Advanced search
Publication Cover
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation Volume 27, 1971 - Issue 3
Submit an article Journal homepage
227
Views
140
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

An Acid-Base Chart for Arterial Blood with Normal and Pathophysiological Reference Areas

O. Siggaard-Andersen Dept. of Clinical Chemistry B, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Pages 239-245 | Received 24 Dec 1970, Accepted 23 Jan 1971, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

Citations (140)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (10)

J.O.E.H. Van Laar, M.M. Porath, C.H.L. Peters & S.G. Oei. (2008) Spectral analysis of fetal heart rate variability for fetal surveillance: review of the literature. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 87:3, pages 300-306.
Read now
Karl G Rosén, Sofia Blad, David Larsson, Håkan Norén & Nick Outram. (2007) Assessment of the fetal bioprofile during labor by fetal ECG analysis. Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2:5, pages 609-620.
Read now
M. Massoud, A. Giannesi, N. Amabile, M. Manevy, G. Geron & P. Gaucherand. (2007) Fetal electrocardiotocography in labor and neonatal outcome: An observational study in 1889 patients in the French center of Edouard Herriot, Lyon. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 20:11, pages 819-824.
Read now
Anna-Karin Welin, Håkan Norén, Anders Odeback, Mona Andersson, Gunnel Andersson & K. G. Rosén. (2007) STAN, a clinical audit: the outcome of 2 years of regular use in the city of Varberg, Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 86:7, pages 827-832.
Read now
Jörg Kessler & Susanne Albrechtsen. (2007) Letter to the Editor. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 86:5, pages 638-638.
Read now
Hui Li, Saemundur Gudmundsson & Per Olofsson. (2003) Prospect for vaginal delivery of growth restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery blood flow. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 82:9, pages 828-833.
Read now
I. Amer-Wåhlin, P. Bördahl, T. Eikeland, C. Hellsten, H. Norén, T. Sörnes & K. G. Rosén. (2002) ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram during labor: Nordic observational multicenter study. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 12:4, pages 260-266.
Read now
O. Siggaard-andersen & M. Siggaard-andersen. (1990) The oxygen status algorithm: A computer program for calculating and displaying pH and blood gas data. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 50:sup203, pages 29-45.
Read now
Ivar H. Gøthgen, Ole Siggaard-Andersen, Jens P. Rasmussen, Peter D. Wimberley & Niels Fogh. Andersen. (1988) The oxygen- and acid-base status during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 48:sup189, pages 63-71.
Read now
. (1982) References. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 42:sup160, pages 133-145.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (130)

Masahiro Nakao, Michael G. Ross, Shoichi Magawa, Satoshi Toyokawa, Kiyotake Ichizuka, Naohiro Kanayama, Shoji Satoh, Nanako Tamiya, Akihito Nakai, Keiya Fujimori, Tsugio Maeda, Akira Oka, Hideaki Suzuki, Mitsutoshi Iwashita & Tomoaki Ikeda. (2023) Prevention of fetal brain injury in category II tracings . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 102:12, pages 1730-1740.
Crossref
Magnus B. Berge, Jørg Kessler, Branka M. Yli, Anne Cathrine Staff, Nina Gunnes & Anne Flem Jacobsen. (2023) Neonatal outcomes associated with time from a high fetal blood lactate concentration to operative delivery. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica.
Crossref
Anna Seidenari, Paolo Ivo Cavoretto, Ilma Floriana Carbone, Chiara Germano, Enrico Iurlaro, Gerarda Gaeta, Giulia Emily Cetera, Silvia Amodeo, Danila Morano, Bianca Masturzo, Daniela Denis Di Martino, Laura Giambanco, Massimo Candiani & Antonio Farina. (2022) The cumulative incidence of neonatal metabolic acidemia after terminal bradycardia in the 2nd stage of labor: a survival-based model. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 307:5, pages 1407-1414.
Crossref
Sujoy Banik. 2022. Transfusion Practice in Clinical Neurosciences. Transfusion Practice in Clinical Neurosciences 215 224 .
Jeffrey Pomerance. (2021) Interpreting Umbilical Cord Blood Gases Cord Occlusion with Terminal Fetal Bradycardia: Part V. Neonatology Today 16:5, pages 25-27.
Crossref
A.M. Egert-McLeanM.P. SamaJ.L. KlotzK.R. McLeodN.B. KristensenD.L. Harmon. (2021) Effects of a moderate transition from 70% to 90% concentrate diet on early alterations in feeding behavior, rumen environment, reticulorumen motility, and blood acid–base status in beef heifers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 101:1, pages 85-95.
