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The SOX family of genes in cancer development: biological relevance and opportunities for therapy

, PhD & , PhD
Pages 903-919 | Published online: 26 Jul 2012

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Laura Hüser, Daniel Novak, Viktor Umansky, Peter Altevogt & Jochen Utikal. (2018) Targeting SOX2 in anticancer therapy. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 22:12, pages 983-991.
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Yu Zhao, Zhi-gang Liu, Jiao Tang, Ren-fang Zou, Xiao-yan Chen, Guan-min Jiang, Yan-fang Qiu & Hui Wang. (2016) High expression of Sox10 correlates with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. OncoTargets and Therapy 9, pages 1671-1677.
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Swechha Mishra, Rashmi Tripathi & Sangeeta Singh. (2016) Crosstalk of proteins, miRNAs involved in metastatic and epithelial–mesenchymal transition pathways. Frontiers in Life Science 9:4, pages 323-346.
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Articles from other publishers (70)

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Yan Li, Duanfeng Jiang, Qin Zhang, Enyi Liu & Haigang Shao. (2022) Clinical implications and genetical insights of SOX6 expression in acute myeloid leukemia. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 149:8, pages 4443-4453.
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Xialin Cheng, Yan He, Wu Bao, Zexin Zhang, Lingxi Chen, Ge Song, Junhong Lan, Fangfang Xu, Chiyu Jia & Tao Dai. (2023) Transcriptomic analysis of mRNA expression in giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Gene 850, pages 146894.
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Ayansh Kaushik, Sudhanshu Mallan, Shivani Chib, Kanupriya Chauhan & Shamsher Singh. 2023. Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences. Handbook of Oncobiology: From Basic to Clinical Sciences 1 12 .
Egle-Helene Ervin, Rhiannon French, Chao-Hui Chang & Siim Pauklin. (2022) Inside the stemness engine: Mechanistic links between deregulated transcription factors and stemness in cancer. Seminars in Cancer Biology 87, pages 48-83.
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Guodong Chen, Yan Chen, Ruiquan Xu, Guoxi Zhang, Xiaofeng Zou & Gengqing Wu. (2022) Impact of SOX2 function and regulation on therapy resistance in bladder cancer. Frontiers in Oncology 12.
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Feiliang Zhong, Jia Liu, Chang Gao, Tingting Chen & Bo Li. (2022) Downstream Regulatory Network of MYBL2 Mediating Its Oncogenic Role in Melanoma. Frontiers in Oncology 12.
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Farhad Pouremamali, Vahid Vahedian, Nasrin Hassani, Sepideh Mirzaei, Amir Pouremamali, Hamid Kazemzadeh, Yousef Faridvand, Davoud Jafari-gharabaghlou, Mohammad Nouri & Nazila Fathi Maroufi. (2022) The role of SOX family in cancer stem cell maintenance: With a focus on SOX2. Pathology - Research and Practice 231, pages 153783.
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Ankita Dey, Moumita Kundu, Subhayan Das, Bikash Chandra Jena & Mahitosh Mandal. (2022) Understanding the function and regulation of Sox2 for its therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer 1877:2, pages 188692.
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Bin Liu, Yufei Cao, Yanyan Li, Haifeng Ma, Mingfei Yang, Qiang Zhang, Guofeng Li, Kai Zhang, Yue Wu, Youxin Zhou, Wei Yang & Ting Sun. (2022) Glioma Stem Cells Upregulate CD39 Expression to Escape Immune Response through SOX2 Modulation. Cancers 14:3, pages 783.
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Noha Hafez, Zahraa Modather El-Awadly & Reem K. Arafa. (2022) UCH-L3 structure and function: Insights about a promising drug target. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 227, pages 113970.
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Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh, Sepideh Mirzaei, Mohammad Hossein Gholami, Ali Zarrabi, Amirhossein Zabolian, Mehrdad Hashemi, Kiavash Hushmandi, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Amir Reza Aref & Saeed Samarghandian. (2021) Cervical cancer progression is regulated by SOX transcription factors: Revealing signaling networks and therapeutic strategies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 144, pages 112335.
