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Chronic toxicology of cannabis

Pages 517-524 | Received 27 Apr 2009, Accepted 28 May 2009, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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Eman I. Draz, Mervat M. Oreby, Eman A. Elsheikh, Lamia A. Khedr & Salwa A. Atlam. (2017) Marijuana use in acute coronary syndromes. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 43:5, pages 576-582.
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Daniela Flores Mosri. (2017) A neuropsychoanalytic understanding and treatment for a borderline patient who used cannabis. Neuropsychoanalysis 19:1, pages 87-101.
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Joseph J. Palamar, Michael Fenstermaker, Dimita Kamboukos, Danielle C. Ompad, Charles M. Cleland & Michael Weitzman. (2014) Adverse psychosocial outcomes associated with drug use among US high school seniors: a comparison of alcohol and marijuana. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 40:6, pages 438-446.
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MargaretM. Kotz. (2013) Reefer Sadness. Journal of Addictive Diseases 32:3, pages 320-322.
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MelissaK. Richmond, Katie Page, LauraS. Rivera, Brie Reimann & Leigh Fischer. (2013) Trends in Detection Rates of Risky Marijuana Use in Colorado Health Care Settings. Substance Abuse 34:3, pages 248-255.
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Articles from other publishers (63)

Katrin Skala, Thomas Trabi, Martin Fuchs, Ralf Gössler, Christian-Wilhelm Haas-Stockmair, Nicole Kriechbaumer, Monika Leitner, Nora Ortner, Melanie Reiter, Christian Müller & Wolfgang Wladika. (2022) Cannabisgebrauch bei JugendlichenCannabis use in adolescents. neuropsychiatrie 37:4, pages 175-195.
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Sarunya Kitdumrongthum & Dunyaporn Trachootham. (2023) An Individuality of Response to Cannabinoids: Challenges in Safety and Efficacy of Cannabis Products. Molecules 28:6, pages 2791.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. 2023. Cannabis Use, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Treatment. Cannabis Use, Neurobiology, Psychology, and Treatment 93 112 .
Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Novel Insights into Potential Cannabis-Related Cancerogenesis from Recent Key Whole Epigenome Screen of Cannabis Dependence and Withdrawal: Epidemiological Commentary and Explication of Schrott et al.. Genes 14:1, pages 32.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003–2017: part 3 – spatiotemporal, multivariable and causal inferential pathfinding and exploratory analyses of prostate and ovarian cancers. Archives of Public Health 80:1.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003–2017: part 1 – continuous bivariate analysis. Archives of Public Health 80:1.
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Melina Wiedmann, Sören Kuitunen-Paul, Lukas Andreas Basedow, Max Wolff, Nataliya DiDonato, Julia Franzen, Wolfgang Wagner, Veit Roessner & Yulia Golub. (2022) DNA methylation changes associated with cannabis use and verbal learning performance in adolescents: an exploratory whole genome methylation study. Translational Psychiatry 12:1.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Epidemiology of Δ8THC-Related Carcinogenesis in USA: A Panel Regression and Causal Inferential Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:13, pages 7726.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Geospatiotemporal and causal inference study of cannabis and other drugs as risk factors for female breast cancer USA 2003–2017. Environmental Epigenetics 8:1.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Geotemporospatial and causal inferential epidemiological overview and survey of USA cannabis, cannabidiol and cannabinoid genotoxicity expressed in cancer incidence 2003–2017: part 2 – categorical bivariate analysis and attributable fractions. Archives of Public Health 80:1.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2022) Cannabinoid and substance relationships of European congenital anomaly patterns: a space-time panel regression and causal inferential study. Environmental Epigenetics 8:1.
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Chiara Russo, Margherita Lavorgna, Roberta Nugnes, Elena Orlo & Marina Isidori. (2021) Comparative assessment of antimicrobial, antiradical and cytotoxic activities of cannabidiol and its propyl analogue cannabidivarin. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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Rikinkumar S. Patel, Mario D. Gonzalez, Temitope Ajibawo & Raman Baweja. (2021) Cannabis use disorder and increased risk of arrhythmia‐related hospitalization in young adults. The American Journal on Addictions 30:6, pages 578-584.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2021) A geospatiotemporal and causal inference epidemiological exploration of substance and cannabinoid exposure as drivers of rising US pediatric cancer rates. BMC Cancer 21:1.
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Han Peng & Fereidoon Shahidi. (2021) Cannabis and Cannabis Edibles: A Review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 69:6, pages 1751-1774.
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Zeinab Breijyeh, Buthaina Jubeh, Sabino A. Bufo, Rafik Karaman & Laura Scrano. (2021) Cannabis: A Toxin-Producing Plant with Potential Therapeutic Uses. Toxins 13:2, pages 117.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2020) Broad Spectrum epidemiological contribution of cannabis and other substances to the teratological profile of northern New South Wales: geospatial and causal inference analysis. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 21:1.