Crossref
Yasemin Coşkun Yavuz, Eda Altun, Can Sevinc, Ibrahim Guney, Muslu Kazim Korez, Zeynep Biyik & Lutfullah Altintepe. (2020) Does altitude affect blood gases in hemodialysis patients?. Hemodialysis International 24:3, pages 323-329.
Crossref
Anadeijda J.E.M.C. Landman, Saskia T. Immink-Duijker, Eduard J.H. Mulder, Maria P.H. Koster, Serena Xodo, Gerard H.A. Visser, Floris Groenendaal & Anneke Kwee. (2019) Significant reduction in umbilical artery metabolic acidosis after implementation of intrapartum ST waveform analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 221:1, pages 63.e1-63.e13.
Crossref
Alan W. Grogono. (2019) Acid–Base Reports Need a Text Explanation. Anesthesiology 130:4, pages 668-669.
Crossref
Michael G. Ross. (2019) Threshold of metabolic acidosis associated with newborn cerebral palsy: medical legal implications. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 220:4, pages 348-353.
Crossref
Sanne Vreugdenhil, Pedro J. Freire Jorge, Mels F. van Driel & Maarten W. Nijsten. (2019) Ischemic priapism as a model of exhausted metabolism. Physiological Reports 7:6, pages e13999.
Crossref
Susanna Timonen & Kaisa Holmberg. (2018) The importance of the learning process in ST analysis interpretation and its impact in improving clinical and neonatal outcomes. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 218:6, pages 620.e1-620.e7.
Crossref
Serena Xodo, Luigi Xodo & Vincenzo Berghella. (2018) Delayed cord clamping and cord gas analysis at birth. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 97:1, pages 7-12.
Crossref
Branka M. Yli & Ingemar Kjellmer. (2016) Pathophysiology of foetal oxygenation and cell damage during labour. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 30, pages 9-21.
Crossref
Diogo Ayres‐de‐Campos & Sabaratnam Arulkumaran. (2015) FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: Physiology of fetal oxygenation and the main goals of intrapartum fetal monitoring. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 131:1, pages 5-8.
Crossref
Michael A. Belfort, George R. Saade, Elizabeth Thom, Sean C. Blackwell, Uma M. Reddy, John M. ThorpJr.Jr., Alan T.N. Tita, Russell S. Miller, Alan M. Peaceman, David S. McKenna, Edward K.S. Chien, Dwight J. Rouse, Ronald S. Gibbs, Yasser Y. El-Sayed, Yoram Sorokin, Steve N. Caritis & J. Peter VanDorsten. (2015) A Randomized Trial of Intrapartum Fetal ECG ST-Segment Analysis. New England Journal of Medicine 373:7, pages 632-641.
Crossref
J Kessler, D Moster & S Albrechtsen. (2015) Intrapartum monitoring with cardiotocography and ST-waveform analysis in breech presentation: an observational study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 122:4, pages 528-535.
Crossref
Kevin Jenniskens & Patricia A. Janssen. (2015) Newborn Outcomes in British Columbia After Caesarean Section for Non-Reassuring Fetal Status. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 37:3, pages 207-213.
Crossref
Per Olofsson, Diogo Ayres‐de‐Campos, Jörg Kessler, Britta Tendal, Branka M. Yli & Lawrence Devoe. (2014) A critical appraisal of the evidence for using cardiotocography plus ECG ST interval analysis for fetal surveillance in labor. Part I: the randomized controlled trials . Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 93:6, pages 556-568.
Crossref
Jörg Kessler, Dag Moster & Susanne Albrechtsen. (2014) Delay in intervention increases neonatal morbidity in births monitored with cardiotocography and ST-waveform analysis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 93:2, pages 175-181.
Crossref
Jhoan Aragon-Charris, Eduardo Reyna-Villasmil, Jorly Mejia-Montilla, Duly Torres-Cepeda, Joel Santos-Bolívar & Nadia Reyna-Villasmil. (2013) Lactato en sangre de cordón umbilical y estado metabólico en recién nacidos con sufrimiento fetal intraparto. Progresos de Obstetricia y Ginecología 56:9, pages 447-452.
Crossref
Ewoud Schuit. (2013) Reply. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 209:4, pages 394-395.
Crossref
Brian V. Broberg, Kristoffer H. Madsen, Niels Plath, Christina K. Olsen, Birte Y. Glenthøj, Olaf B. Paulson, Börje Bjelke & Lise V. Søgaard. (2013) A schizophrenia rat model induced by early postnatal phencyclidine treatment and characterized by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Behavioural Brain Research 250, pages 1-8.
