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Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Volume 13, 2014 - Issue 9
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Statin myopathy: the fly in the ointment for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in the 21st century?

Helen I KeenUniversity of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Rheumatology, Statin Myopathy Clinic, Level 4, Medical Research Foundation Building, Rear 50 Murray Street, Perth WA, 6000, Australia+61 08 9224 0244; +61 08 9224; [email protected]
, MBBS FRACP PhD,
Janakan KrishnarajahLinear Clinical Research Ltd, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
, MBBS FRACP,
Timothy R BatesUniversity of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Lipid Disorders Clinic (Cardiovascular medicine), Perth, WA, Australia
, MBBS FRACP &
Gerald F WattsUniversity of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Lipid Disorders Clinic (Cardiovascular medicine), Perth, WA, Australia
, DSc MB BS PhD DM FRCP FRACP
Pages 1227-1239 | Published online: 12 Jul 2014

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Juan Pedro-Botet, Elisenda Climent & David Benaiges. (2019) Muscle and statins: from toxicity to the nocebo effect. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 18:7, pages 573-579.
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Engi Abdel-Hady Algharably, Iris Filler, Stephanie Rosenfeld, Katja Grabowski & Reinhold Kreutz. (2017) Statin intolerance – a question of definition. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 16:1, pages 55-63.
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Michael M Page & Gerald F Watts. (2015) Evolocumab in the treatment of dyslipidemia: pre-clinical and clinical pharmacology. Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 11:9, pages 1505-1515.
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Michael M Page & Gerald F Watts. (2015) Emerging PCSK9 inhibitors for treating dyslipidaemia: buttressing the gaps in coronary prevention. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 20:2, pages 299-312.
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Scott M. Vouri, Earl J. Morris, Marta Walsh, Jessica Agalliu, Alyssa Dempsey, Leonie Hochleitner, Matthew R. Muschett, Stephan Schmidt, Carl J. Pepine & Steven M. Smith. (2023) High‐throughput screening for prescribing cascades among real world statin initiators. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 32:7, pages 773-782.
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Wann Jia Loh & Gerald F. Watts. (2023) The Management of Hypercholesterolemia in Patients with Neuromuscular Disorder. Current Atherosclerosis Reports 25:2, pages 43-53.
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PRIYANKA VENUNGOPAL, KARTHIKEYAN BALAKRISHNAN, DAMAL KANDADAI SRIRAM & MELVIN GEORGE. (2022) INCLISIRAN (LEQVIO): A FIRST-IN-CLASS SMALL INTERFERING RNA THERAPEUTIC DRUG APPROVED BY FDA FOR TREATING PRIMARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA OR DYSLIPIDEMIA. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, pages 42-46.
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Qingtao Hou, Yuqin Chen, Yingxiao Zhang & Caishuang Pang. (2022) Comparative Muscle Tolerability of Different Types and Intensities of Statins: A Network Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy.
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Natalie C. Ward, Christopher M. Reid & Gerald F. Watts. (2022) Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering effect of a nutraceutical regimen with or without ezetimibe in hypercholesterolaemic patients with statin intolerance. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 9.
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Ibadete Bytyçi, Peter E Penson, Dimitri P Mikhailidis, Nathan D Wong, Adrian V Hernandez, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Paul D Thompson, Mohsen Mazidi, Jacek Rysz, Daniel Pella, Željko Reiner, Peter P Toth & Maciej Banach. (2022) Prevalence of statin intolerance: a meta-analysis. European Heart Journal 43:34, pages 3213-3223.
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Barbara S. Wiggins, James M. Backes & Daniel Hilleman. (2022) Statin‐associated muscle symptoms—A review: Individualizing the approach to optimize care. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 42:5, pages 428-438.
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Anna Campain, Carinna Hockham, Louisa Sukkar, Kris Rogers, Clara K Chow, Thomas Lung, Min Jun, Carol Pollock, Alan Cass, David Sullivan, Elizabeth Comino, David Peiris & Meg Jardine. (2022) Prior Cardiovascular Treatments—A Key Characteristic in Determining Medication Adherence After an Acute Myocardial Infarction. Frontiers in Pharmacology 13.
