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Original Articles

Flaxseed Consumption Influences Endogenous Hormone Concentrations in Postmenopausal Women

Pages 58-65 | Published online: 18 Nov 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (8)

Vicky C. Chang, Michelle Cotterchio, Beatrice A. Boucher, David J. A. Jenkins, Lucia Mirea, Susan E. McCann & Lilian U. Thompson. (2019) Effect of Dietary Flaxseed Intake on Circulating Sex Hormone Levels among Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Trial. Nutrition and Cancer 71:3, pages 385-398.
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J. M. Landete, J. Arqués, M. Medina, P. Gaya, B. de Las Rivas & R. Muñoz. (2016) Bioactivation of Phytoestrogens: Intestinal Bacteria and Health. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 56:11, pages 1826-1843.
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Susan E. McCann, Stephen B. Edge, David G. Hicks, Lilian U. Thompson, Carl D. Morrison, Gerald Fetterly, Christopher Andrews, Kim Clark, John Wilton & Swati Kulkarni. (2014) A Pilot Study Comparing the Effect of Flaxseed, Aromatase Inhibitor, and the Combination on Breast Tumor Biomarkers. Nutrition and Cancer 66:4, pages 566-575.
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Herman Adlercreutz. (2007) Lignans and Human Health. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 44:5-6, pages 483-525.
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Catherine Ulbricht, Ethan Basch, Wendy Weissner & Dana Hackman. (2006) An evidence-based systematic review of herb and supplement interactions by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 5:5, pages 719-728.
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Amy L. Webb & Marjorie L. McCullough. (2005) Dietary Lignans: Potential Role in Cancer Prevention. Nutrition and Cancer 51:2, pages 117-131.
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Elsa J. Frische, Andrea M. Hutchins, Margaret C. Martini, William Thomas & Joanne L. Slavin. (2003) Effect of Flaxseed and Wheat Bran on Serum Hormones and Lignan Excretion in Premenopausal Women. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 22:6, pages 550-554.
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Articles from other publishers (62)

Vali Musazadeh, Ahmad Nazari, Mohammad Natami, Zahra Hajhashemy, Kimia Sadat Kazemi, Fereshte Torabi, Amir Hossein Moridpour, Mahdi Vajdi & Gholamreza Askari. (2023) The effect of flaxseed supplementation on sex hormone profile in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Nutrition 10.
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Paola Sangiorgio, Simona Errico, Alessandra Verardi, Stefania Moliterni, Gabriella Tamasi, Claudio Rossi & Roberto Balducchi. (2023) Bioactive Lignans from Flaxseed: Biological Properties and Patented Recovery Technologies. Nutraceuticals 3:1, pages 58-74.
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Sonali Bhattacharya & Sudipta Majumdar nee Paul. (2021) Phytoestrogens Responsible for Altered Pubertal Timing in Females: A Matter of Concern. Proceedings of the Zoological Society 74:4, pages 558-571.
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Huidi Liu & Shu-Lin Liu. 2021. Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies. Ovarian Cancer: Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies 55 73 .
Mina Mehraban, Gholamali Jelodar & Farhad Rahmanifar. (2020) A combination of spearmint and flaxseed extract improved endocrine and histomorphology of ovary in experimental PCOS. Journal of Ovarian Research 13:1.
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Inés Domínguez-López, Maria Yago-Aragón, Albert Salas-Huetos, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau & Sara Hurtado-Barroso. (2020) Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens on Hormones throughout a Human Lifespan: A Review. Nutrients 12:8, pages 2456.
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Shahid AkbarShahid Akbar. 2020. Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants. Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants 1101 1121 .
Elin Hålldin, Anne Kirstine Eriksen, Carl Brunius, Andreia Bento da Silva, Maria Bronze, Kati Hanhineva, Anna‐Marja Aura & Rikard Landberg. (2019) Factors Explaining Interpersonal Variation in Plasma Enterolactone Concentrations in Humans. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 63:16, pages 1801159.
