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Review

Pharmacotherapy for dyslipidaemia – current therapies and future agents

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Pages 1901-1938 | Published online: 02 Mar 2005

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

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Timothy J. Tse, Yajia Guo, Youn Young Shim, Sarah K. Purdy, Ji Hye Kim, Jae Youl Cho, Jane Alcorn & Martin J. T. Reaney. (2023) Availability of bioactive flax lignan from foods and supplements. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 63:29, pages 9843-9858.
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Oluwayemisi Esan, Adie Viljoen & Anthony S. Wierzbicki. (2022) Colesevelam – a bile acid sequestrant for treating hypercholesterolemia and improving hyperglycemia. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 23:12, pages 1363-1370.
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Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour, Marziyeh Hajialyani, Rozita Naseri, Mahvash Hesari, Pantea Mohammadi, Azzurra Stefanucci, Adriano Mollica, Mohammad Hosein Farzaei & Mohammad Abdollahi. (2019) Nanoformulations of natural products for management of metabolic syndrome. International Journal of Nanomedicine 14, pages 5303-5321.
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Claudia Stefanutti. (2014) Targeting MTP for the treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Clinical Lipidology 9:3, pages 369-381.
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Binh An P Phan, Thomas D Dayspring & Peter P Toth. (2012) Ezetimibe therapy: mechanism of action and clinical update. Vascular Health and Risk Management 8, pages 415-427.
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PradeepK. Dhal, DiegoA. Gianolio & RobertJ. Miller. (2011) (Bio)polymeric Hydrogels as Therapeutic Agents. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A 48:12, pages 994-1003.
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Hisashi Shinkai. (2009) Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors as high-density lipoprotein raising agents. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents 19:9, pages 1229-1237.
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Harold E Bays, David Neff, Joanne E Tomassini & Andrew M Tershakovec. (2008) Ezetimibe: cholesterol lowering and beyond. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:4, pages 447-470.
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Harold E Bays, Ann P Tighe, Richard Sadovsky & Michael H Davidson. (2008) Prescription omega-3 fatty acids and their lipid effects: physiologic mechanisms of action and clinical implications. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 6:3, pages 391-409.
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Antonio Gaddi, AFG Cicero, FO Odoo, A Poli A & R Paoletti. (2007) Practical guidelines for familial combined hyperlipidemia diagnosis: an up-date. Vascular Health and Risk Management 3:6, pages 877-886.
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Harold Bays & Peter H Jones. (2007) Colesevelam hydrochloride: reducing atherosclerotic coronary heart disease risk factors. Vascular Health and Risk Management 3:5, pages 733-742.
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Harold Bays, Lawrence Blonde & Robert Rosenson. (2006) Adiposopathy: how do diet, exercise and weight loss drug therapies improve metabolic disease in overweight patients?. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 4:6, pages 871-895.
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Grant H Skrepnek. (2005) Cost–effectiveness of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in the treatment of dyslipidemia and prevention of CHD. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 5:5, pages 603-623.
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Oriol Manuel, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Roger Darioli & Philip E Tarr. (2005) Treatment of dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected persons. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 6:10, pages 1619-1645.
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Harold Bays, James McKenney & Michael Davidson. (2005) Torcetrapib/atorvastatin combination therapy. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 3:5, pages 789-820.
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Harold Bays. (2005) Adiposopathy, metabolic syndrome, quantum physics, general relativity, chaos and the Theory of Everything. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 3:3, pages 393-404.
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Mark E. McGovern. (2005) Taking aim at HDL-C. Postgraduate Medicine 117:4, pages 29-44.
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Harold E Bays. (2004) Extended-release niacin/lovastatin: the first combination product for dyslipidemia. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy 2:4, pages 485-501.
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K. A. Shemerovskii, V. N. Fedorets, P. V. Seliverstov & S. R. Bakaeva. (2020) Colorectal bradyarrhythmia syndrome as a predictor of metabolic syndrome. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology 183:11, pages 44-50.
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C. Lebherz. (2016) Aktuelle Lipidtherapie bei Diabetes mellitusLipid management in diabetes mellitus. Der Diabetologe 12:2, pages 80-87.
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Sebnem Garip, Sevgi Haman Bayari, Mete Severcan, Sherif Abbas, Igor K. Lednev & Feride Severcan. (2016) Structural effects of simvastatin on rat liver tissue: Fourier transform infrared and Raman microspectroscopic studies. Journal of Biomedical Optics 21:2, pages 025008.