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Jesung Park, Hyun Kang, Yoo Shin Choi, Suk-Won Suh, Soon Auck Hong, Geun Joo Choi & Woo Jung Sim. (2022) Prevention of Intra-Abdominal Adhesions Using the Combination of Mediclore® and a Statin. European Surgical Research 63:3, pages 123-131.
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Dongdong Jia, XinYue Zhang, Qianqian Guo, Rui Yang, Haitao Yu, Mengzhu Zhao, Liu Shi, Menghua Liu, Aiming Wu & Dongmei Zhang. (2022) Efficacy and Underlying Mechanism of Berberine Against Atherosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis in Preclinical Animal Studies. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 80:3, pages 476-488.
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Quentin M. Anstee, Kate Hallsworth, Niall Lynch, Adrien Hauvespre, Eid Mansour, Sam Kozma, John-Paul Marino, Juliana Bottomley, James Piercy & Victoria Higgins. (2022) Real-world management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis differs from clinical practice guideline recommendations and across regions. JHEP Reports 4:1, pages 100411.
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Kévin Bourbiaux, Baptiste Legrand, Pascal Verdié, Sergio Mallart, Géraldine Manette, Claire Minoletti, J. David Stepp, Philippe Prigent, Jean-Christophe Le Bail, Laurence Gauzy-Lazo, Olivier Duclos, Jean Martinez & Muriel Amblard. (2021) Potent Lys Patch-Containing Stapled Peptides Targeting PCSK9. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 64:15, pages 10834-10848.
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Anosh Sivashanmugarajah, Jordan Fulcher, David Sullivan, Marshall Elam, Alicia Jenkins & Anthony Keech. (2019) Suggested clinical approach for the diagnosis and management of ‘statin intolerance’ with an emphasis on muscle‐related side‐effects. Internal Medicine Journal 49:9, pages 1081-1091.
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Natalie C. Ward, Michael M. Page & Gerald F. Watts. (2019) PCSK9 inhibition 2018: riding a new wave of coronary prevention. Clinical Science 133:2, pages 205-224.
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Natalie C. WardGerald F. WattsRobert H. Eckel. (2019) Statin Toxicity. Circulation Research 124:2, pages 328-350.
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Jie Yang, Junichi Hasegawa, Yusuke Endo, Kazuhiko Iitsuka, Miwa Yamamoto & Akiko Matsuda. (2019) Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Between Rosuvastatin and Tanjin in Healthy Volunteers and Rats. Yonago Acta Medica 62:1, pages 077-084.
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Ankita Solanki, Lokesh Kumar Bhatt & Thomas P. Johnston. (2018) Evolving targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 187, pages 1-12.
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Peter Ihle, Franz-Werner Dippel & Ingrid Schubert. (2018) Statin-associated myopathy. Assessment of frequency based on data of all statutory health insurance funds in Germany. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives 6:3, pages e00404.
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Michael M. Page & Gerald F. Watts. (2017) PCSK 9 in context: A contemporary review of an important biological target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease . Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 20:2, pages 270-282.
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Natalie C. Ward, Jing Pang, Jacqueline D.M. Ryan & Gerald F. Watts. (2018) Nutraceuticals in the management of patients with statin-associated muscle symptoms, with a note on real-world experience. Clinical Cardiology 41:1, pages 159-165.
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Qingtao Hou, Sheyu Li, Ling Li, Yun Li, Xin Sun & Haoming Tian. (2015) Association Between SLCO1B1 Gene T521C Polymorphism and Statin-Related Myopathy Risk. Medicine 94:37, pages e1268.
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Z. Argov. (2014) Statins and the neuromuscular system: a neurologist's perspective. European Journal of Neurology 22:1, pages 31-36.
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Jing Pang, Dick C. Chan & Gerald F. Watts. 2015. Combination Therapy In Dyslipidemia. Combination Therapy In Dyslipidemia 73 86 .
Seth J. Baum, E.J.G. Sijbrands, Pedro Mata & Gerald F. Watts. (2014) The doctor's dilemma: Challenges in the diagnosis and care of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Journal of Clinical Lipidology 8:6, pages 542-549.
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