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Milena Stevanovic, Natasa Kovacevic-Grujicic, Marija Mojsin, Milena Milivojevic & Danijela Drakulic. (2021) SOX transcription factors and glioma stem cells: Choosing between stemness and differentiation. World Journal of Stem Cells 13:10, pages 1417-1445.
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Marcell Lederer, Simon Müller, Markus Glaß, Nadine Bley, Christian Ihling, Andrea Sinz & Stefan Hüttelmaier. (2021) Oncogenic Potential of the Dual-Function Protein MEX3A. Biology 10:5, pages 415.
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Zhilin Song, Yanru Cui, Qiufu Li, Junhang Deng, Xianping Ding, Jiaoyu He, Yiran Liu, Zhuang Ju & Liyuan Fang. (2021) The genetic variability, phylogeny and functional significance of E6, E7 and LCR in human papillomavirus type 52 isolates in Sichuan, China. Virology Journal 18:1.
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Liming Yu, Fan Peng, Xue Dong, Ying Chen, Dongdong Sun, Shuai Jiang & Chao Deng. (2020) Sex-Determining Region Y Chromosome-Related High-Mobility-Group Box 10 in Cancer: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology 8.
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Yoshiki Higashijima & Yasuharu Kanki. (2020) Molecular mechanistic insights: The emerging role of SOXF transcription factors in tumorigenesis and development. Seminars in Cancer Biology 67, pages 39-48.
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Daniel Novak, Laura Hüser, Jonathan J. Elton, Viktor Umansky, Peter Altevogt & Jochen Utikal. (2020) SOX2 in development and cancer biology. Seminars in Cancer Biology 67, pages 74-82.
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Prasann Kumar & Tapan Kumar Mistri. (2020) Transcription factors in SOX family: Potent regulators for cancer initiation and development in the human body. Seminars in Cancer Biology 67, pages 105-113.
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Daniela Grimm, Johann Bauer, Petra Wise, Marcus Krüger, Ulf Simonsen, Markus Wehland, Manfred Infanger & Thomas J. Corydon. (2020) The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Seminars in Cancer Biology 67, pages 122-153.
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Mateusz Olbromski, Marzenna Podhorska-Okołów & Piotr Dzięgiel. (2020) Role of SOX Protein Groups F and H in Lung Cancer Progression. Cancers 12:11, pages 3235.
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Qianqian Geng, Huixing Deng, Jiao Fu & Feibo Cui. (2020) SOX18 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in papillary thyroid carcinoma through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Experimental Cell Research 396:1, pages 112249.
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Elisa Lozano, Maitane Asensio, Laura Perez‐Silva, Jesus M. Banales, Oscar Briz & Jose J.G. Marin. (2020) MRP3‐Mediated Chemoresistance in Cholangiocarcinoma: Target for Chemosensitization Through Restoring SOX17 Expression. Hepatology 72:3, pages 949-964.
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Ye Liu, Wei Wang, Yuan Li & Yao Huang. (2020) SOX30 confers a tumor suppressive effect in acute myeloid leukemia through inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Molecular and Cellular Probes 52, pages 101578.
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Chongwen Xu, Junsong Liu, Xiaobao Yao, Yanxia Bai, Qian Zhao, Ruimin Zhao, Bo Kou, Honghui Li, Peng Han, Xuan Wang, Longwei Guo, Zhiwei Zheng & Shaoqiang Zhang. (2020) Downregulation of microR-147b represses the proliferation and invasion of thyroid carcinoma cells by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting SOX15. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 501, pages 110662.
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Kan-kan Yang, Hui-mian Xu, Jin-yu Huang, Yu-xuan Guo & Zhen-ning Wang. (2020) Low SOX12 Expression Is Correlated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer. Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 19, pages 153303381990112.
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Yue Xue, Wenwen Lian, Jiaqi Zhi, Wenjuan Yang, Qianjin Li, Xingyi Guo, Jiahao Gao, Hao Qu, Weiqiang Lin, Zhongqi Li, Lihua Lai & Qingqing Wang. (2019) HDAC5-mediated deacetylation and nuclear localisation of SOX9 is critical for tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 121:12, pages 1039-1049.
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Shilin Song, Diana Andrejeva, Flávia C. P. Freitas, Stephen M. Cohen & Héctor Herranz. (2019) dTcf/Pangolin suppresses growth and tumor formation in Drosophila . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116:28, pages 14055-14064.
