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Expert Opinion on Drug Safety Volume 7, 2008 - Issue 5
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Review

The safety of clozapine in the elderly

Pietro Gareri Chair of Pharmacology University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy +39 0961 774424; +39 0961 774424; [email protected]; Operative Unit “Elderly Health Care”, ASP Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
, MD PhD,
Pasquale De Fazio Researcher, Chair of Psychiatry University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Mater Domini University Hospital, School of Medicine, Clinical Psychiatric Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
, MD,
Emilio Russo Chair of Pharmacology University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
,
Norma Marigliano Chair of Pharmacology University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
,
Salvatore De Fazio Chair of Pharmacology University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
, MD &
Giovambattista De Sarro Full Professor, Chair of Pharmacology University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, “Mater Domini” University Hospital, Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Via T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
, MD
Pages 525-538 | Published online: 01 Sep 2008

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Amira M Ghoneim & Suzan M Mansour. (2020) The Effect of Liver and Kidney Disease on the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine and Sildenafil: A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Drug Design, Development and Therapy 14, pages 1469-1479.
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Christoffer Polcwiartek, Kristian Kragholm, Ole Schjerning, Claus Graff & Jimmi Nielsen. (2016) Cardiovascular safety of antipsychotics: a clinical overview. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 15:5, pages 679-688.
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Pasquale De Fazio, Raffaele Gaetano, Mariarita Caroleo, Gregorio Cerminara, Francesca Maida, Antonio Bruno, Maria Rosaria Muscatello, Maria Jose Jaén Moreno, Emilio Russo & Cristina Segura-García. (2015) Rare and very rare adverse effects of clozapine. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 11, pages 1995-2003.
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Pietro Gareri, Cristina Segura-García, Valeria Graziella Laura Manfredi, Antonella Bruni, Paola Ciambrone, Gregorio Cerminara, Giovambattista De Sarro & Pasquale De Fazio. (2014) Use of atypical antipsychotics in the elderly: a clinical review. Clinical Interventions in Aging 9, pages 1363-1373.
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Lama M. Chahine, Diler Acar & Zeina Chemali. (2010) The Elderly Safety Imperative and Antipsychotic Usage. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 18:3, pages 158-172.
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Arwed E. Michael, Nikolaus Michael, Andreas Erfurth & Milenko Kujovic. (2023) Clozapine for the treatment of aggressiveness and agitation in advanced dementia. Psychogeriatrics 23:6, pages 963-972.
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Chia-Chun Yang, Xi-Yu Wang, Po-Han Chou & Ching-Hua Lin. (2023) Valproate-related neutropenia and lithium-related leukocytosis in patients treated with clozapine: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Psychiatry 23:1.
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Suzanne Reeves, Julie Bertrand, Stephen John Obee, Samora Hunter, Robert Howard & Robert James Flanagan. (2023) A population pharmacokinetic model to guide clozapine dose selection, based on age, sex, ethnicity, body weight and smoking status. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.
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Jonathan D. Artz & James A. Bourgeois. (2021) Clozapine in geriatric psychiatry: the need for robust contemporary clinical research to ascertain indications, risks, and benefits in vivo . International Psychogeriatrics 34:10, pages 857-859.
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Melissa Renzenbrink & Anne Pamela Frances Wand. (2021) A systematic review of clozapine’s effectiveness for primary psychotic and bipolar disorders in older adults. International Psychogeriatrics 34:10, pages 875-887.
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Paweł Zagożdzon & Przemysław Waszak. (2022) Increased risk of death compared to other antipsychotics in elderly clozapine users in Poland. International Clinical Psychopharmacology 37:3, pages 110-115.
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Timothy David Tanzer, Thomas Brouard, Samuel Dal Pra, Nicola Warren, Michael Barras, Steve Kisely, Emily Brooks & Dan Siskind. (2022) Treatment strategies for clozapine-induced hypotension: a systematic review. Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 12, pages 204512532210929.
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Teodorescu Andreea, Ifteni Petru, Ana Aliana Miron, Petric Paula-Simina & Dima Lorena. (2020) Clozapine for Treatment-Refractory Aggressive Behavior. Psychiatric Quarterly 92:2, pages 721-733.
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Donald J. AbrahamRichard Young. 2003. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery. Burger's Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery 1 76 .
