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Clinical Toxicology Volume 46, 2008 - Issue 1
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Practice Guideline

Elemental mercury exposure: An evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management

E. Martin Caravati American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, M.P.H. , M.D.,
Andrew R. Erdman American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, M.D.,
Gwenn Christianson American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, M.S.N.,
Lewis S. Nelson American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, M.D.,
Alan D. Woolf American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, M.P.H. , M.D.,
Lisa L. Booze American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D.,
Daniel J. Cobaugh American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D.,
Peter A. Chyka American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D.,
Elizabeth J. Scharman American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D.,
Anthony S. Manoguerra American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D. &
William G. Troutman American Association of Poison Control Centers, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
, Pharm.D. show all
Pages 1-21 | Received 09 Apr 2007, Accepted 09 Apr 2007, Published online: 07 Oct 2008

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Yujie Pan & Yuguo Song. (2022) Broken thermometer in hand: mercury elevation caused by improper debridement. Clinical Toxicology 60:5, pages 654-656.
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Fatma Erden, Erol Rauf Agis, Meside Gunduzoz & Omer Hinc Yilmaz. (2019) Fixed drug eruption due To 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) treatment for mercury poisoning: a rare adverse effect. Acta Clinica Belgica 74:3, pages 200-202.
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Mathias B. Forrester. (2017) Comparison of single- and multiple-person mercury exposures. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 72:5, pages 299-302.
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Felix Beckers & Jörg Rinklebe. (2017) Cycling of mercury in the environment: Sources, fate, and human health implications: A review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 47:9, pages 693-794.
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Serife Gul Oz, Mukaddes Tozlu, Songul Siddika Yalcin, Tumay Sozen & Gulay Sain Guven. (2012) Mercury vapor inhalation and poisoning of a family. Inhalation Toxicology 24:10, pages 652-658.
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Kennon J. Heard, Nathan R. Cleveland & Shay Krier. (2009) The effect of olanzapine pretreatment on acute cocaine toxicity in mice. Clinical Toxicology 47:6, pages 542-544.
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Nourdine Attiya, Rkia Fattahi, Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch, Ahmed El-haidani, Samir El Jaafari & Younes Filali-Zegzouti. (2023) Mercurial risk from dental amalgam use in a population of Moroccan dentists: A latent class regression approach. International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine 34:4, pages 313-323.
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Xi Xu, Yu-Qing Wang, Chen-Yin Dong, Chun-Ping Hu, Li-Na Zhang, Zhen-Yan Gao, Min-Ming Li, Su-Su Wang & Chong-Huai Yan. (2023) Determinants affecting the blood mercury levels of preschool children in Shanghai, China: A cross-sectional study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 30:39, pages 90980-90992.
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Mahendra Yadav, Komal Rani, Nidhi Sandal & Meenakshi Kanwar Chauhan. (2022) An approach towards safe and sustainable use of the green alga Chlorella for removal of radionuclides and heavy metal ions. Journal of Applied Phycology 34:4, pages 2117-2133.
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Jacky Ganguly, Dinkar Kulshreshtha & Mandar Jog. (2021) Mercury and Movement Disorders: The Toxic Legacy Continues. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49:4, pages 493-501.
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Maria Jensen, David Andrés Combariza Bayona & Kam Sripada. (2021) Mercury Exposure among E-Waste Recycling Workers in Colombia: Perceptions of Safety, Risk, and Access to Health Information. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:17, pages 9295.
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Kelly Johnson‐Arbor, Eshetu Tefera & John FarrellJrJr. (2021) Characteristics and treatment of elemental mercury intoxication: A case series. Health Science Reports 4:2.
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Iwona Zwolak. (2021) Epigallocatechin Gallate for Management of Heavy Metal-Induced Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Concerns. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22:8, pages 4027.
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Siwen An, Faisal Zeeshan, Börje Norlin & Göran Thungström. (2021) Effects of Water Absorption on Mercury Contamination in Fiberbank Sediments using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 690:1, pages 012031.
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Jan Magdalan, Tomasz Sozański, Karolina Nowak & Marcin Zawadzki. (2021) Acute intranasal intoxication with mercuric chloride taken accidently instead of cocaine - A case report. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 78, pages 102129.
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Sudheer Tale, Mrudula Kolli, Soibam Pahel, Sivaji Pudi & Anil Garbhapu. (2021) “An unusual cause of pain abdomen”: Acute mercury poisoning. Digital Medicine 7:1, pages 6.
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Amberly R. Johnson, Casey R. Tak, Kathleen Anderson, Bradley Dahl, Cathie Smith & Barbara I. Crouch. (2020) Poison-related visits in a pediatric emergency department: A retrospective analysis of patients who bypass poison control centers. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 38:8, pages 1554-1559.