Crossref
Christian N. Kotanen & Anthony Guiseppi-Elie. (2013) Monitoring systems and quantitative measurement of biomolecules for the management of Trauma. Biomedical Microdevices 15:3, pages 561-577.
Crossref
Michael G. Ross, Marquis Jessie, Kevin Amaya, Brad Matushewski, L. Daniel Durosier, Martin G. Frasch & Bryan S. Richardson. (2013) Correlation of arterial fetal base deficit and lactate changes with severity of variable heart rate decelerations in the near-term ovine fetus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 208:4, pages 285.e1-285.e6.
Crossref
Ewoud Schuit, Isis Amer-Wahlin, Kati Ojala, Christophe Vayssière, Michelle E.M.H. Westerhuis, Karel Maršál, Aydin Tekay, George R. Saade, Gerard H.A. Visser, Rolf H.H. Groenwold, Karel G.M. Moons, Ben Willem J. Mol & Anneke Kwee. (2013) Effectiveness of electronic fetal monitoring with additional ST analysis in vertex singleton pregnancies at >36 weeks of gestation: an individual participant data metaanalysis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 208:3, pages 187.e1-187.e13.
Crossref
JÖRG KESSLER, DAG MOSTER & SUSANNE ALBRECHTSEN. (2013) Intrapartum monitoring of high‐risk deliveries with ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram: an observational study of 6010 deliveries. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 92:1, pages 75-84.
Crossref
MICHELLE E.M.H. WESTERHUIS, MARTINA M. PORATH, JEROEN H. BECKER, ELINE S.A. VAN DEN AKKER, ERIK VAN BEEK, HENDRIKUS J.H.M. VAN DESSEL, ADDY P. DROGTROP, HERMAN P. VAN GEIJN, GIUSEPPI C.M. GRAZIOSI, FLORIS GROENENDAAL, JAN M.M. VAN LITH, BEN WILLEM J. MOL, KAREL G.M. MOONS, JAN G. NIJHUIS, SWAN G. OEI, HERMAN P. OOSTERBAAN, ROBBERT J.P. RIJNDERS, NICO W.E. SCHUITEMAKER, LIA D.E. WIJNBERGER, CHRISTINE WILLEKES, MAURICE G.A.J. WOUTERS, GERARD H.A. VISSER & ANNEKE KWEE. (2012) Identification of cases with adverse neonatal outcome monitored by cardiotocography versus ST analysis: secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 91:7, pages 830-837.
Crossref
Jeremy Juern, Vikram Khatri & John Weigelt. (2012) Base excess. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 73:1, pages 27-32.
Crossref
Syibrah Naim, Hani Hagras & Jonathan M. Garibaldi. (2012) A fuzzy logic based Multi-criteria Group Decision Making system for the assesement of umbilical cord acid-base balance. A fuzzy logic based Multi-criteria Group Decision Making system for the assesement of umbilical cord acid-base balance.
B. Mitra, T. H. Rainer & P. A. Cameron. (2011) Predicting massive blood transfusion using clinical scores post‐trauma. Vox Sanguinis 102:4, pages 324-330.
Crossref
Branka M. Yli, Grete A. Birkeland Kro, Svein Rasmussen, Janette Khoury, Håkan Norèn, Isis Amer-Wåhlin, Ola Didrik Saugstad & Babill Stray-Pedersen. (2012) How does the duration of active pushing in labor affect neonatal outcomes?. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 40:2.
Crossref
Mark T. Keegan. (2012) Perioperative Acid–Base Disturbances. ASA Refresher Courses in Anesthesiology 40:1, pages 87-94.
Crossref
Biswadev Mitra, Peter A. Cameron & Russell L. Gruen. (2012) Aggressive fresh frozen plasma (FFP) with massive blood transfusion in the absence of acute traumatic coagulopathy. Injury 43:1, pages 33-37.
Crossref
Joshua L. Hood & Mitchell G. Scott. 2012. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics 1609 1635 .
Stephen E. Rees. (2011) The Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) project: The role of mathematical models in translating physiological knowledge into clinical practice. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 104, pages S1-S29.
Crossref
AYESHA M.F. HEINIS, MARC E. SPAANDERMAN, JACQUELINE M.T. KLEIN GUNNEWIEK & FRED K. LOTGERING. (2011) Scalp blood lactate for intra-partum assessment of fetal metabolic acidosis. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 90:10, pages 1107-1114.