Ehtesham Iqbal, Risha Govind, Alvin Romero, Olubanke Dzahini, Matthew Broadbent, Robert Stewart, Tanya Smith, Chi-Hun Kim, Nomi Werbeloff, James H. MacCabe, Richard J. B. Dobson & Zina M. Ibrahim. (2020) The side effect profile of Clozapine in real world data of three large mental health hospitals. PLOS ONE 15:12, pages e0243437.
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Alice Law & Matthew Croucher. (2019) Prescribing trends and safety of clozapine in an older persons mental health population. International Psychogeriatrics 31:12, pages 1823-1829.
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M. Royer, J. Lefebvre, J. Breton, A. Boursier, M. Compagnon & D. Pons. (2019) Incidence des neutropénies et agranulocytoses sous clozapine nécessitant un arrêt ou une surveillance particulière du traitement : étude rétrospective dans un établissement psychiatrique sur une période de 14 ans. Le Pharmacien Hospitalier et Clinicien 54:3, pages 288-297.
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Keval Dabba, Matthew Elswood, Ahmed Ameer, David Gerrett & Ian Maidment. (2019) A mixed methods analysis of clozapine errors reported to the National Reporting and Learning System. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 28:5, pages 657-664.
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Aninditha Vengassery & John Kasckow. 2019. Schizophrenia and Psychoses in Later Life. Schizophrenia and Psychoses in Later Life 128 134 .
Jen Benbow, Anne PF Wand & Brett Simpson. (2018) A pilot study examining the profile of older people on clozapine. Australasian Psychiatry 26:6, pages 619-623.
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Parita Shah, Yusuke Iwata, Eric Plitman, Eric E. Brown, Fernando Caravaggio, Julia Kim, Shinichiro Nakajima, Margaret Hahn, Gary Remington, Philip Gerretsen & Ariel Graff-Guerrero. (2018) The impact of delay in clozapine initiation on treatment outcomes in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A systematic review. Psychiatry Research 268, pages 114-122.
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Kristen N. Knoph, Robert J. MorganIIIIII, Brian A. Palmer, Kathryn M. Schak, Amanda C. Owen, Megan R. Leloux, Mayur Patel & Jonathan G. Leung. (2018) Clozapine-induced cardiomyopathy and myocarditis monitoring: A systematic review. Schizophrenia Research 199, pages 17-30.
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Amey Kirrane, Biswadeep Majumdar & Anna Richman. (2018) Clozapine use in old age psychiatry. BJPsych Advances 24:3, pages 204-211.
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Domenico De Berardis, Gabriella Rapini, Luigi Olivieri, Domenico Di Nicola, Carmine Tomasetti, Alessandro Valchera, Michele Fornaro, Fabio Di Fabio, Giampaolo Perna, Marco Di Nicola, Gianluca Serafini, Alessandro Carano, Maurizio Pompili, Federica Vellante, Laura Orsolini, Giovanni Martinotti & Massimo Di Giannantonio. (2018) Safety of antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia: a focus on the adverse effects of clozapine. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 9:5, pages 237-256.
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Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku, P.T. Sivakumar & Mathew Varghese. (2018) Clozapine use in geriatric patients— Challenges. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 33, pages 63-67.
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Dao Thu Trang, Charlène Cool, Clarisse Laffon de Mazieres, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Jean-Louis Montastruc, Olivier Rascol, Yves Rolland & Agnès Sommet. (2017) Mortality and Antipsychotic Drug Use in Elderly Patients With Parkinson Disease in Nursing Homes. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 18:9, pages 791-796.
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So Yeon JeonHanson Park. (2015) A Case of Clozapine-Induced Anemia and Thrombocytosis. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 54:2, pages 252.
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Shani Pridan, Marnina Swartz, Yehuda Baruch, Shelly Tadger, Igor Plopski & Yoram Barak. (2014) Effectiveness and safety of clozapine in elderly patients with chronic resistant schizophrenia. International Psychogeriatrics 27:1, pages 131-134.
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Rita Citraro, Antonio Leo, Rossana Aiello, Michela Pugliese, Emilio Russo & Giovambattista De Sarro. (2014) Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of Chronic Antipsychotic Drugs on Epileptic Susceptibility in Genetically Epilepsy-prone Rats. Neurotherapeutics 12:1, pages 250-262.
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Ulrich C. Lutz, Ahmad Sirfy, Gerlinde Wiatr, Danuta Altpa?Gisbert Farger, Thomas Gasser, Kathrin N. Karle & Anil Batra. (2014) Clozapine serum concentrations in dopamimetic psychosis in Parkinson?s disease and related disorders. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70:12, pages 1471-1476.
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Stefan Schmidinger & Alex Hofer. (2014) Pulmonary Embolism and Aspiration Pneumonia After Reexposure to Clozapine. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 34:3, pages 385-387.
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