 .
Sara Manti, Maria Angela Tosca, Amelia Licari, Ilaria Brambilla, Thomas Foiadelli, Giorgio Ciprandi & Gian Luigi Marseglia. (2020) Cough Remedies for Children and Adolescents: Current and Future Perspectives. Pediatric Drugs 22:6, pages 617-634.
Crossref
Amberly R. Johnson, Casey R. Tak, Kathleen Anderson, Bradley Dahl, Cathie Smith & Barbara I. Crouch. (2020) Poison-related visits in a pediatric emergency department: A retrospective analysis of patients who bypass poison control centers. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38:8, pages 1554-1559.
Crossref
Hassan Jamali & Azhdar Heydari. (2020) Effect of dextromethorphan/quinidine on pentylenetetrazole- induced clonic and tonic seizure thresholds in mice. Neuroscience Letters 729, pages 134988.
Crossref
Mashal Khan & Anil Thomas. 2020. Absolute Addiction Psychiatry Review. Absolute Addiction Psychiatry Review 205 230 .
Sharon L. Crowell‐Davis, Thomas F. Murray & Leticia Mattos DantasNiwako Ogata & Leticia Mattos de Souza Dantas. 2019. Veterinary Psychopharmacology. Veterinary Psychopharmacology 171 183 .
Christopher Akiba, Jeremy C. Kane, Stephanie Skavenski van Wyk, Ravi Paul, Chombalelo Mukunta & Laura K. Murray. (2018) Treatment of an HIV-affected adolescent with heroin dependence in a low-income country: A clinical case study from Zambia. Addictive Behaviors Reports 8, pages 170-175.
Crossref
Brian A. Baldo. (2018) Opioid analgesic drugs and serotonin toxicity (syndrome): mechanisms, animal models, and links to clinical effects. Archives of Toxicology 92:8, pages 2457-2473.
Crossref
J.J. Rasimas & Courtney M. Sinclair. (2017) Assessment and Management of Toxidromes in the Critical Care Unit. Critical Care Clinics 33:3, pages 521-541.
Crossref
Tom MunyerJames Leonard & Bruce Anderson. 2017. PharmacotherapyFirst: A Multimedia Learning Resource. PharmacotherapyFirst: A Multimedia Learning Resource.
Shihui Bao, Jing Zhang, Zixia Lin, Ke Su, Jingjing Mo, Lin Hong, Shuyi Qian, Lianguo Chen, Fa Sun, Congcong Wen, Qing Wu, Lufeng Hu, Guanyang Lin & Xianqin Wang. (2017) Serum metabolic changes in rats after intragastric administration of dextromethorphan. Biomedical Chromatography 31:3, pages e3814.
Crossref
Kiyoshi Fukuhara, Akiko Ohno & Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri. (2017) A Metabolic Study on the Biochemical Effects of Chiral Illegal Drugs in Rats Using <sup>1</sup>H-NMR Spectroscopy. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 137:9, pages 1147-1154.
Crossref
Shobha Regmi, Balmukunda Regmi, Sajan Lal Shyaula, Shiva Pathak, Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai & Saroj Kumar Sah. (2017) In Vitro Study of Adsorption Kinetics of Dextromethorphan Syrup onto Activated Charcoal in Simulated Gastric and Intestinal Fluids. Journal of Chemistry 2017, pages 1-7.
Crossref
S.J. Traub & M.D. Levine. 2017. Critical Care Neurology Part II. Critical Care Neurology Part II 485 505 .
I. Claudet. (2016) Intoxications domestiques accidentelles de l’enfant. Journal de Pédiatrie et de Puériculture 29:5, pages 244-268.
Crossref
Humera Shafi, Muhammad Imran, Hafiz Faisal Usman, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Ashraf Tahir, Rabia Naveed, Muhammad Zar Ashiq & Ammar M. Tahir. (2016) Deaths due to abuse of dextromethorphan sold over-the-counter in Pakistan. Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6:3, pages 280-283.
Crossref
Toby Litovitz, Blaine E. Benson & Susan Smolinske. (2016) webPOISONCONTROL: can poison control be automated?. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 34:8, pages 1614-1619.
Crossref
Amar K. Durgannavar, Manjanath B. Patgar, Sharanappa T. Nandibewoor & Shivamurti A. Chimatadar. (2016) Fluorescent bovine serum albumin interacting with the antitussive quencher dextromethorphan: a spectroscopic insight. Luminescence 31:3, pages 843-850.
Crossref
David Vearrier, Laura Vearrier, Rita McKeever, Jolene Okaneku, Gregory LaSala, David Goldberger & Kristin McCloskey. (2016) Issues in driving impairment. Disease-a-Month 62:4, pages 72-116.
Crossref
Linda Nguyen, Kelan L. Thomas, Brandon P. Lucke-Wold, John Z. Cavendish, Molly S. Crowe & Rae R. Matsumoto. (2016) Dextromethorphan: An update on its utility for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 159, pages 1-22.
Crossref
I. Claudet. (2015) Intoxicaciones domésticas accidentales en la infancia. EMC - Pediatría 50:4, pages 1-19.
Crossref
Steven Karch & Olaf Drummer. 2015. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, Fifth Edition. Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, Fifth Edition 697 754 .
Laura Simone & Yaron Finkelstein. (2015) The Boy With Kaleidoscope Eyes. Pediatric Emergency Care 31:9, pages 677-679.