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Shirin Mahmoodi, Navid Nezafat, Manica Negahdaripour & Younes Ghasemi. (2019) A New Approach for Cancer Immunotherapy Based on the Cancer Stem Cell Antigens Properties. Current Molecular Medicine 19:1, pages 2-11.
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Ying Zheng, Yong Sun, Yi Liu, Xianlong Zhang, Fayin Li, Lin Li & Jiayu Wang. (2018) The miR-31-SOX10 axis regulates tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance of melanoma via PI3K/AKT pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 503:4, pages 2451-2458.
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Mateusz Olbromski, Marzenna Podhorska‑Okoł�w & Piotr Dzięgiel. (2018) Role of the SOX18 protein in neoplastic processes (Review). Oncology Letters.
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Fei Han, Wen-bin Liu, Xiao-yan Shi, Jun-tang Yang, Xi Zhang, Zhi-ming Li, Xiao Jiang, Li Yin, Jian-jun Li, Chuan-shu Huang, Jia Cao & Jin-yi Liu. (2018) SOX30 Inhibits Tumor Metastasis through Attenuating Wnt-Signaling via Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of β-Catenin in Lung Cancer. EBioMedicine 31, pages 253-266.
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S.-L. Xie, S. Fan, S.-Y. Zhang, W.-X. Chen, Q.-X. Li, G.-K. Pan, H.-Q. Zhang, W.-W. Wang, B. Weng, Z. Zhang, J.-S. Li & Z.-Y. Lin. (2018) SOX8 regulates cancer stem-like properties and cisplatin-induced EMT in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. International Journal of Cancer 142:6, pages 1252-1265.
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Li Cui, Xinyuan Zhao & Shen Hu. 2018. Gene Expression and Regulation in Mammalian Cells - Transcription From General Aspects. Gene Expression and Regulation in Mammalian Cells - Transcription From General Aspects.
Heewon ParkTeppei ShimamuraSeiya ImotoSatoru Miyano. (2018) Adaptive NetworkProfiler for Identifying Cancer Characteristic-Specific Gene Regulatory Networks. Journal of Computational Biology 25:2, pages 130-145.
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Weijie Gu, Beihe Wang, Fangning Wan, Junlong Wu, Xiaolin Lu, Hongkai Wang, Yao Zhu, Hailiang Zhang, Guohai Shi, Bo Dai & Dingwei Ye. (2018) SOX2 and SOX12 are predictive of prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncology Letters.
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Grant Harrison, Amanda Hemmerich, Cynthia Guy, Kathryn Perkinson, Debra Fleming, Shannon McCall, Diana Cardona & Xuefeng Zhang. (2018) Overexpression of SOX11 and TFE3 in Solid-Pseudopapillary Neoplasms of the Pancreas. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 149:1, pages 67-75.
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Apiwat Pugongchai, Andrey Bychkov & Pichet Sampatanukul. (2017) Promoter hypermethylation of SOX11 correlates with adverse clinicopathological features of human prostate cancer . International Journal of Experimental Pathology 98:6, pages 341-346.
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Xiaohui Rui, Yun Xu, Xiping Jiang, Caixia Guo & Jingting Jiang. (2017) SOX15 regulates proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer cells . Bioscience Reports 37:5.
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Estefania Carrasco-Garcia, Mikel García-Puga, Manuel Moreno, Nicolas Sampron, Sara Arevalo & Ander Matheu. 2017. Gastric Cancer. Gastric Cancer.
Sara Cuvertino, Genny Filiciotto, Ashish Masurekar, Vaskar Saha, Georges Lacaud & Valerie Kouskoff. (2016) SOX7 promotes the maintenance and proliferation of B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic cells. Oncotarget 8:39, pages 64974-64983.
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Shiqing Song, Faliang Lin, Pengyan Zhu, Changyan Wu, Shuling Zhao, Qiao Han & Xiaomei Li. (2017) Extract of Spatholobus suberctus Dunn ameliorates ischemia-induced injury by targeting miR-494. PLOS ONE 12:9, pages e0184348.