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Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2020) Co-occurrence across time and space of drug- and cannabinoid- exposure and adverse mental health outcomes in the National Survey of Drug Use and Health: combined geotemporospatial and causal inference analysis. BMC Public Health 20:1.
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Rupak Desai, Samarthkumar Thakkar, Harsh P Patel, Bryan E-Xin Tan, Nanush Damarlapally, Fariah Asha Haque, Nazia Farheen, Natalie DeWitt, Sejal Savani, Fahria Jessy Parisha, Rajkumar Doshi, Zeeshan Mansuri & Kishorbhai Gangani. (2020) Higher odds and rising trends in arrhythmia among young cannabis users with comorbid depression. European Journal of Internal Medicine 80, pages 24-28.
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Consolato M. SergiConsolato M. Sergi. 2020. Pathology of Childhood and Adolescence. Pathology of Childhood and Adolescence 1243 1320 .
V. Tenev & M. Nikolova. 2020. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology 127 161 .
L Teoh, G Moses & MJ McCullough. (2019) Oral manifestations of illicit drug use. Australian Dental Journal 64:3, pages 213-222.
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Mmbulaheni Ramulondi, Helene de Wet & Sandy van Vuuren. (2019) Toxicology of medicinal plants and combinations used in rural northern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) for the treatment of hypertension. Journal of Herbal Medicine 16, pages 100251.
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Shira Hirsch & Joseph Tam. (2019) Cannabis: From a Plant That Modulates Feeding Behaviors toward Developing Selective Inhibitors of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System for the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Toxins 11:5, pages 275.
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Thilinie Rajapakse & William Jeptha Davenport. (2019) Phytomedicines in the Treatment of Migraine. CNS Drugs 33:5, pages 399-415.
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Estefanía Moreno, Milena Cavic, Ana Krivokuca, Vicent Casadó & Enric Canela. (2019) The Endocannabinoid System as a Target in Cancer Diseases: Are We There Yet?. Frontiers in Pharmacology 10.
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Marianna M. Henry & Terry L. Noah. 2019. Kendig's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. Kendig's Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children 876 885.e6 .
Miriam Schneider, Chris Maria Friemel, Rupert von Keller, Kristina Adorjan, Udo Bonnet, Alkomiet Hasan, Derik Hermann, Joseph Kambeitz, Dagmar Koethe, Ludwig Kraus, F. Markus Leweke, Beat Lutz, Liane Paul, Oliver Pogarell, Ulrich Preuss, Michael Schäfer, Sophia Schmieder, Roland Simon, Martin Storr & Eva Hoch. 2019. Cannabis: Potenzial und Risiko. Cannabis: Potenzial und Risiko 65 264 .
K. Ally Memedovich, Laura E. Dowsett, Eldon Spackman, Tom Noseworthy & Fiona Clement. (2018) The adverse health effects and harms related to marijuana use: an overview review. CMAJ Open 6:3, pages E339-E346.
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David L. Atkinson & Jeff K. Abbott. 2018. The Complex Connection Between Cannabis and Schizophrenia. The Complex Connection Between Cannabis and Schizophrenia 37 74 .
V. Tenev & M. Nikolova. 2018. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology. Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology 1 35 .
Benedikt FischerCayley RussellPamela SabioniWim van den BrinkBernard Le FollWayne HallJürgen RehmRobin Room. (2017) Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines: A Comprehensive Update of Evidence and Recommendations. American Journal of Public Health 107:8, pages e1-e12.
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Ernest Small. 2016. Cannabis. Cannabis 229 252 .
Albert Stuart Reece & Gary Kenneth Hulse. (2016) Chromothripsis and epigenomics complete causality criteria for cannabis- and addiction-connected carcinogenicity, congenital toxicity and heritable genotoxicity. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 789, pages 15-25.
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Emilie Bouccin, Hélène Eloye & Philippe Hantson. (2016) Complications vasculaires périphériques, cardiaques et cérébrales associées à l’utilisation du cannabis. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 28:2, pages 115-128.
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Luka Kristanc & Samo Kreft. (2016) European medicinal and edible plants associated with subacute and chronic toxicity part I: Plants with carcinogenic, teratogenic and endocrine-disrupting effects. Food and Chemical Toxicology 92, pages 150-164.
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Ebru Gök Oğuz, Gülay Ulusal Okyay, Cengiz Bulut, Başol Canbakan & Deniz Aylı. (2016) Synthetic cannabinoid (“bonsai”) induced rhabdomyolysis; two case reports / Sentetik kannabinoid (“bonzai”) kullanımına bağlı rabdomiyoliz: İki olgu sunumu. Turkish Journal of Biochemistry 41:1.