Crossref
Anna Bertaso, Giacomo Musile, Rossella Gottardo, Catia Seri & Franco Tagliaro. (2015) Chiral analysis of methorphan in opiate-overdose related deaths by using capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography B 1000, pages 130-135.
Crossref
R. Giorgetti, D. Marcotulli, A. Tagliabracci & F. Schifano. (2015) Effects of ketamine on psychomotor, sensory and cognitive functions relevant for driving ability. Forensic Science International 252, pages 127-142.
Crossref
Aleksandra Piątek, Małgorzata Koziarska-Rościszewska & Jolanta B. Zawilska. (2015) Rekreacyjne używanie leków dostępnych w odręcznej sprzedaży: odurzanie i doping mózgu. Alcoholism and Drug Addiction 28:1, pages 65-77.
Crossref
Fabrizio Schifano, Laura Orsolini, G. Duccio Papanti & John M. Corkery. (2015) Novel psychoactive substances of interest for psychiatry. World Psychiatry 14:1, pages 15-26.
Crossref
Suzanne Franki & Sarah B. Johnson. (2014) Trends and Treatment of Adolescent Street Drug Use. Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology News 19:3, pages 5-8.
Crossref
J.M. Marraffa. 2014. Encyclopedia of Toxicology. Encyclopedia of Toxicology 45 46 .
Janice E. Sullivan & Mark J. McDonald. 2014. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine 695 727 .
Nasim Zamani & Omid Mehrpour. (2013) Outpatient treatment of the poisoned patients in Iran; may it be a feasible plan?. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 21:1.
Crossref
Maribeth C. Lovegrove, Stephanie Hon, Robert J. Geller, Kathleen O. Rose, Lee M. Hampton, Jill Bradley & Daniel S. Budnitz. (2013) Efficacy of Flow Restrictors in Limiting Access of Liquid Medications by Young Children. The Journal of Pediatrics 163:4, pages 1134-1139.e1.
Crossref
Federica Bortolotti, Anna Bertaso, Rossella Gottardo, Giacomo Musile & Franco Tagliaro. (2013) Dextromethorphan/levomethorphan issues in a case of opiate overdose. Drug Testing and Analysis 5:9-10, pages 781-784.
Crossref
Jagoda Pasic & Margaret Cashman. 2013. Behavioral Emergencies for the Emergency Physician. Behavioral Emergencies for the Emergency Physician 36 45 .
. 2013. Behavioral Emergencies for the Emergency Physician. Behavioral Emergencies for the Emergency Physician 19 52 .
Jennifer A Gershman & Andrea D Fass. (2013) Dextromethorphan Abuse: A Literature Review. Journal of Pharmacy Technology 29:2, pages 66-71.
Crossref
Teri Moser Woo & James R. Hanley. (2013) “How High Do They Look?”: Identification and Treatment of Common Ingestions in Adolescents. Journal of Pediatric Health Care 27:2, pages 135-144.
Crossref
Stephen Thornton & Binh T. Ly. 2013. Emergency Medicine. Emergency Medicine 1334 1342.e1 .
Donald G. Barceloux. 2012. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse. Medical Toxicology of Drug Abuse 527 538 .
Daniel E. Brooks, Michael Levine, Ayrn D. O'Connor, Robert N.E. French & Steven C. Curry. (2011) Toxicology in the ICU. Chest 140:4, pages 1072-1085.
Crossref
Bonnie Kaplan, Jennie Buchanan & Mori J. Krantz. (2011) QTc prolongation due to dextromethorphan. International Journal of Cardiology 148:3, pages 363-364.
Crossref
Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Maiko Kawamura, Atsuko Miyajima, Momoko Sunouchi & Yukihiro Goda. (2011) Chiral analyses of dextromethorphan/levomethorphan and their metabolites in rat and human samples using LC-MS/MS. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 400:1, pages 165-174.
Crossref
Zheng Xu, Frederick E. Williams & Ming‐Cheh Liu. (2010) Developmental toxicity of dextromethorphan in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Journal of Applied Toxicology 31:2, pages 157-163.
Crossref
Hiroyuki Kinoshita, Takuya Ohkubo, Mutsuko Yasuda & Fumiatsu Yakushiji. (2011) Serotonin syndrome induced by dextromethorphan (Medicon) administrated at the conventional dose. Geriatrics & Gerontology International 11:1, pages 121-122.
Crossref
Barry K. Logan. (2009) Combined Dextromethorphan and Chlorpheniramine Intoxication in Impaired Drivers. Journal of Forensic Sciences 54:5, pages 1176-1180.
Crossref
Sofya Pugach & Isaac Z. Pugach. (2009) Overdose in Infant Caused by Over-the-Counter Cough Medicine. Southern Medical Journal 102:4, pages 440-442.
Crossref
Frank Romanelli & Kelly M. Smith. (2009) Dextromethorphan abuse: Clinical effects and management. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 49:2, pages e20-e27.
Crossref
Horst Berzewski. 2009. Der psychiatrische Notfall. Der psychiatrische Notfall 187 257 .
Richard J. Bodnar. (2008) Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2007. Peptides 29:12, pages 2292-2375.
Crossref
Hylke Vervaeke. 2008. Drugs en alcohol; Gebruik, misbruik en verslaving. Drugs en alcohol; Gebruik, misbruik en verslaving 369 406 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.