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Oral antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: heterogeneity in efficacy and tolerability should drive decision-making

, MD PhD & , MD MPH
Pages 1917-1928 | Published online: 28 Jun 2009

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Mingjun Zhao, Bin Qin, Yage Mao, Yang Zhang, Ruisheng Zhao, Aiqin Wang, Hailing Wang, Jianting Zhao & Changhong Wang. (2023) Paliperidone Palmitate versus Risperidone Long-Acting Injectable in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 19, pages 749-757.
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Mingjun Zhao, Bin Qin, Yage Mao, Hailing Wang, Aiqin Wang & Chuansheng Wang. (2022) Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Brexpiprazole for Acute Schizophrenia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 18, pages 1705-1713.
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Leslie Citrome, Joseph P McEvoy, Mark S Todtenkopf, David McDonnell & Peter J Weiden. (2019) A commentary on the efficacy of olanzapine for the treatment of schizophrenia: the past, present, and future. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 15, pages 2559-2569.
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Myrlene S Aigbogun, Sizhu Liu, Siddhesh A Kamat, Christophe Sapin, Amy M Duhig & Leslie Citrome. (2018) Relapse prevention: a cost-effectiveness analysis of brexpiprazole treatment in adult patients with schizophrenia in the USA. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research 10, pages 443-456.
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Leslie Citrome. (2016) Schizophrenia relapse, patient considerations, and potential role of lurasidone. Patient Preference and Adherence 10, pages 1529-1537.
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Eva G Katz, Brett Hauber, Srihari Gopal, Angie Fairchild, Amy Pugh, Rachel B Weinstein & Bennett S Levitan. (2016) Physician and patient benefit–risk preferences from two randomized long-acting injectable antipsychotic trials. Patient Preference and Adherence 10, pages 2127-2139.
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Leslie Citrome, Anna Eramo, Clement Francois, Ruth Duffy, Susan N Legacy, Steve J Offord, Holly B Krasa, Stephen S Johnston, Alice Guiraud-Diawara, Siddhesh A Kamat & Patricia Rohman. (2015) Lack of tolerable treatment options for patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 11, pages 3095-3104.
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Leslie Citrome, Tine Bryan Stensbøl & Kenji Maeda. (2015) The preclinical profile of brexpiprazole: what is its clinical relevance for the treatment of psychiatric disorders?. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 15:10, pages 1219-1229.
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Leslie Citrome, Siddhesh A. Kamat, Christophe Sapin, Ross A. Baker, Anna Eramo, Jesse Ortendahl, Benjamin Gutierrez, Karina Hansen & Tanya G. K. Bentley. (2014) Cost-effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly compared with paliperidone palmitate once-monthly injectable for the treatment of schizophrenia in the United States. Journal of Medical Economics 17:8, pages 567-576.
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Leslie Citrome. (2014) Asenapine review, part I: chemistry, receptor affinity profile, pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 10:6, pages 893-903.
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Leslie Citrome. (2014) Asenapine review, part II: clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 13:6, pages 803-830.
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Navin V Dargani & Anil K Malhotra. (2014) Safety profile of iloperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 13:2, pages 241-246.
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Victor Voicu, Andrei Medvedovici, Aurelian Emil Ranetti & Flavian Ştefan Rădulescu. (2013) Drug-induced hypo- and hyperprolactinemia: mechanisms, clinical and therapeutic consequences . Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 9:8, pages 955-968.
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Leslie Citrome. (2013) New second-generation long-acting injectable antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 13:7, pages 767-783.
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Leslie Citrome. (2013) Cariprazine: chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism, clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 9:2, pages 193-206.
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Leslie Citrome & Henry A Nasrallah. (2012) On-label on the table: what the package insert informs us about the tolerability profile of oral atypical antipsychotics, and what it does not. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13:11, pages 1599-1613.
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Joshua T Kantrowitz & Leslie Citrome. (2012) Lurasidone for schizophrenia: what’s different?. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 12:3, pages 265-273.
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Leslie Citrome. (2011) Role of sublingual asenapine in treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 7, pages 325-339.