Crossref
S Bernitz, R Rolland, E Blix, M Jacobsen, K Sjøborg & P Øian. (2011) Is the operative delivery rate in low-risk women dependent on the level of birth care? A randomised controlled trial. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 118:11, pages 1357-1364.
Crossref
Mashhour Bani Amer. (2011) Fuzzy-based framework for diagnosis of acid–base disorders. Computers in Biology and Medicine 41:9, pages 737-741.
Crossref
Muriel Doret, Mona Massoud, Anne Constans & Pascal Gaucherand. (2011) Use of peripartum ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram without blood sampling: a large prospective cohort study. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 156:1, pages 35-40.
Crossref
S. Matousek, J. Handy & S. E. Rees. (2010) Acid–base chemistry of plasma: consolidation of the traditional and modern approaches from a mathematical and clinical perspective. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 25:1, pages 57-70.
Crossref
Hector Carrillo-Lopez, Adrian Chavez & Alberto Jarillo-Quijada. 2011. Pediatric Critical Care. Pediatric Critical Care 963 997 .
Gustavo Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo Zubieta-Castillo, Luis Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo Ardaya-Zubieta & Poul-Erik Paulev. (2010) Do Over 200 Million Healthy Altitude Residents Really Suffer from Chronic Acid–Base Disorders?. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry 26:1, pages 62-65.
Crossref
GAB Kro, BM Yli, S Rasmussen, H Norèn, I Amer‐Wåhlin, OD Saugstad, B Stray‐Pedersen & KG Rosén. (2010) A new tool for the validation of umbilical cord acid–base data. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 117:12, pages 1544-1552.
Crossref
Michelle E. M. H. Westerhuis, Gerard H. A. Visser, Karel G. M. Moons, Erik van Beek, Manon J. Benders, Saskia M. Bijvoet, Hendrikus J. H. M. van Dessel, Addy P. Drogtrop, Herman P. van Geijn, Giuseppe C. Graziosi, Floris Groenendaal, Jan M. M. van Lith, Jan G. Nijhuis, S. Guid Oei, Herman P. Oosterbaan, Martina M. Porath, Robbert J. P. Rijnders, Nico W. E. Schuitemaker, Louisa M. Sopacua, Ingeborg van der Tweel, Lia D. E. Wijnberger, Christine Willekes, Nicolaas P. A. Zuithoff, Ben Willem J. Mol & Anneke Kwee. (2010) Cardiotocography Plus ST Analysis of Fetal Electrocardiogram Compared With Cardiotocography Only for Intrapartum Monitoring. Obstetrics & Gynecology 115:6, pages 1173-1180.
Crossref
Håkan Norén & Ann Carlsson. (2010) Reduced prevalence of metabolic acidosis at birth: an analysis of established STAN usage in the total population of deliveries in a Swedish district hospital. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 202:6, pages 546.e1-546.e7.
Crossref
Horacio J. Adrogué, F. John Gennari, John H. Galla & Nicolaos E. Madias. (2009) Assessing acid–base disorders. Kidney International 76:12, pages 1239-1247.
Crossref
Irene Rozet, Nuj Tontisirin, Monica S. Vavilala, Miriam M. Treggiari, Lorri A. Lee & Arthur M. Lam. (2009) Prolonged Propofol Anesthesia Is Not Associated with an Increase in Blood Lactate. Anesthesia & Analgesia 109:4, pages 1105-1110.
Crossref
Jörg Kessler, Svein Rasmussen, Keith Godfrey, Mark Hanson & Torvid Kiserud. (2009) Fetal Growth Restriction Is Associated With Prioritization of Umbilical Blood Flow to the Left Hepatic Lobe at the Expense of the Right Lobe. Pediatric Research 66:1, pages 113-117.
Crossref
MEMH Westerhuis, E van Horen, A Kwee, I van der Tweel, GHA Visser & KGM Moons. (2009) Inter- and intra-observer agreement of intrapartum ST analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram in women monitored by STAN. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 116:4, pages 545-551.
Crossref
Martin G. Frasch, Roy Z. Mansano, Robert Gagnon, Bryan S. Richardson & Michael G. Ross. (2009) Measures of acidosis with repetitive umbilical cord occlusions leading to fetal asphyxia in the near-term ovine fetus. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 200:2, pages 200.e1-200.e7.
Crossref
HÅKAN NORÉN & KARL G ROSÉN. (2008) INTRAPARTUM ST ANALYSIS. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 19:4, pages 325-358.
Crossref
Andrea Stuart, Linda Edvinsson, Karin Källen, Per Olofsson, Charlotte Hellsten & Isis Amer-Wåhlin. (2008) Fetal electrocardiographic monitoring during labor in relation to cord blood levels of the brain-injury marker protein S-100. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 36:2.
