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Research Article

Impact of cigarette smoking on conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to clinically definite multiple sclerosis

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Pages 476-479 | Received 30 Sep 2012, Accepted 04 Jan 2013, Published online: 06 Feb 2013

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Amin Zarghami, Ying Li, Suzi B. Claflin, Ingrid van der Mei & Bruce V. Taylor. (2021) Role of environmental factors in multiple sclerosis. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 21:12, pages 1389-1408.
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Borros Arneth. (2020) Multiple Sclerosis and Smoking. The American Journal of Medicine 133:7, pages 783-788.
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Tomasz Grzegorski & Jacek Losy. (2020) What do we currently know about the clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis? An update. Reviews in the Neurosciences 31:3, pages 335-349.
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Michelle L. Degelman & Katya M. Herman. (2017) Smoking and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 17, pages 207-216.
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Eiman M.A. Mohammed. (2016) Multiple sclerosis is prominent in the Gulf states: Review. Pathogenesis 3:2, pages 19-38.
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Carlo Perricone, Mathilde Versini, Dana Ben-Ami, Smadar Gertel, Abdulla Watad, Michael J. Segel, Fulvia Ceccarelli, Fabrizio Conti, Luca Cantarini, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Alessandro Antonelli, Howard Amital, Guido Valesini & Yehuda Shoenfeld. (2016) Smoke and autoimmunity: The fire behind the disease. Autoimmunity Reviews 15:4, pages 354-374.
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Sudhir K. Yadav, John E. Mindur, Kouichi Ito & Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut. (2015) Advances in the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Current Opinion in Neurology 28:3, pages 206-219.
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Mikail Weston & Cris S Constantinescu. (2015) What role does tobacco smoking play in multiple sclerosis disability and mortality? A review of the evidence. Neurodegenerative Disease Management 5:1, pages 19-25.
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