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Leslie Citrome. (2011) Drug safety evaluation of ziprasidone. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 10:3, pages 437-448.
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Marco De Pieri, Marco Ferrari, Franca Marino, Rafael Traber, Emilio Bolla & Marco Cosentino. (2023) Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in dopaminergic receptors D2 predict clinical response to Cariprazine. Frontiers in Pharmacology 14.
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Ashish Patel, Arya Patel, Darshini Patel, Krina Patel & Tushar Bambharoliya. (2023) Mini Review on Cariprazine: A Promising Antipsychotic Agent. CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 22:2, pages 226-236.
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Zhao-Han Huang, Yuan Fang, Qi Yu & Tong Wang. (2023) Efficacy and duration of electro-Acupuncture combined with conventional antipsychotics for schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 0:0, pages 0.
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Lian Beijers, Hanna M. van Loo, Jan-Willem Romeijn, Femke Lamers, Robert A. Schoevers & Klaas J. Wardenaar. (2020) Investigating data-driven biological subtypes of psychiatric disorders using specification-curve analysis. Psychological Medicine 52:6, pages 1089-1100.
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Georgi Panov Panov. (2022) Early Markers in Resistant Schizophrenia: Effect of the First Antipsychotic Drug. Diagnostics 12:4, pages 803.
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Siddhanath D. Bhosle, Shivanand V. Itage, Balraju Gangapuram, Gyanchander Eppa, Rajesh S. Bhosale & Jhillu Singh Yadav. (2022) Review of Synthetic Approaches toward the Synthesis of Cariprazine, an Antipsychotic Drug. Organic Process Research & Development 26:3, pages 493-507.
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Leslie Citrome. (2021) Long-acting injectable antipsychotics: what, when, and how. CNS Spectrums 26:2, pages 118-129.
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Fang Yan, Yang Yang, Qingzhi Huang, Yun Chen, Peiqi Jia, Wendong Chen & Xin Ma. (2018) Cost-effectiveness of a free drug program for schizophrenia in Beijing, China. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65:1, pages 28-37.
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Kristen M. Ward & Leslie Citrome. (2018) Antipsychotic-Related Movement Disorders: Drug-Induced Parkinsonism vs. Tardive Dyskinesia—Key Differences in Pathophysiology and Clinical Management. Neurology and Therapy 7:2, pages 233-248.
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Ming-jun Zhao, Bin Qin, Jin-bao Wang, Yan-ping Zhang, Jian-ting Zhao, Ya-ge Mao, Xiang-yang Zhang & Rui-ling Zhang. (2018) Efficacy and Acceptability of Cariprazine in Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 38:1, pages 55-59.
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Pierre-Michel Llorca, Christophe Lançon, Ann Hartry, T. Michelle Brown, Dana B. DiBenedetti, Siddhesh A. Kamat & Clément François. (2017) Assessing the burden of treatment-emergent adverse events associated with atypical antipsychotic medications. BMC Psychiatry 17:1.
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Stephen R. Marder, Mika Juhani Hakala, Mette Krog Josiassen, Peter Zhang, John Ouyang, Emmanuelle Weiller, Catherine Weiss & Mary Hobart. (2016) Brexpiprazole in patients with schizophrenia: overview of short- and long-term phase 3 controlled studies. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 29:5, pages 278-290.
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William M. Greenberg & Leslie Citrome. (2016) Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lurasidone Hydrochloride, a Second-Generation Antipsychotic: A Systematic Review of the Published Literature. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 56:5, pages 493-503.
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Leslie Citrome. (2017) Emerging pharmacological therapies in schizophrenia: what’s new, what’s different, what’s next?. CNS Spectrums 21:S1, pages 1-12.
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Leslie Citrome, Ai Ota, Kazuhiro Nagamizu, Pamela Perry, Emmanuelle Weiller & Ross A. Baker. (2016) The effect of brexpiprazole (OPC-34712) and aripiprazole in adult patients with acute schizophrenia. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 31:4, pages 192-201.
