285
Views
98
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Pure Consciousness: Distinct Phenomenological and Physiological Correlates of “Consciousness Itself”

&
Pages 77-89 | Received 30 Mar 1999, Published online: 07 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (10)

Marie Loiselle & Frederick Travis. (2023) Improving physical and mental health of college students through Consciousness-Based Education. Journal of American College Health 71:9, pages 2673-2678.
Read now
Monali Bhattacharya & Kamna Gaur. (2023) Transcendental meditation, education, health and wellbeing: a spiritual approach. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health 0:0, pages 1-11.
Read now
Stephen D. Edwards. (2013) Influence of a Self-identification Meditation Intervention on Psychological and Neurophysiologic Variables. Journal of Psychology in Africa 23:1, pages 69-76.
Read now
Stephen D. Edwards. (2009) The Description and Evaluation of an African Breath Psychotherapeutic Workshop. Journal of Psychology in Africa 19:2, pages 253-259.
Read now
Aaron C.T. Smith. (2008) The Neuroscience of Spiritual Experience in Organizations. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion 5:1, pages 3-28.
Read now
Pei‐Chen Lo & Hsuan‐Yung Huang. (2007) Investigation of meditation scenario by quantifying the complexity index of EEG. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers 30:3, pages 389-400.
Read now
FREDERICK TRAVIS & ALARIK ARENANDER. (2006) CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION PRACTICE ON INTERHEMISPHERIC FRONTAL ASYMMETRY AND FRONTAL COHERENCE. International Journal of Neuroscience 116:12, pages 1519-1538.
Read now
Ljubomir Aftanas & Semen Golosheykin. (2005) Impact of regular meditation practice on EEG activity at rest and during evoked negative emotions. International Journal of Neuroscience 115:6, pages 893-909.
Read now
V. Shannon Burkett, JohnM. Cummins, RobertM. Dickson, MalcolmH. Skolnick, Russell Hebert, Gabriel Tan, Richard Kennerly, MarthaS. Lappin, George Martin, StevenT. Padgitt, PatriciaC. Post, GregoryR. Anderson, J.A. Putnam & S. Othmer. (2004) Poster Presentation Abstracts. Journal of Neurotherapy 8:2, pages 119-129.
Read now
. (2003) References. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 36:1-4, pages 333-383.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (88)

Avijit Chowdhury, Remko van Lutterveld, Ruben E. Laukkonen, Heleen A. Slagter, Daniel M. Ingram & Matthew D. Sacchet. (2023) Investigation of advanced mindfulness meditation “cessation” experiences using EEG spectral analysis in an intensively sampled case study. Neuropsychologia 190, pages 108694.
Crossref
Kenneth G. Walton, Supaya Wenuganen & Steven W. Cole. (2023) Transcendental Meditation practitioners show reduced expression of the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Adversity. Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health 32, pages 100672.
Crossref
Suraiya Luecke. (2022) Freediving neurophenomenology and skilled action: an investigation of brain, body, and behavior through breath. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 22:4, pages 761-797.
Crossref
Adriana Alcaraz-Sanchez. (2021) Awareness in the void: a micro-phenomenological exploration of conscious dreamless sleep. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 22:4, pages 867-905.
Crossref
Patrick Jones. (2022) Mindfulness and Nondual Well-Being – What is the Evidence that We Can Stay Happy?. Review of General Psychology 27:2, pages 103-120.
Crossref
Chiara Ruini, Francesca Vescovelli, Maria Facchini & Rossano Maset. (2023) Quiet Time- A School Program Based on Meditation for Promoting Well-Being in Children: Results from a Controlled Investigation. European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research 6:1, pages 1-9.
Crossref
Michael C. Dillbeck & Kenneth L. Cavanaugh. (2023) Empirical Evaluation of the Possible Contribution of Group Practice of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi Program to Reduction in Drug-Related Mortality. Medicina 59:2, pages 195.
Crossref
Brian D’Agostino. 2023. The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory, Volume II. The Interdisciplinary Handbook of Perceptual Control Theory, Volume II 319 348 .