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Harold E. Bays, Peter H. Jones, Terry A. Jacobson, David E. Cohen, Carl E. Orringer, Shanu Kothari, Dan E. Azagury, John Morton, Ninh T. Nguyen, Eric C. Westman, Deborah B. Horn, Wendy Scinta & Craig Primack. (2016) Lipids and bariatric procedures part 1 of 2: Scientific statement from the National Lipid Association, American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, and Obesity Medicine Association: FULL REPORT. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 10:1, pages 33-57.
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Ruben Vardanyan & Victor Hruby. 2016. Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs. Synthesis of Best-Seller Drugs 285 315 .
Marianne Andersen. (2015) The robustness of diagnostic tests for GH deficiency in adults. Growth Hormone & IGF Research 25:3, pages 108-114.
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Hyun-Hwa Son, Shin Hye Kim, Ju-Yeon Moon, Bong Chul Chung, Mi Jung Park & Man Ho Choi. (2015) Serum sterol profiling reveals increased cholesterol biosynthesis in childhood obesity. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 149, pages 138-145.
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Tomoyuki Ota, Hideki Ishii, Susumu Suzuki, Akihito Tanaka, Yohei Shibata, Yosuke Tatami, Shingo Harata, Yusaku Shimbo, Yohei Takayama, Yoshihiro Kawamura, Naohiro Osugi, Kengo Maeda, Takahisa Kondo & Toyoaki Murohara. (2015) Relation Between Paradoxical Decrease in High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels After Statin Therapy and Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. The American Journal of Cardiology 115:4, pages 411-416.
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Claudia Stefanutti & Gilbert R. Thompson. (2014) Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Management of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Historical Perspective and Recent Advances. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 17:1.
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Yunpeng Qi, Changtao Jiang, Naoki Tanaka, Kristopher W. Krausz, Chad N. Brocker, Zhong-Ze Fang, Bryce X. Bredell, Yatrik M. Shah & Frank J. Gonzalez. (2014) PPARα-dependent exacerbation of experimental colitis by the hypolipidemic drug fenofibrate. American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 307:5, pages G564-G573.
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Suowen Xu, Zhiping Liu, Yan Huang, Jianwen Chen, Shaorui Chen, Xiaoyan Shen, Heqing Huang & Peiqing Liu. (2014) Effectiveness of combination therapy of atorvastatin and non lipid-modifying tanshinone IIA from Danshen in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. International Journal of Cardiology 174:3, pages 878-880.
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Joseph Vamecq, Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki, Pierre Andreoletti & Norbert Latruffe. (2014) The human peroxisome in health and disease: The story of an oddity becoming a vital organelle. Biochimie 98, pages 4-15.
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S. Kianbakht, B. Abasi & Fataneh Hashem Dabaghian. (2014) Improved Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic Patients Taking Vaccinium arctostaphylos Fruit Hydroalcoholic Extract: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial . Phytotherapy Research 28:3, pages 432-436.
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Dong-Mei Zhao, Wen-Yan Li, Yu-Fang Shi, Xu-Qiong Xiong, Shuai Song, Chen-Zhou Hao, Mao-Sheng Cheng & Jing-Kang Shen. (2014) Pharmacophore-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 3-((3,4-dichlorophenyl)(4-substituted benzyl)amino) propanamides as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors. Chinese Chemical Letters 25:2, pages 299-304.
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S Friedrich, JJP Kastelein, D James, T Waterhouse, SE Nissen, SJ Nicholls & KA Krueger. (2014) The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Relationships of Evacetrapib Administered as Monotherapy or in Combination With Statins. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 3:1, pages 1-9.
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S. Kianbakht & F. Hashem Dabaghian. (2013) Improved glycemic control and lipid profile in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients consuming Salvia officinalis L. leaf extract: A randomized placebo. Controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 21:5, pages 441-446.
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Hong-Tao Liu, Hong-Wei He, Xiao-Guang Bai, Ju-Xian Wang, Chang-Liang Xu, Shi-Ying Cai, Rong-Guang Shao & Yu-Cheng Wang. (2013) Arylsulfonylamino-Benzanilides as Inhibitors of the Apical Sodium-Dependent Bile Salt Transporter (SLC10A2). Molecules 18:6, pages 6883-6897.
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Kyriakos E. Kypreos, Spyridon Gkizas, Loukianos S. Rallidis & Iordanis Karagiannides. (2013) HDL particle functionality as a primary pharmacological target for HDL-based therapies. Biochemical Pharmacology 85:11, pages 1575-1578.