Crossref
Michelle EMH Westerhuis, Karel GM Moons, Erik van Beek, Saskia M Bijvoet, Addy P Drogtrop, Herman P van Geijn, Jan MM van Lith, Ben WJ Mol, Jan G Nijhuis, S Guid Oei, Martina M Porath, Robbert JP Rijnders, Nico WE Schuitemaker, Ingeborg van der Tweel, Gerard HA Visser, Christine Willekes & Anneke Kwee. (2007) A randomised clinical trial on cardiotocography plus fetal blood sampling versus cardiotocography plus ST-analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram (STAN®) for intrapartum monitoring. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 7:1.
Crossref
O. Morel, F. Richard, O. Thiébaugeorges, C. Malartic, D. Clément, G. Akerman & E. Barranger. (2007) pH au scalp fœtal : intérêt pratique en salle de naissance. Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 35:11, pages 1148-1154.
Crossref
Christophe Vayssière, Eric David, Nicolas Meyer, Renaud Haberstich, Valérie Sebahoun, Emmanuel Roth, Romain Favre, Israël Nisand & Bruno Langer. (2007) A French randomized controlled trial of ST-segment analysis in a population with abnormal cardiotocograms during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 197:3, pages 299.e1-299.e6.
Crossref
Neil Easton, Fiona Marshall, Kevin C. F. Fone & Charles A. Marsden. (2007) Differential effects of the d- and l- isomers of amphetamine on pharmacological MRI BOLD contrast in the rat. Psychopharmacology 193:1, pages 11-30.
Crossref
C. Vayssiere, R. Haberstich, V. Sebahoun, E. David, E. Roth & B. Langer. (2007) Fetal electrocardiogram ST-segment analysis and prediction of neonatal acidosis. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 97:2, pages 110-114.
Crossref
S. C. Forbes, J. M. Kowalchuk, R. T. Thompson & G. D. Marsh. (2007) Effects of hyperventilation on phosphocreatine kinetics and muscle deoxygenation during moderate-intensity plantar flexion exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 102:4, pages 1565-1573.
Crossref
Neil Easton, Fiona Marshall, Kevin Fone & Charles Marsden. (2007) Atomoxetine produces changes in cortico-basal thalamic loop circuits: Assessed by phMRI BOLD contrast. Neuropharmacology 52:3, pages 812-826.
Crossref
Jonathan M. Garibaldi & Turhan Ozen. (2007) Uncertain Fuzzy Reasoning: A Case Study in Modelling Expert Decision Making. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems 15:1, pages 16-30.
Crossref
Håkan Norén, Andreas K. Luttkus, Jens H. Stupin, Sofia Blad, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Risto Erkkola, Roberto Luzietti, Gerard H.A. Visser, Branka Yli & Karl G. Rosén. (2007) Fetal scalp pH and ST analysis of the fetal ECG as an adjunct to cardiotocography to predict fetal acidosis in labor / A multi-center, case controlled study. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 35:5.
Crossref
Ricardo Jose Moylan Governo, Peter Gordon Morris, Malcolm John William Prior, Charles Alexander Marsden & Victoria Chapman. (2006) Capsaicin-evoked brain activation and central sensitization in anaesthetised rats: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Pain 126:1, pages 35-45.
Crossref
Neil Easton, Yasmene B. Shah, Fiona H. Marshall, Kevin C. Fone & Charles A. Marsden. (2006) Guanfacine produces differential effects in frontal cortex compared with striatum: assessed by phMRI BOLD contrast. Psychopharmacology 189:3, pages 369-385.
Crossref
I Amer-Wåhlin & KG Rosén. (2006) A comparison of intrapartum automated fetal electrocardiography and conventional cardiotocography?assessment of outcome. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 113:11, pages 1339-1340.
Crossref
Lawrence D. Devoe, Michael Ross, Clayton Wilde, Maureen Beal, Andrej Lysikewicz, Jeffrey Maier, Victor Vines, Isis Amer-Wåhlin, Håkan Lilja, Håkan Norén & Dev Maulik. (2006) United States Multicenter Clinical Usage Study of the STAN 21 Electronic Fetal Monitoring System. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195:3, pages 729-734.
Crossref
Håkan Norén, Sofia Blad, Ann Carlsson, Anders Flisberg, Annika Gustavsson, Håkan Lilja, Margareta Wennergren & Henrik Hagberg. (2006) STAN in clinical practice—The outcome of 2 years of regular use in the city of Gothenburg. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 195:1, pages 7-15.