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John M. Kane, Aleksandar Skuban, Mary Hobart, John Ouyang, Emmanuelle Weiller, Catherine Weiss & Christoph U. Correll. (2016) Overview of short- and long-term tolerability and safety of brexpiprazole in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research 174:1-3, pages 93-98.
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Joseph McEvoy & Leslie Citrome. (2016) Brexpiprazole for the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Review of this Novel Serotonin-Dopamine Activity Modulator. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses 9:4, pages 177-186.
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L. Citrome. (2015) Brexpiprazole for schizophrenia and as adjunct for major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved antipsychotic - what is the number needed to treat, number needed to harm and likelihood to be hel. International Journal of Clinical Practice 69:9, pages 978-997.
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Leslie Citrome, Peter J. Weiden, Gus Alva, Ira D. Glick, Richard Jackson, Greg Mattingly, Farid Kianifard, Xiangyi Meng & Adam Winseck. (2015) Switching to Iloperidone. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses 8:4, pages 183-195.
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. (2014) Review: 15 antipsychotic drugs are more effective than placebo for the treatment of schizophrenia, but vary in their tolerability. Evidence Based Mental Health 17:1, pages 9-9.
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Leslie Citrome. (2013) A Review of the Pharmacology, Efficacy and Tolerability of Recently Approved and Upcoming Oral Antipsychotics: An Evidence-Based Medicine Approach. CNS Drugs 27:11, pages 879-911.
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Leslie Citrome. (2013) Cariprazine in Schizophrenia: Clinical Efficacy, Tolerability, and Place in Therapy. Advances in Therapy 30:2, pages 114-126.
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Leslie CitromeLeslie Citrome. 2013. Handbook of Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia. Handbook of Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia 37 56 .
Leslie Citrome. (2012) Oral Antipsychotic Update: A Brief Review of New and Investigational Agents for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. CNS Spectrums 17:s1, pages 1-9.
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Leslie Citrome. (2012) Lurasidone in Schizophrenia: New Information About Dosage and Place in Therapy. Advances in Therapy 29:10, pages 815-825.
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Roberto Cavallaro, Marta Bosia, Carmelo Guglielmino & Enrico Smeraldi. (2012) 9-OH risperidone response in risperidone poor responders: An open study of drug response concordance. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research 18:3, pages 109-113.
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Tanuja Bordia, J. Michael McIntosh & Maryka Quik. (2012) Nicotine Reduces Antipsychotic-Induced Orofacial Dyskinesia in Rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 340:3, pages 612-619.
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Jessica M. Henry & Matthew A. Fuller. (2011) Asenapine. Journal of Pharmacy Practice 24:5, pages 447-451.
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Leslie Citrome. (2011) Treatment-refractory schizophrenia: what is it and what has been done about it?. Neuropsychiatry 1:4, pages 325-347.
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L. Citrome. (2011) Lurasidone for schizophrenia: a review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved second-generation antipsychotic. International Journal of Clinical Practice 65:2, pages 189-210.
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Leslie Citrome. (2011) Lurasidone for Schizophrenia: A Brief Review of a New Second-Generation Antipsychotic. Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses 4:4, pages 251-257.
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Oliver Freudenreich. (2014) Targeted Care Plans for Schizophrenia. CNS Spectrums 15:S8, pages 6-9.
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L. Citrome. (2010) Iloperidone redux: a dissection of the Drug Approval Package for this newly commercialised second-generation antipsychotic. International Journal of Clinical Practice 64:6, pages 707-718.
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John M. Kane, Michael Cohen, Jun Zhao, Larry Alphs & John Panagides. (2010) Efficacy and Safety of Asenapine in a Placebo- and Haloperidol-Controlled Trial in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 30:2, pages 106-115.
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. (2010) Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 19:3, pages i-xiii.
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L. Citrome. (2009) Asenapine for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the efficacy and safety profile for this newly approved sublingually absorbed second-generation antipsychotic. International Journal of Clinical Practice 63:12, pages 1762-1784.
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Leslie Citrome. (2009) Using oral ziprasidone effectively: the food effect and dose-response. Advances in Therapy 26:8, pages 739-748.
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