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Yu Kataoka, Kiyoko Uno, Rishi Puri & Stephen J Nicholls. (2013) Epanova ® and hypertriglyceridemia: pharmacological mechanisms and clinical efficacy . Future Cardiology 9:2, pages 177-186.
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Shengjun Fan, Qiang Geng, Zhenyu Pan, Xin Li, Lu Tie, Yan Pan & Xuejun Li. (2012) Clarifying off-target effects for torcetrapib using network pharmacology and reverse docking approach. BMC Systems Biology 6:1.
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Ian Hamilton-Craig, Karam Maximilien Kostner, Stan Woodhouse & David Colquhoun. (2012) Use of fibrates in clinical practice: Queensland Lipid Group consensus recommendations. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 10:3, pages 181-190.
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Wen-Yan Li, Xu-Qiong Xiong, Dong-Mei Zhao, Yu-Fang Shi, Zhi-Heng Yang, Chao Yu, Pei-Wei Fan, Mao-Sheng Cheng & Jing-Kang Shen. (2012) Quinoline-3-carboxamide Derivatives as Potential Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitors. Molecules 17:5, pages 5497-5507.
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Michael-Friedrich Boettcher, Roland Heinig, Carsten Schmeck, Christian Kohlsdorfer, Matthias Ludwig, Anja Schaefer, Sabine Gelfert-Peukert, Georg Wensing & Olaf Weber. (2012) Single dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, tolerability and safety of BAY 60-5521, a potent inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 73:2, pages 210-218.
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Ioanna Vallianou, Nikolaos Peroulis, Panayotis Pantazis & Margarita Hadzopoulou-Cladaras. (2011) Camphene, a Plant-Derived Monoterpene, Reduces Plasma Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Hyperlipidemic Rats Independently of HMG-CoA Reductase Activity. PLoS ONE 6:11, pages e20516.
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Xavier Pintó & Manuel Zúñiga. (2011) Tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia y prevención de las enfermedades cardiovasculares mediante la inhibición de la reabsorción de ácidos biliares con resincolestiramina. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 23, pages 9-16.
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Alexandros Vakalopoulos, Carsten Schmeck, Michael Thutewohl, Volkhart Li, Hilmar Bischoff, Klemens Lustig, Olaf Weber, Holger Paulsen & Harry Elias. (2011) Chromanol derivatives—A novel class of CETP inhibitors. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21:1, pages 488-491.
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Antonio García-Ríos, Javier Delgado-Lista, Pablo Pérez Martínez, Francisco Fuentes-Jiménez, Francisco Pérez-Jiménez & José López-Miranda. (2011) Eficacia de las estatinas en el manejo de la dislipemia. Un paso adelante. Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos 11, pages 14-20.
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R. Mangat, S. Warnakula, Y. Wang, J.C. Russell, R. Uwiera, D.F. Vine & S.D. Proctor. (2010) Model of intestinal chylomicron over-production and Ezetimibe treatment: Impact on the retention of cholesterol in arterial vessels. Atherosclerosis Supplements 11:1, pages 17-24.
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Eugene Y. Tan, Georgy Hartmann, Qing Chen, Antonio Pereira, Scott Bradley, George Doss, Andy Shiqiang Zhang, Jonathan Z. Ho, Matthew P. Braun, Dennis C. Dean, Wei Tang & Sanjeev Kumar. (2010) Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Excretion of Anacetrapib, a Novel Inhibitor of the Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein, in Rats and Rhesus Monkeys. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 38:3, pages 459-473.
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Tara L. Dall & Harold Bays. (2009) Addressing Lipid Treatment Targets Beyond Cholesterol: A Role for Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapy. Southern Medical Journal 102:4, pages 390-396.
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Gee-Hong Kuo, Thomas Rano, Patricia Pelton, Keith T. Demarest, Alan C. Gibbs, William V. Murray, Bruce P. Damiano & Margery A. Connelly. (2009) Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of (2 R ,α S )-3,4-Dihydro-2-[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5-[3-(trifluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-α-(trifluoromethyl)-1(2 H )-quinolineethanol as Potent and Orally Active Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 52:6, pages 1768-1772.
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Xavier Pintó. (2006) Las estatinas, los hábitos de vida y el tratamiento de la hipercolesterolemia: los tiempos cambian y los criterios también. Medicina Clínica 126:6, pages 217-219.
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