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Hua Chen, Cassandra C. Garbutt, Dimitrios Spentzos, Edwin Choy, Francis J. Hornicek & Zhenfeng Duan. (2017) Expression and Therapeutic Potential of SOX9 in Chordoma. Clinical Cancer Research 23:17, pages 5176-5186.
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Maite Merino-Azpitarte, Elisa Lozano, María J. Perugorria, Aitor Esparza-Baquer, Oihane Erice, Álvaro Santos-Laso, Colm J. O'Rourke, Jesper B. Andersen, Raúl Jiménez-Agüero, Adelaida Lacasta, Mauro D'Amato, Óscar Briz, Nidhi Jalan-Sakrikar, Robert C. Huebert, Kristen M. Thelen, Sergio A. Gradilone, Ana M. Aransay, José L. Lavín, Maite G. Fernández-Barrena, Ander Matheu, Marco Marzioni, Gregory J. Gores, Luis Bujanda, José J.G. Marin & Jesús M. Banales. (2017) SOX17 regulates cholangiocyte differentiation and acts as a tumor suppressor in cholangiocarcinoma. Journal of Hepatology 67:1, pages 72-83.
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Baolan Gong, Yan Yue, Renxiao Wang, Yi Zhang, Quanfang Jin & Xi Zhou. (2017) Overexpression of microRNA-194 suppresses the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in targeting stem cell transcription factor Sox3 in endometrial carcinoma stem cells. Tumor Biology 39:6, pages 101042831770621.
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Idoia Garcia, Juncal Aldaregia, Jelena Marjanovic Vicentic, Paula Aldaz, Leire Moreno-Cugnon, Sergio Torres-Bayona, Estefania Carrasco-Garcia, Laura Garros-Regulez, Larraitz Egaña, Angel Rubio, Steven Pollard, Milena Stevanovic, Nicolas Sampron & Ander Matheu. (2017) Oncogenic activity of SOX1 in glioblastoma. Scientific Reports 7:1.
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Ali Moradi, Faezeh Ghasemi, Kazem Anvari, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian, Saeideh Ahmadi Simab, Safieh Ebrahimi, Amirreza Hesari, Mohammad Mahdi Forghanifard, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki, Soodabeh ShahidSales & Amir Avan. (2017) The cross-regulation between SOX15 and Wnt signaling pathway. Journal of Cellular Physiology.
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Jie Huang & Li Guo. (2017) Knockdown of SOX9 Inhibits the Proliferation, Invasion, and EMT in Thyroid Cancer Cells. Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics 25:2, pages 167-176.
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Wenqing Jean Lee, Sumantra Chatterjee, Sook Peng Yap, Siew Lan Lim, Xing Xing, Petra Kraus, Wenjie Sun, Xiaoming Hu, V. Sivakamasundari, Hsiao Yun Chan, Prasanna R. Kolatkar, Shyam Prabhakar & Thomas Lufkin. (2017) An Integrative Developmental Genomics and Systems Biology Approach to Identify an In Vivo Sox Trio-Mediated Gene Regulatory Network in Murine Embryos. BioMed Research International 2017, pages 1-16.
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Huaqi Yin, Zhengzuo Sheng, Xiaowei Zhang, Yiqing Du, Caipeng Qin, Huixin Liu, Yaojun Dun, Qi Wang, Chengyue Jin, Yanhui Zhao & Tao Xu. (2016) Overexpression of SOX18 promotes prostate cancer progression via the regulation of TCF1, c-Myc, cyclin�D1 and MMP-7. Oncology Reports.
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Mar Orriols, Saray Varona, Silvia Aguiló, María Galán, José Martínez González & Cristina Rodríguez. (2016) La inflamación inhibe la expresión vascular de la fibulina-5: implicación del factor de transcripción SOX9. Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis 28:6, pages 271-280.
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Hanzhi Ding, Hong Quan, Weiguo Yan & Jing Han. (2016) Silencing of SOX12 by shRNA suppresses migration, invasion and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Bioscience Reports 36:5.
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Mateusz Olbromski, Jedrzej Grzegrzolka, Alina Jankowska‑Konsur, Wojciech Witkiewicz, Marzena Podhorska‑Okolow & Piotr Dziegiel. (2016) MicroRNAs modulate the expression of the SOX18 transcript in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Oncology Reports.