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Huiru Chang, Song Yao, David Tritchler, Meredith A. Hullar, Johanna W. Lampe, Lilian U. Thompson & Susan E. McCann. (2019) Genetic Variation in Steroid and Xenobiotic Metabolizing Pathways and Enterolactone Excretion Before and After Flaxseed Intervention in African American and European American Women. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 28:2, pages 265-274.
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A. I. Chang, A. H. Schwertschkow, H. Greenlee, L. K. Larkey, J. Bloom-Foster & L. E. Mehl-Madrona. 2019. Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention. Fundamentals of Cancer Prevention 269 331 .
Manoj Shah, Bridget Eklund, Luiz Gustavo Conde Lima, Teresa Bergholz & Clifford HallIIIIII. (2018) Microbial and Chemical Shelf-Life of Vacuum Steam-Pasteurized Whole Flaxseed and Milled Flaxseed. Journal of Food Science 83:2, pages 300-308.
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Huidi Liu, Jianrui Liu, Siwen Wang, Zheng Zeng, Ting Li, Yongfang Liu, Emilio Mastriani, Qing-Hai Li, Hong-Xia Bao, Yu-Jie Zhou, Xiaoyu Wang, Sijing Hu, Shan Gao, Yingying Qi, Zhihang Shen, Hongyue Wang, Miao Yu, Tingting Gao, Randal N. Johnston & Shu-Lin Liu. (2017) Enterolactone has stronger effects than enterodiol on ovarian cancer. Journal of Ovarian Research 10:1.
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Carla Mora Aguilar, Cíntia Tomaz Sant'Ana, André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa, Pollyanna Ibrahim Silva & Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa. (2017) Comparative effects of brown and golden flaxseeds on body composition, inflammation and bone remodelling biomarkers in perimenopausal overweight women. Journal of Functional Foods 33, pages 166-175.
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José María Landete, Pilar Gaya, Eva Rodríguez, Susana Langa, Ángela Peirotén, Margarita Medina & Juan L. Arqués. (2017) Probiotic Bacteria for Healthier Aging: Immunomodulation and Metabolism of Phytoestrogens. BioMed Research International 2017, pages 1-10.
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Taida Juliana Adorian, Fernanda Rodrigues Goulart, Patrícia Inês Mombach, Naglezi de Menezes Lovatto, Marina Dalcin, Mabel Molinari, Rafael Lazzari & Leila Picolli da Silva. (2016) Effect of different dietary fiber concentrates on the metabolism and indirect immune response in silver catfish. Animal Feed Science and Technology 215, pages 124-132.
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Jatinder Kaur Mukker, Ravi Shankar Prasad Singh, Alister D. Muir, Ed S. Krol & Jane Alcorn. (2015) Comparative pharmacokinetics of purified flaxseed and associated mammalian lignans in male Wistar rats. British Journal of Nutrition 113:5, pages 749-757.
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Maythem AL-Amery, Watchareewan Jamboonsri, Chad Lee, James Hammond, Tim Phillips & David Hildebrand. (2015) Evaluation of Flax as a Viable Crop Again in the South Central U.S.. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science 76:1-2, pages 35-42.
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Susan Arentz, Jason Anthony Abbott, Caroline Anne Smith & Alan Bensoussan. (2014) Herbal medicine for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and associated oligo/amenorrhoea and hyperandrogenism; a review of the laboratory evidence for effects with corroborative clinical findings. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14:1.
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Julie K. MasonLilian U. Thompson. (2014) Flaxseed and its lignan and oil components: can they play a role in reducing the risk of and improving the treatment of breast cancer?. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 39:6, pages 663-678.
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Gillian Flower, Heidi Fritz, Lynda G. Balneaves, Shailendra Verma, Becky Skidmore, Rochelle Fernandes, Deborah Kennedy, Kieran Cooley, Raimond Wong, Stephen Sagar, Dean Fergusson & Dugald Seely. (2013) Flax and Breast Cancer. Integrative Cancer Therapies 13:3, pages 181-192.
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Tristan P. Dew & Gary Williamson. (2013) Controlled flax interventions for the improvement of menopausal symptoms and postmenopausal bone health. Menopause 20:11, pages 1207-1215.