Elena López, Rafael Jódar, Lucía Halty & Raquel Rodríguez-Carvajal. (2022) Meditative State Scale (MSS): Psychometric Validation and Exploration of Gamma-Band Correlates. Mindfulness 13:10, pages 2558-2573.
Crossref
Frederick Travis, Erik Thompson & Nyazi Parim. (2022) Differentiation of Self, Life Span Theory, and Higher Stages of Human Development. The Family Journal 30:3, pages 466-472.
Crossref
Adriana Alcaraz-Sánchez, Ema Demšar, Teresa Campillo-Ferrer & Susana Gabriela Torres-Platas. (2022) Nothingness Is All There Is: An Exploration of Objectless Awareness During Sleep. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts & Tarja Kallio-Tamminen. (2021) Self, Me and I in the repertoire of spontaneously occurring altered states of Selfhood: eight neurophenomenological case study reports. Cognitive Neurodynamics 16:2, pages 255-282.
Crossref
Michaela C. Pascoe, David R. Thompson & Chantal F. Ski. 2022. The Principles and Practice of Yoga in Cardiovascular Medicine. The Principles and Practice of Yoga in Cardiovascular Medicine 117 122 .
Ashish Pandey. 2022. Indigenous Indian Management. Indigenous Indian Management 23 59 .
Michaela C. Pascoe, Michael J. de Manincor, Mats Hallgren, Peter A. Baldwin, Jana Tseberja & Alexandra G. Parker. (2021) Psychobiological Mechanisms Underlying the Mental Health Benefits of Yoga-Based Interventions: a Narrative Review. Mindfulness 12:12, pages 2877-2889.
Crossref
Ruben E. Laukkonen & Heleen A. Slagter. (2021) From many to (n)one: Meditation and the plasticity of the predictive mind. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 128, pages 199-217.
Crossref
Alex Gamma & Thomas Metzinger. (2021) The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of “pure awareness” experiences in meditators. PLOS ONE 16:7, pages e0253694.
Crossref
Frederick Travis. 2021. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education 177 192 .
Frederick Travis. 2021. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education 160 176 .
Frederick Travis & John Collins. 2021. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education 144 159 .
Andrew A. Fingelkurts, Alexander A. Fingelkurts & Tarja Kallio-Tamminen. (2020) Selfhood triumvirate: From phenomenology to brain activity and back again. Consciousness and Cognition 86, pages 103031.
Crossref
Andrea Pintimalli, Tania Di Giuseppe, Grazia Serantoni, Joseph Glicksohn & Tal D. Ben-Soussan. (2020) Dynamics of the Sphere Model of Consciousness: Silence, Space, and Self. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
Eric Van Lente & Michael J. Hogan. (2020) Understanding the Nature of Oneness Experience in Meditators Using Collective Intelligence Methods. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
Zoran Josipovic & Vladimir Miskovic. (2020) Nondual Awareness and Minimal Phenomenal Experience. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
Patrizio Paoletti & Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan. (2020) Reflections on Inner and Outer Silence and Consciousness Without Contents According to the Sphere Model of Consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
Toby J. Woods, Jennifer M. Windt & Olivia Carter. (2020) Silence in Shamatha, Transcendental, and Stillness Meditation: An Evidence Synthesis Based on Expert Texts. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
Frederick Travis, Jonathan Nash, Niyazi Parim & Barry H. Cohen. (2020) Does the MRI/fMRI Procedure Itself Confound the Results of Meditation Research? An Evaluation of Subjective and Neurophysiological Measures of TM Practitioners in a Simulated MRI Environment. Frontiers in Psychology 11.
Crossref
J. Shashi Kiran Reddy & Sisir Roy. (2019) Understanding Meditation Based on the Subjective Experience and Traditional Goal: Implications for Current Meditation Research. Frontiers in Psychology 10.
Crossref
Patrick Jones. (2019) Mindfulness Training: Can It Create Superheroes?. Frontiers in Psychology 10.
Crossref
Jose Luis Rosario PT. (2019) Standardization method for teaching yoga meditation and asanas: a case study. MOJ Clinical & Medical Case Reports 9:1, pages 9-12.
Crossref
Zoran Josipovic. 2019. Meditation. Meditation 273 298 .