Crossref
Andrew P Gratrix & Simon M Enright. 2006. Foundations of Anesthesia. Foundations of Anesthesia 723 735 .
O. Siggaard-Andersen. 2006. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine 149 154 .
O. Siggaard-Andersen. 2006. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine. Encyclopedia of Respiratory Medicine 5 10 .
Constantinos Koutsojannis & Ioannis Hatzilygeroudis. 2006. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems. Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems 1313 1322 .
Edward M. Omron. (2016) Comparative Quantitative Acid-Base Analysis in Coronary Artery Bypass, Severe Sepsis, and Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 20:6, pages 269-278.
Crossref
I. Amer-Wåhlin, B. Yli & S. Arulkumaran. (2005) Foetal ECG and STAN technology—a review. European Clinics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1:2, pages 61-73.
Crossref
Thomas A. Cumbo, Darren Braude, Buddha Basnyat, Lisa Rabinowitz, Andres G. Lescano, Mark B. Shah, Destin J. Radder, Govind Bashyal & Steven R. Gambert. (2006) Higher Venous Bicarbonate Concentration Associated with Hypoxemia, not Acute Mountain Sickness, after Ascent to Moderate Altitude. Journal of Travel Medicine 12:4, pages 184-189.
Crossref
Karl G Rosén. (2005) Fetal electrocardiogram waveform analysis in labour. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology 17:2, pages 147-150.
Crossref
Isis Amer-Wahlin, Ingemar Ingemarsson, Karel Marsal & Andreas Herbst. (2005) Fetal heart rate patterns and ECG ST segment changes preceding metabolic acidaemia at birth. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 112:2, pages 160-165.
Crossref
Kristina L. Dervaitis, Monica Poole, Gail Schmidt, Deborah Penava, Renato Natale & Robert Gagnon. (2004) ST segment analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram plus electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in labor and its relationship to umbilical cord arterial blood gases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 191:3, pages 879-884.
Crossref
Martijn A. Oudijk, Anneke Kwee, Gerard H.A. Visser, Sofia Blad, Erik J. Meijboom & Karl G. Rosen. (2004) The effects of intrapartum hypoxia on the fetal QT interval. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 111:7, pages 656-660.
Crossref
Karl G Rosén, Isis Amer-Wåhlin, Roberto Luzietti & Håkan Norén. (2004) Fetal ECG waveform analysis. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology 18:3, pages 485-514.
Crossref
Andreas K. Luttkus, Håkan Norén, Jens H. Stupin, Sofia Blad, Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Risto Erkkola, Henrik Hagberg, Carsten Lenstrup, Gerard H.A. Visser, Onnig Tamazian, Branka Yli, Karl G. Rosén & Joachim W. Dudenhausen. (2004) Fetal scalp pH and ST analysis of the fetal ECG as an adjunct to CTG. A multi-center, observational study. Journal of Perinatal Medicine 32:6.
Crossref
T. Ozen, J.M. Garibaldi & S. Musikasuwan. (2004) Modelling the variation in human decision making. Modelling the variation in human decision making.
T. Ozen & J.M. Garibaldi. (2004) Effect of type-2 fuzzy membership function shape on modelling variation in human decision making. Effect of type-2 fuzzy membership function shape on modelling variation in human decision making.
Charlotte Hellsten, Pelle G. Lindqvist & Per Olofsson. (2003) Vaginal breech delivery: is it still an option?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 111:2, pages 122-128.
Crossref
PS Shah, NV Raju, J Beyene & M Perlman. (2007) Recovery of metabolic acidosis in term infants with postasphyxial hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy*. Acta Paediatrica 92:8, pages 941-947.
Crossref
Håkan Norén, Isis Amer-Wåhlin, Henrik Hagberg, Andreas Herbst, Ingemar Kjellmer, Karel Marşál, Per Olofsson & Karl G. Rosén. (2003) Fetal electrocardiography in labor and neonatal outcome: Data from the Swedish randomized controlled trial on intrapartum fetal monitoring. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 188:1, pages 183-192.
Crossref
E. Pronicka, D. H. Piekutowska‐Abramczuk, E. Popowska, M. Pronicki, E. Karczmarewicz, Y. Sykut‐Cegielskâ & J. Taybert. (2001) Compulsory hyperventilation and hypocapnia of patients with Leigh syndrome associated with SURF1 gene mutations as a cause of low serum bicarbonates. Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease 24:7, pages 707-714.
Crossref
Bryony K. Strachan, Daljit S. Sahota, Willem J. van Wijngaarden, David K. James & Allan M.Z. Chang. (2003) Computerised analysis of the fetal heart rate and relation to acidaemia at delivery. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 108:8, pages 848-852.