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Monica Lu & Sofia Khera. (2020) Autoimmune Manifestations of Acute Mercury Toxicity. Clinical Pediatrics 59:8, pages 816-818.
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Mercy Wendy Wanyana, Friday E. Agaba, Deogratias K. Sekimpi, Victoria N. Mukasa, Geoffrey N. Kamese, Nkonge Douglas & John C. Ssempebwa. (2020) Mercury Exposure Among Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Miners in Four Regions in Uganda. Journal of Health and Pollution 10:26.
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Sukhshant K. Atti, Elizabeth M. Silver, Yera Chokshi, Sue Casteel, Emily Kiernan, Rogelio dela Cruz, Ziad Kazzi & Robert J. Geller. (2020) All that glitters is not gold: Mercury poisoning in a family mimicking an infectious illness. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 50:2, pages 100758.
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Gregor Norčič, Žan Čebron, Primož Sever, Jan Grosek & Aleš Tomažič. (2019) Laparoscopic appendectomy for elemental mercury sequestration in the appendix: A case report. World Journal of Clinical Cases 7:9, pages 1038-1042.
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Jorge Cortes, Jaime Peralta & Rienzi Díaz-Navarro. (2018) Acute respiratory syndrome following accidental inhalation of mercury vapor. Clinical Case Reports 6:8, pages 1535-1537.
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Tom MunyerJames Leonard & Bruce Anderson. 2017. PharmacotherapyFirst: A Multimedia Learning Resource. PharmacotherapyFirst: A Multimedia Learning Resource.
Jakub Smiechowicz, Anna Skoczynska, Agata Nieckula-Szwarc, Katarzyna Kulpa & Andrzej Kübler. (2017) Occupational mercury vapour poisoning with a respiratory failure, pneumomediastinum and severe quadriparesis. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 5, pages 2050313X1769547.
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Salma K. Al-Musharafi. (2016) Heavy Metals in Sewage Treated Effluents: Pollution and Microbial Bioremediation from Arid Regions. The Open Biotechnology Journal 10:Suppl-2, M8, pages 352-362.
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Toby Litovitz, Blaine E. Benson & Susan Smolinske. (2016) webPOISONCONTROL: can poison control be automated?. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 34:8, pages 1614-1619.
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Supriya Bisht & Somalika Pal. (2015) Ingestion of Mercury from Broken Thermometer in a 2 year old Child. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics 82:6, pages 573-574.
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Gonul Cicek-Senturk, Fatma Aybala Altay, Aysegul Ulu-Kilic, Yunus Gurbuz, Ediz Tutuncu & Irfan Sencan. (2014) Acute mercury poisoning presenting as fever of unknown origin in an adult woman: a case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports 8:1.
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Teresa Lech. (2014) ICP OES and CV AAS in determination of mercury in an unusual fatal case of long-term exposure to elemental mercury in a teenager. Forensic Science International 237, pages e1-e5.
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Raghavendra K, Suresh Babu MT, Basavanthappa SP, Srinivasa V, Srinivasa Murthy, Rajath Pejaver & Nikhil PT. (2014) An Unusual Case of Acute Mercury Poisoning in a Neonate. Pediatric Oncall 11:3.
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Hurşit Apa, Salih Gözmen, Nuri Bayram, Asl Çatkoğlu, Fatma Devrim, Utku Karaarslan, İlker Günay, Nurettin Ünal & İlker Devrim. (2013) Clinical Accuracy of Tympanic Thermometer and Noncontact Infrared Skin Thermometer in Pediatric Practice. Pediatric Emergency Care 29:9, pages 992-997.
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Kursat Bora Carman, Engin Tutkun, Hinc Yilmaz, Cengiz Dilber, Tahir Dalkiran, Baris Cakir, Didem Arslantas, Yildirim Cesaretli & Selin Aktaş Aykanat. (2013) Acute mercury poisoning among children in two provinces of Turkey. European Journal of Pediatrics 172:6, pages 821-827.
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C. G. Teran, J. Torrez‐Llanos, T. E. Teran‐Miranda, C. Balderrama, N. S. Shah & P. Villarroel. (2011) Clinical accuracy of a non‐contact infrared skin thermometer in paediatric practice. Child: Care, Health and Development 38:4, pages 471-476.
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Basak nur Akyildiz, Meda Kondolot, Selim Kurtoğlu & Bahadir Konuşkan. (2012) Case Series of Mercury Toxicity Among Children in a Hot, Closed Environment. Pediatric Emergency Care 28:3, pages 254-258.
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Sezgin Sarikaya, Ozgur Karcioglu, Didem Ay, Aslı Cetin, Can Aktas & Mustafa Serinken. (2010) Acute mercury poisoning: a case report. BMC Emergency Medicine 10:1.
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Robin Lee, Dan Middleton, Kathleen Caldwell, Steve Dearwent, Steven Jones, Brian Lewis, Carolyn Monteilh, Mary Ellen Mortensen, Richard Nickle, Kenneth Orloff, Meghan Reger, John Risher, Helen Schurz Rogers & Michelle Watters. (2010) A review of events that expose children to elemental mercury in the United States. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 15:2, pages 585-598.
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Daniel E. Rusyniak, Anna Arroyo, Jennifer Acciani, Blake Froberg, Louise Kao & Brent Furbee. 2010. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology. Molecular, Clinical and Environmental Toxicology 365 396 .
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Paolo D. Pigatto & Gianpaolo Guzzi. (2008) Systemic allergic dermatitis syndrome caused by mercury. Contact Dermatitis 59:1, pages 66-66.
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