Heinrich Wallnöfer, Henriette Walter, Richard Crevenna, Lothar Krenner, Magdalena Singer, Julian Hannemann, Michaela Ott & Christian Schubert. 2019. Integrative Medizin. Integrative Medizin 919 974 .
Chandrkar Kamath. (2018) Assessment of dynamic characteristics of cardiac RR intervals during meditation using Poincaré plot and sequence trend analysis. Journal of Cardiology & Current Research 11:6, pages 271-279.
Crossref
Cassandra Vieten, Helané Wahbeh, B. Rael Cahn, Katherine MacLean, Mica Estrada, Paul Mills, Michael Murphy, Shauna Shapiro, Dean Radin, Zoran Josipovic, David E. Presti, Michael Sapiro, Jan Chozen Bays, Peter Russell, David Vago, Fred Travis, Roger Walsh & Arnaud Delorme. (2018) Future directions in meditation research: Recommendations for expanding the field of contemplative science. PLOS ONE 13:11, pages e0205740.
Crossref
Frederick T. Travis. 2018. Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga. Research-Based Perspectives on the Psychophysiology of Yoga 35 51 .
Helané Wahbeh, Amira Sagher, Wallis Back, Pooja Pundhir & Frederick Travis. (2018) A Systematic Review of Transcendent States Across Meditation and Contemplative Traditions. EXPLORE 14:1, pages 19-35.
Crossref
Larry Stevens, Mark Gauthier-Braham & Benjamin Bush. 2018. The Neuroscience of Empathy, Compassion, and Self-Compassion. The Neuroscience of Empathy, Compassion, and Self-Compassion 91 120 .
Michaela C. Pascoe, David R. Thompson & Chantal F. Ski. (2017) Yoga, mindfulness-based stress reduction and stress-related physiological measures: A meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 86, pages 152-168.
Crossref
Pascal L. Faber, Frederick Travis, Patricia Milz & Niyazi Parim. (2017) EEG microstates during different phases of Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processing 18:3, pages 307-314.
Crossref
Joyce B. PerkinsCatherine Aquino-Russell. (2017) Graduate Nurses Experience the Sacred During Transcendental Meditation®*. International Journal for Human Caring 21:4, pages 163-171.
Crossref
Frederick Travis, Niyazi Parim & Amrita Shrivastava. (2017) Higher theta and alpha1 coherence when listening to Vedic recitation compared to coherence during Transcendental Meditation practice. Consciousness and Cognition 49, pages 157-162.
Crossref
K. Ramakrishna RaoK. Ramakrishna Rao. 2017. Foundations of Yoga Psychology. Foundations of Yoga Psychology 137 174 .
Ravinder Jerath. (2016) Meditation Experiences, Self, and Boundaries of Consciousness. International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine 4:1.
Crossref
Guichen Li, Hua Yuan & Wei Zhang. (2016) The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Family Caregivers: Systematic Review. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 30:2, pages 292-299.
Crossref
Akshya Vasudev, Amanda Arena, Amer M. Burhan, Emily Ionson, Hussein Hirjee, Pramudith Maldeniya, Stephen Wetmore & Ronnie I. Newman. (2018) A training programme involving automatic self-transcending meditation in late-life depression: preliminary analysis of an ongoing randomised controlled trial - RETRACTED. BJPsych Open 2:2, pages 195-198.
Crossref
Allen D. Allen. (2016) The Forbidden Sentient Computer: Recent Progress in the Electronic Monitoring of Consciousness. IEEE Access 4, pages 5649-5658.
Crossref
Hau-Lung Chan, Lap-Yan Lo, Muriel Lin & Nigel Thompson. (2016) Revalidation of the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale — Revised (CAMS-R) With Its Newly Developed Chinese Version (Ch-CAMS-R). Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 10, pages e1.
Crossref
Michaela C. Pascoe & Isabelle E. Bauer. (2015) A systematic review of randomised control trials on the effects of yoga on stress measures and mood. Journal of Psychiatric Research 68, pages 270-282.
Crossref
Amanda E. Berman & Larry Stevens. (2015) EEG manifestations of nondual experiences in meditators. Consciousness and Cognition 31, pages 1-11.