Crossref
Edward H. Kincaid, Michael C. Chang, R. W. Letton, John G. Chen & J. Wayne Meredith. (2001) Admission Base Deficit in Pediatric Trauma: A Study Using the National Trauma Data Bank. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 51:2, pages 332-335.
Crossref
Bryony K Strachan, Daljit S Sahota, Willem J van Wijngaarden, David K James & Allan M.Z Chang. (2001) Computerised analysis of the fetal heart rate and relation to acidaemia at delivery. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 108:8, pages 848-852.
Crossref
Isis Amer-Wåhlin, Charlotte Hellsten, Håkan Norén, Henrik Hagberg, Andreas Herbst, Ingemar Kjellmer, Håkan Lilja, Claes Lindoff, Maivi Månsson, Laila Mårtensson, Per Olofsson, Anna-Karin Sundström & Karel Maršál. (2001) Cardiotocography only versus cardiotocography plus ST analysis of fetal electrocardiogram for intrapartum fetal monitoring: a Swedish randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 358:9281, pages 534-538.
Crossref
Seppo Heinonen & Seppo Saarikoski. (2001) Reproductive risk factors of fetal asphyxia at delivery. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54:4, pages 407-410.
Crossref
Giovanni Guerrini, Alberto Morabito & Michele Samaja. (2000) Detection of Haemoglobins with Abnormal Oxygen Affinity by Single Blood Gas Analysis and 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Measurement. cclm 38:10, pages 951-954.
Crossref
Jonathan M. Garibaldi & Emmanuel C. Ifeachor. 2000. Fuzzy Systems in Medicine. Fuzzy Systems in Medicine 652 668 .
Keith R. Greene. (1999) SCALP BLOOD GAS ANALYSIS. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 26:4, pages 641-656.
Crossref
Naoyuki Hayashi, Mutsuhisa Ishihara, Ayumu Tanaka & Takayoshi Yoshida. (1999) Impeding O 2 unloading in muscle delays oxygen uptake response to exercise onset in humans . American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277:5, pages R1274-R1281.
Crossref
Jonathan M Garibaldi, Jennifer A Westgate & Emmanuel C Ifeachor. (1999) The evaluation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 17:2, pages 109-130.
Crossref
Jonathan M Garibaldi, Jennifer A Westgate, Emmanuel C Ifeachor & Keith R Greene. (1997) The development and implementation of an expert system for the analysis of umbilical cord blood. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 10:2, pages 129-144.
Crossref
M. Siggaard-Andersen. 1997. Advances in Critical Care Testing. Advances in Critical Care Testing 124 135 .
Marcel Hekking, Jan Lindemans & Edzard S. Gelsema. (1995) Design and representation of multivariate patient-based reference regions for arterial pH, Pco2 and base excess values. Clinical Biochemistry 28:6, pages 581-585.
Crossref
O. SIGGAARD-ANDERSEN & R. HUCH. (1995) The oxygen status of fetal blood. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39, pages 129-135.
Crossref
Harmen H. de Haan, Anke C.M. Ijzermans, Jelte de Haan & Tom H.M. Hasaart. (1995) The T/QRS ratio of the electrocardiogram does not reliably reflect well-being in fetal lambs. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 172:1, pages 35-43.
Crossref
Jennifer Westgate, Jonathan M. Garibaldi & Keith R. Greene. (1994) Umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery: a time for quality data. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 101:12, pages 1054-1063.
Crossref
M. Hekking, E.S. Gelsema & J. Lindemans. (1994) A new representation of acid-base disturbances. International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing 36:3, pages 209-221.
Crossref
Ian H. Lewis & Breffni O'Sullivan. (1994) MONITORING IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT. Anesthesiology Clinics of North America 12:2, pages 307-321.
Crossref
Jennifer Westgate, Maureen Harris, John S.H. Curnow & Keith R. Greene. (1993) Plymouth randomized trial of cardiotocogram only versus ST waveform plus cardiotocogram for intrapartum monitoring in 2400 cases. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 169:5, pages 1151-1160.
Crossref
R.H.S. Carpenter. (1993) Beyond the Darrow-Yannet diagram: an enhanced plot for body fluid spaces and osmolality. The Lancet 342:8877, pages 968-970.
Crossref
J.A.D. Spencer, S.C. Robson & A. Farkas. (1993) Spontaneous recovery after severe metabolic acidaemia at birth. Early Human Development 32:2-3, pages 103-111.