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Hong Xin, Ying Kong, Yong Wang, Yingjun Zhou, Yizhun Zhu, Dapeng Li & Wenfu Tan. (2013) Lignans extracted from Vitex negundo possess cytotoxic activity by G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. Phytomedicine 20:7, pages 640-647.
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Renée Leão Simbalista, Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota, Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares & José Alfredo Gomes Arêas. (2012) Effect of storage and processing of Brazilian flaxseed on lipid and lignan contents. Food Science and Technology 32:2, pages 374-380.
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J.M. Landete. (2012) Plant and mammalian lignans: A review of source, intake, metabolism, intestinal bacteria and health. Food Research International 46:1, pages 410-424.
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Susan E. McCann, Katie C. Hootman, Anne M. Weaver, Lilian U. Thompson, Carl Morrison, Helena Hwang, Stephen B. Edge, Christine B. Ambrosone, Peter J. Horvath & Swati A. Kulkarni. (2012) Dietary Intakes of Total and Specific Lignans Are Associated with Clinical Breast Tumor Characteristics3. The Journal of Nutrition 142:1, pages 91-98.
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Anja Olsen, Jane Christensen, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Nina Føns Johnsen, Kim Overvad & Anne Tjønneland. (2011) Prediagnostic plasma enterolactone levels and mortality among women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 128:3, pages 883-889.
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. 2010. Risk Assessment of Phytochemicals in Food. Risk Assessment of Phytochemicals in Food 38 159 .
Delfin Rodriguez-Leyva, Chantal M.C. Bassett, Richelle McCullough & Grant N. Pierce. (2010) The cardiovascular effects of flaxseed and its omega-3 fatty acid, alpha-linolenic acid. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 26:9, pages 489-496.
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Susan E. McCann, Lilian U. Thompson, Jing Nie, Joan Dorn, Maurizio Trevisan, Peter G. Shields, Christine B. Ambrosone, Stephen B. Edge, Hsin-Fang Li, Christina Kasprzak & Jo L. Freudenheim. (2009) Dietary lignan intakes in relation to survival among women with breast cancer: the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 122:1, pages 229-235.
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Gerrit Speijers, Bernard Bottex, Birgit Dusemund, Andrea Lugasi, Jaroslav Tóth, Judith Amberg-Müller, Corrado L. Galli, Vittorio Silano & Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens. (2010) Safety assessment of botanicals and botanical preparations used as ingredients in food supplements: Testing an European Food Safety Authority-tiered approach. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 54:2, pages 175-185.
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Richard F. Wilson & David F. Hildebrand. 2010. Plant Biotechnology for Sustainable Production of Energy and Co-products. Plant Biotechnology for Sustainable Production of Energy and Co-products 209 259 .
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Sidika E. Kasim-Karakas & Susmita Mishra. 2009. Complementary and Alternative Therapies and the Aging Population. Complementary and Alternative Therapies and the Aging Population 317 332 .
Anagha PatadeLatha DevareddyEdralin A. LucasKiranmayi KorlaguntaBruce P. DaggyBahram H. Arjmandi. (2008) Flaxseed Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol Concentrations in Native American Postmenopausal Women. Journal of Women's Health 17:3, pages 355-366.
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Samira Boulbaroud, Asma Arfaoui, Chahine Abdelkrim, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Ali Ouichou & Aboubaker El Hessni. (2007) Does Flaxseed Uptake Reverse Induced-Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats?. International Journal of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders 1:1, pages 24-30.
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Dagmar Fuchs, Regina Piller, Jakob Linseisen, Hannelore Daniel & Uwe Wenzel. (2007) The human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteome responds to a dietary flaxseed-intervention and proteins identified suggest a protective effect in atherosclerosis. PROTEOMICS 7:18, pages 3278-3288.
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C. Farmer, H. V. Petit, H. Weiler & A. V. Capuco. (2007) Effects of dietary supplementation with flax during prepuberty on fatty acid profile, mammogenesis, and bone resorption in gilts1,2. Journal of Animal Science 85:7, pages 1675-1686.
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