Crossref
Zareen Amtul, Amanda Arena, Hussein Hirjee, Zaineb U Khan, Pramudith M Maldeniya, Ronnie I Newman, Amer M Burhan, Stephen Wetmore & Akshya Vasudev. (2014) A randomized controlled longitudinal naturalistic trial testing the effects of automatic self transcending meditation on heart rate variability in late life depression: study protocol. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 14:1.
Crossref
Brian Rees, Fred Travis, David Shapiro & Ruth Chant. (2014) Significant Reductions in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Congolese Refugees Within 10 days of Transcendental Meditation Practice. Journal of Traumatic Stress 27:1, pages 112-115.
Crossref
Frederick Travis. (2014) Transcendental experiences during meditation practice. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1307:1, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Jonathan Shear. 2014. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self. Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Consciousness and the Self 41 50 .
Eduard van Wijk, John Ackerman & Roeland van Wijk. 2014. Meditation – Neuroscientific Approaches and Philosophical Implications. Meditation – Neuroscientific Approaches and Philosophical Implications 365 380 .
Brian Rees, Fred Travis, David Shapiro & Ruth Chant. (2013) Reduction in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Congolese Refugees Practicing Transcendental Meditation. Journal of Traumatic Stress 26:2, pages 295-298.
Crossref
Kevin W ChenChristine C. BergerDevang GandhiEric WeintraubC. W. Lejuez. (2013) Adding Integrative Meditation with Ear Acupressure to Outpatient Treatment of Cocaine Addiction: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 19:3, pages 204-210.
Crossref
Metka Ravnik-Glavač, Sonja Hrašovec, Jure Bon, Jurij Dreu & Damjan Glavač. (2012) Genome-wide expression changes in a higher state of consciousness. Consciousness and Cognition 21:3, pages 1322-1344.
Crossref
Kevin W. Chen, Christine C. Berger, Eric Manheimer, Darlene Forde, Jessica Magidson, Laya Dachman & C. W. Lejuez. (2012) MEDITATIVE THERAPIES FOR REDUCING ANXIETY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS. Depression and Anxiety 29:7, pages 545-562.
Crossref
Stephen D. Edwards & David J. Edwards. (2012) An integral investigation into the phenomenology and neurophysiology of Christian Trinity meditation. HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 68:1.
Crossref
R.W. Boyer. (2012) Vedic Principles of Therapy. EXPLORE 8:1, pages 26-39.
Crossref
Christina F. Lavallee, Mathew D. Hunter & Michael A. Persinger. (2011) Intracerebral source generators characterizing concentrative meditation. Cognitive Processing 12:2, pages 141-150.
Crossref
Frederick Travis. 2011. States of Consciousness. States of Consciousness 223 234 .
Dharm P.S. BhawukDharm P. S. Bhawuk. 2011. Spirituality and Indian Psychology. Spirituality and Indian Psychology 47 63 .
Dharm P.S. BhawukDharm P. S. Bhawuk. 2011. Spirituality and Indian Psychology. Spirituality and Indian Psychology 25 45 .
Frederick Travis & Jonathan Shear. (2010) Reply to Josipovic: Duality and non-duality in meditation research. Consciousness and Cognition 19:4, pages 1122-1123.
Crossref
Fred Travis & Jonathan Shear. (2010) Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions. Consciousness and Cognition 19:4, pages 1110-1118.
Crossref
Antonino Raffone, Angela Tagini & Narayanan Srinivasan. (2010) MINDFULNESS AND THE COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF ATTENTION AND AWARENESS. Zygon® 45:3, pages 627-646.
Crossref
Antonino Raffone & Narayanan Srinivasan. (2009) The exploration of meditation in the neuroscience of attention and consciousness. Cognitive Processing 11:1, pages 1-7.
Crossref
B. Rael Cahn, Arnaud Delorme & John Polich. (2009) Occipital gamma activation during Vipassana meditation. Cognitive Processing 11:1, pages 39-56.
Crossref
Fred Travis. (2009) The Center for Brain, Consciousness, and Cognition at Maharishi University of Management. Cognitive Processing 11:1, pages 85-86.