Crossref
J. Westgate, M. Harris, J.S.H. Curnow & K.R. Greene. (1992) Randomised trial of cardiotocography alone or with ST waveform analysis for intrapartum monitoring. The Lancet 340:8813, pages 194-198.
Crossref
KARL W. MURPHY, VIRGINIA RUSSELL, PAUL JOHNSON & JANE VALENTE. (1992) Clinical assessment of fetal electrocardiogram monitoring in labour. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 99:1, pages 32-37.
Crossref
NEIL A. MACLACHLAN, JOHN A.D. SPENCER, KATE HARDING & SABARATNAM ARULKUMARAN. (1992) Fetal acidaemia, the cardiotocograph and the T/QRS ratio of the fetal ECG in labour. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 99:1, pages 26-31.
Crossref
J. Westgate & K. R. Greene. (2005) Comparison of the T/QRS ratio of the fetal electrocardiogram and the fetal heart rate during labour and the relation of these variables to condition at delivery. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 98:10, pages 1057-1058.
Crossref
J. B. West. (1990) Tolerance to severe hypoxia: lessons from Mt. Everest. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 34, pages 18-23.
Crossref
Judy C. Bernbaum, Sharon R. Sasanow, Helen R. Churella & Andrea Daft. (1989) Growth and metabolic response of premature infants fed whey- or casein-dominant formulas after hospital discharge. The Journal of Pediatrics 115:4, pages 652-656.
Crossref
A.A.H. Barzanji & R.C.W. Daniel. (1988) The effects of hypocalcaemia on blood gas and acid-base parameters in ruminants. British Veterinary Journal 144:1, pages 93-97.
Crossref
O. Müller-Plathe. (1987) A Nomogram for the Interpretation of Acid-Base Data. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 25:11.
Crossref
John W. Severinghaus & Poul B. Astrup. (1985) History of blood gas analysis. II. pH and acid-base balance measurements. Journal of Clinical Monitoring 1:4, pages 259-277.
Crossref
T Hori. (1985) Pathophysiological analysis of hypoxaemia during acute severe asthma.. Archives of Disease in Childhood 60:7, pages 640-643.
Crossref
Naohito Terui & Kiyomi Koizumi. (1984) Responses of cardiac vagus and sympathetic nerves to excitation of somatic and visceral nerves. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 10:2, pages 73-91.
Crossref
John B. West. (1984) Human Physiology at Extreme Altitudes on Mount Everest. Science 223:4638, pages 784-788.
Crossref
John B. West. 1984. High Altitude and Man. High Altitude and Man 5 17 .
J.P. Laurent, M. Mangold, U. Humbel & W. Haefely. (1983) Reduction by two benzodiazepines and pentobarbitone of the multiunit activity in substantia nigra, hippocampus, nucleus locus coeruleus and nucleus raphé dorsalis of encéphale isolé rats. Neuropharmacology 22:4, pages 501-511.
Crossref
Miharu Miyamura & Yoshiyuki Honda. (1978) CO2 dissociation curves of oxygenated whole blood obtained at rest and in exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 39:1, pages 37-45.
Crossref
AlanW. Grogono, PeterH. Byles & William Hawke. (1976) ANIN-VIVO REPRESENTATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE. The Lancet 308:7984, pages 499-500.
Crossref
John W. Severinghaus. (1976) Analog Computer for Base Excess and HCO 3 - from pH and P CO2 Electrodes . IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering BME-23:1, pages 77-81.
Crossref
Jochen Duhm. (1976) Influence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on the buffering properties of human blood. Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 363:1, pages 61-67.
Crossref
P.J.N. Howorth. (1975) The physiological assessment of acid-base balance. British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 69, pages 75-102.
Crossref
Waltraud Ehrhardt, Harald Neumann, Lothar H. Schmidt & Heinrich WessigWaltraud Ehrhardt, Harald Neumann, Lothar H. Schmidt & Heinrich Wessig. 1974. Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht des Menschen. Säure-Basen-Gleichgewicht des Menschen 6 52 .
Milford Fulop & Michael Fulop. (1974) ACID-BASE DIAGRAMS MATHS, MYTHS, AND MEASUREMENTS. The Lancet 304:7881, pages 637-639.
Crossref
A. L. Levin, A. L. Tverskoi & V. N. Pashchenko. (1974) Parameter estimation for blood acid - base equilibrium. Biomedical Engineering 8:3, pages 137-140.
Crossref
M. L. McGlashan. (1970) Manual of symbols and terminology for physicochemical quantities and units. Pure and Applied Chemistry 21:1, pages 1-44.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.