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Mar Orriols, Saray Varona, Ingrid Martí-Pàmies, María Galán, Anna Guadall, José Román Escudero, José Luis Martín-Ventura, Mercedes Camacho, Luis Vila, José Martínez-González & Cristina Rodríguez. (2016) Down-regulation of Fibulin-5 is associated with aortic dilation: role of inflammation and epigenetics. Cardiovascular Research 110:3, pages 431-442.
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Jianxiang Zhang, Yanmei Ma, Shoujun Wang, Fu Chen & Yuanting Gu. (2016) Suppression of SOX18 by siRNA inhibits cell growth and invasion of breast cancer cells. Oncology Reports.
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Jean-François Schmouth, David Arenillas, Ximena Corso-Díaz, Yuan-Yun Xie, Slavita Bohacec, Kathleen G. Banks, Russell J. Bonaguro, Siaw H. Wong, Steven J. M. Jones, Marco A. Marra, Elizabeth M. Simpson & Wyeth W. Wasserman. (2015) Combined serial analysis of gene expression and transcription factor binding site prediction identifies novel-candidate-target genes of Nr2e1 in neocortex development. BMC Genomics 16:1.
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Priyanka Sharma & Rinu Sharma. (2015) miRNA–mRNA crosstalk in esophageal cancer: From diagnosis to therapy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 96:3, pages 449-462.
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Isidora Petrovic, Milena Milivojevic, Jelena Popovic, Marija Schwirtlich, Branislava Rankovic & Milena Stevanovic. (2015) SOX18 Is a Novel Target Gene of Hedgehog Signaling in Cervical Carcinoma Cell Lines. PLOS ONE 10:11, pages e0143591.
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JINGJIE WANG, HUIJUAN ZENG, HANJUN LI, JUANJUAN ZHANG & SHAOHUA WANG. (2015) Roles of sex-determining region Y-box 2 in cell pluripotency and tumor-related signaling pathways. Molecular and Clinical Oncology 3:6, pages 1203-1207.
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Ning Yang, Yan Wang, Lian Hui, Xiaotian Li & Xuejun Jiang. (2015) SOX 1, contrary to SOX 2, suppresses proliferation, migration, and invasion in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Tumor Biology 36:11, pages 8625-8635.
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Xu-Feng Zhang & Yi Lv. (2015) Does the Sex-Determining Region on the Y Chromosome (SRY) Correlate with Gender Disparity in Liver Disease?. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 60:4, pages 1111-1112.
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JIANXIN CUI, HONGQING XI, AIZHEN CAI, SHIBO BIAN, BO WEI & LIN CHEN. (2014) Decreased expression of Sox7 correlates with the upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and the poor survival of gastric cancer patients. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 34:1, pages 197-204.
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Davalyn R. Powell, Jenean H. O’Brien, Heide L. Ford & Kristin Bruk Artinger. 2014. Neural Crest Cells. Neural Crest Cells 335 357 .
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Haibo Zhu, Jie Tang, Mingjie Tang & Haikang Cai. (2013) Upregulation of SOX9 in osteosarcoma and its association with tumor progression and patients’ prognosis. Diagnostic Pathology 8:1.
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Daniel B. Stovall, Meimei Wan, Lance D. Miller, Paul Cao, Dejan Maglic, Qiang Zhang, Martha R. Stampfer, Wennuan Liu, Jianfeng Xu & Guangchao Sui. (2013) The Regulation of SOX7 and Its Tumor Suppressive Role in Breast Cancer. The American Journal of Pathology 183:5, pages 1645-1653.
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Xiaodong Guo, Mei Yang, Hao Gu, Jingmin Zhao & Lin Zou. (2013) Decreased expression of SOX6 confers a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiology 37:5, pages 732-736.
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Mathilde Bobinet, Virginie Vignard, Laetitia Florenceau, Francois Lang, Nathalie Labarriere & Agnès Moreau-Aubry. (2013) Overexpression of Meloe Gene in Melanomas Is Controlled Both by Specific Transcription Factors and Hypomethylation. PLoS ONE 8:9, pages e75421.
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Yongzhao Zhu, Yong Li, Jun Wei Jun Wei & Xiaoming Liu. (2012) The Role of Sox Genes in Lung Morphogenesis and Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13:12, pages 15767-15783.
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