Crossref
Fred Travis, David A. F. Haaga, John Hagelin, Melissa Tanner, Alaric Arenander, Sanford Nidich, Carolyn Gaylord-King, Sarina Grosswald, Maxwell Rainforth & Robert H. Schneider. (2009) A self-referential default brain state: patterns of coherence, power, and eLORETA sources during eyes-closed rest and Transcendental Meditation practice. Cognitive Processing 11:1, pages 21-30.
Crossref
David S. Black, Joel Milam & Steve Sussman. (2009) Sitting-Meditation Interventions Among Youth: A Review of Treatment Efficacy. Pediatrics 124:3, pages e532-e541.
Crossref
Harald Harung, Fred Travis, Warren Blank & Dennis Heaton. (2009) Higher development, brain integration, and excellence in leadership. Management Decision 47:6, pages 872-894.
Crossref
Paul Posadzki & Samantha Jacques. (2009) Tai Chi and Meditation. Journal of Holistic Nursing 27:2, pages 103-114.
Crossref
Melissa A. Tanner, Fred Travis, Carolyn Gaylord‐King, David A. F. Haaga, Sarina Grosswald & Robert H. Schneider. (2009) The Effects of the transcendental meditation program on mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology 65:6, pages 574-589.
Crossref
Harry T. Hunt. (2007) “Dark Nights of the Soul”: Phenomenology and Neurocognition of Spiritual Suffering in Mysticism and Psychosis. Review of General Psychology 11:3, pages 209-234.
Crossref
B. Rael Cahn & John Polich. (2006) Meditation states and traits: EEG, ERP, and neuroimaging studies.. Psychological Bulletin 132:2, pages 180-211.
Crossref
Roger Walsh & Shauna L. Shapiro. (2006) The meeting of meditative disciplines and western psychology: A mutually enriching dialogue.. American Psychologist 61:3, pages 227-239.
Crossref
Russell Hebert, Dietrich Lehmann, Gabriel Tan, Fred Travis & Alarik Arenander. (2005) Enhanced EEG alpha time-domain phase synchrony during Transcendental Meditation: Implications for cortical integration theory. Signal Processing 85:11, pages 2213-2232.
Crossref
Kenneth G. Walton, Robert H. Schneider & Sanford Nidich. (2004) Review of Controlled Research on the Transcendental Meditation Program and Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiology in Review 12:5, pages 262-266.
Crossref
Dennis P. Heaton, Jane Schmidt‐Wilk & Frederick Travis. (2004) Constructs, methods, and measures for researching spirituality in organizations. Journal of Organizational Change Management 17:1, pages 62-82.
Crossref
Michael S. King. (2003) Natural Law and the Bhagavad‐Gita : The Vedic Concept of Natural Law . Ratio Juris 16:3, pages 399-415.
Crossref
Christine KohlmetzReinhard KopiezEckart Altenmüller. (2016) Stability of Motor Programs During a State of Meditation: Electrocortical Activity in a Pianist Playing ‘Vexations’ by Erik Satie Continuously for 28 Hours. Psychology of Music 31:2, pages 173-186.
Crossref
Dharm P.S. Bhawuk. (2003) Culture's influence on creativity: the case of Indian spirituality. International Journal of Intercultural Relations 27:1, pages 1-22.
Crossref
Fred Travis, Joe Tecce, Alarik Arenander & R.Keith Wallace. (2002) Patterns of EEG coherence, power, and contingent negative variation characterize the integration of transcendental and waking states. Biological Psychology 61:3, pages 293-319.
Crossref
Frederick Travis. (2001) Autonomic and EEG patterns distinguish transcending from other experiences during Transcendental Meditation practice. International Journal of Psychophysiology 42:1, pages 1-9.
Crossref
Frederick Travis, Joseph J Tecce & Julia Guttman. (2000) Cortical plasticity, contingent negative variation, and transcendent experiences during practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique. Biological Psychology 55:1, pages 41-55.
Crossref
Frederick Travis & R.Keith Wallace. (1999) Autonomic and EEG Patterns during Eyes-Closed Rest and Transcendental Meditation (TM) Practice: The Basis for a Neural Model of TM Practice. Consciousness and Cognition 8:3, pages 302-318.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.