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Jane Sachs, Erin McGlade & Deborah Yurgelun-Todd. (2015) Safety and Toxicology of Cannabinoids. Neurotherapeutics 12:4, pages 735-746.
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Laurie A. Manwell & Paul E. Mallet. (2014) Comparative effects of pulmonary and parenteral Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure on extinction of opiate-induced conditioned aversion in rats. Psychopharmacology 232:9, pages 1655-1665.
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Eva Hoch, Udo Bonnet, Rainer Thomasius, Florian Ganzer, Ursula Havemann-Reinecke & Ulrich W. Preuss. (2015) Risks Associated With the Non-Medicinal Use of Cannabis. Deutsches Ärzteblatt international.
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Laurie A. Manwell, Armen Charchoglyan, Dyanne Brewer, Brittany A. Matthews, Heather Heipel & Paul E. Mallet. (2014) A vapourized ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC) delivery system part I: Development and validation of a pulmonary cannabinoid route of exposure for experimental pharmacology studies in rodents. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 70:1, pages 120-127.
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Laurie A. Manwell, Brittany Ford, Brittany A. Matthews, Heather Heipel & Paul E. Mallet. (2014) A vapourized ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC) delivery system part II: Comparison of behavioural effects of pulmonary versus parenteral cannabinoid exposure in rodents. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 70:1, pages 112-119.
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Emilie Jouanjus, Maryse Lapeyre‐Mestre & Joelle Micallef. (2014) Cannabis Use: Signal of Increasing Risk of Serious Cardiovascular Disorders. Journal of the American Heart Association 3:2.
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Armel Jackson Seukep, Jaures A.K. Noumedem, Doriane E. Djeussi & Victor Kuete. 2014. Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants. Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants 235 275 .
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MB Forrester, K Kleinschmidt, E Schwarz & A Young. (2012) Synthetic cannabinoid and marijuana exposures reported to poison centers. Human & Experimental Toxicology 31:10, pages 1006-1011.
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Christopher O. Hoyte, Jeena Jacob, Andrew A. Monte, Mohammed Al-Jumaan, Alvin C. Bronstein & Kennon J. Heard. (2012) A Characterization of Synthetic Cannabinoid Exposures Reported to the National Poison Data System in 2010. Annals of Emergency Medicine 60:4, pages 435-438.
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Andrey D Durnev & Anastasia S Lapitskaya. (2012) Genotoxicology of plant compounds. Ecological genetics 10:3, pages 41-52.
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Caio Fabio Baeta Lopes, Bruno Brandão de Angelis, Henrique Maciel Prudente, Bernardo Vieira Goulart de Souza, Sérgio Vitorino Cardoso & Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja Ribeiro. (2012) Concomitant consumption of marijuana, alcohol and tobacco in oral squamous cell carcinoma development and progression: Recent advances and challenges. Archives of Oral Biology 57:8, pages 1026-1033.
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Balaji Pratap & Aleksandr Korniyenko. (2011) Toxic Effects of Marijuana on the Cardiovascular System. Cardiovascular Toxicology 12:2, pages 143-148.
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Roland J. Lamarine. (2012) Marijuana: Modern Medical Chimaera. Journal of Drug Education 42:1, pages 1-11.
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Yehoshua Zarfin, Enav Yefet, Said Abozaid, Wael Nasser, Tamer Mor & Yoram Finkelstein. (2012) Infant with altered consciousness after cannabis passive inhalation. Child Abuse & Neglect 36:2, pages 81-83.
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Marianna M. Henry & Terry L. Noah. 2012. Kendig & Chernickâs Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. Kendig & Chernickâs Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children 1026 1035 .
Marilyn A. Huestis, Irene Mazzoni & Olivier Rabin. (2011) Cannabis in Sport. Sports Medicine 41:11, pages 949-966.
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Hudaverdi Küçüker & Fatma Aydıner. (2011) Fatal Poppy Capsule Toxicity. Electronic Journal of General Medicine 8:4, pages 335-337.
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N. Söhnchen, K. Melzer, B. Martinez de Tejada, N. Jastrow-Meyer, V. Othenin-Girard, O. Irion, M. Boulvain & B. Kayser. (2011) Maternal heart rate changes during labour. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 158:2, pages 173-178.
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Lindsay Murray, Frank Daly, Mark Little & Mike Cadogan. 2011. Toxicology Handbook. Toxicology Handbook 127 370 .
Benjamin Stone, David Dockrell, Christine Bowman & Eugene McCloskey. (2010) HIV and bone disease. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 503:1, pages 66-77.
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Teena M. McGuinness. (2009) Update on Marijuana. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 47:10, pages 19-22.
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