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Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases Volume 22, 1990 - Issue 4
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Original Article

Toxigenic Escherichia coli Associated with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Karl A. Bettelheim Department of Clinical Pathology, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, South Australia, Australia
,
Paul N. Goldwater Department of Microbiology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
,
Brian W. Dwyer Department of Clinical Pathology, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, South Australia, Australia
,
Anthony J. Bourne Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
&
Deborah L. Smith Department of Clinical Pathology, Fairfield Hospital, Victoria, South Australia, Australia
Pages 467-476 | Published online: 08 Jul 2009

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John Kamaras, William G. Murrell. (2001) THE EFFECT OF BACTERIAL ENTEROTOXINS IMPLICATED IN SIDS ON THE RABBIT INTESTINE. Pathology 33:2, pages 187-196.
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John Kamaras, William G. Murrell. (2001) INTESTINAL EPITHELIAL DAMAGE IN SIDS BABIES AND ITS SIMILARITY TO THAT CAUSED BY BACTERIAL TOXINS IN THE RABBIT. Pathology 33:2, pages 197-203.
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Steven Siarakas, Edward Damas & William G. Murrell. (1997) The effect of enteric bacterial toxins on the catecholamine levels of the rabbit. Pathology 29:3, pages 278-285.
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James A. Lindsay. (1996) Clostridium perfringens Type A Enterotoxin (CPE): More Than Just Explosive Diarrhea. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 22:4, pages 257-277.
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Articles from other publishers (65)

Paul N. Goldwater. (2023) Current SIDS research: time to resolve conflicting research hypotheses and collaborate. Pediatric Research 94:4, pages 1273-1277.
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Gonzalo Ferreira, Romina Cardozo, Santiago Sastre, Carlos Costa, Axel Santander, Luisina Chavarría, Valentina Guizzo, José Puglisi & G. L. Nicolson. (2023) Bacterial toxins and heart function: heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin B promotes changes in cardiac function with possible relevance for sudden cardiac death. Biophysical Reviews.
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Paul Nathan Goldwater. (2022) The Science (or Nonscience) of Research Into Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Frontiers in Pediatrics 10.
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Paul N. Goldwater. (2022) A mouse zoonotic virus (LCMV): A possible candidate in the causation of SIDS. Medical Hypotheses 158, pages 110735.
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Fernando Peña-Ortega. (2019) Clinical and experimental aspects of breathing modulation by inflammation. Autonomic Neuroscience 216, pages 72-86.
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Lex E.X. Leong, Steven L. Taylor, Aravind Shivasami, Paul N. Goldwater & Geraint B. Rogers. (2017) Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Age-Matched Controls. The Journal of Pediatrics 191, pages 63-68.e1.
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Paul Nathan Goldwater. (2017) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Infection, Prone Sleep Position, and Vagal Neuroimmunology. Frontiers in Pediatrics 5.
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Paul Nathan Goldwater. (2017) Infection: the neglected paradigm in SIDS research. Archives of Disease in Childhood 102:8, pages 767-772.
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Thilini D. SamarasingheScott A. Sands, Elizabeth M. SkuzaMandar S. Joshi, Claudia A. Nold-PetryPhilip J. Berger. (2015) The effect of prenatal maternal infection on respiratory function in mouse offspring: evidence for enhanced chemosensitivity. Journal of Applied Physiology 119:3, pages 299-307.
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Paul N. Goldwater. (2015) Gut Microbiota and Immunity: Possible Role in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Frontiers in Immunology 6.
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Sophia M. Moscovis, Ann E. Gordon, Osama M. Al Madani, Maree Gleeson, Rodney J. Scott, Sharron T. Hall, Christine Burns & Caroline Blackwell. (2015) Virus Infections and Sudden Death in Infancy: The Role of Interferon-γ. Frontiers in Immunology 6.
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Caroline Blackwell, Sophia Moscovis, Sharron Hall, Christine Burns & Rodney J. Scott. (2015) Exploring the Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Deaths and Their Role in Inflammatory Responses to Infection. Frontiers in Immunology 6.
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Mohammad Alfelali & Gulam Khandaker. (2014) Infectious causes of sudden infant death syndrome. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 15:4, pages 307-311.
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Amanda R. Highet, Anne M. Berry, Karl A. Bettelheim & Paul N. Goldwater. (2014) Gut microbiome in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) differs from that in healthy comparison babies and offers an explanation for the risk factor of prone position. International Journal of Medical Microbiology 304:5-6, pages 735-741.
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K. A. Bettelheim, R. K. J. Luke, N. Johnston, J. L. Pearce & P. N. Goldwater. (2011) A Possible Murine Model for Investigation of Pathogenesis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Current Microbiology 64:3, pages 276-282.
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Paul N Goldwater. (2011) A perspective on SIDS pathogenesis. The hypotheses: plausibility and evidence. BMC Medicine 9:1.
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Amanda R. HighetCatherine S. Gibson & Paul N. Goldwater. (2010) CD14 (C-260T) polymorphism is not associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in a large South Australian cohort. Innate Immunity 17:3, pages 321-326.
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J.L. Pearce, K.A. Bettelheim, R.K.J. Luke & P.N. Goldwater. (2010) Serotypes of Escherichia coli in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome . Journal of Applied Microbiology 108:2, pages 731-735.
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Amanda R. Highet & Paul N. Goldwater. (2009) Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes are common in Staphylococcus aureus intestinal flora in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and live comparison infants . FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 57:2, pages 151-155.
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James A MorrisLinda HarrisonAdrian BrodisonRobert Lauder. (2009) Sudden infant death syndrome and cardiac arrhythmias. Future Cardiology 5:2, pages 201-207.
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Amanda R. Highet, Anne M. Berry, Karl A. Bettelheim & Paul N. Goldwater. (2009) The frequency of molecular detection of virulence genes encoding cytolysin A, high-pathogenicity island and cytolethal distending toxin of Escherichia coli in cases of sudden infant death syndrome does not differ from that in other infant deaths and healthy infants. Journal of Medical Microbiology 58:3, pages 285-289.
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T. Bajanowski. (2008) Bedeutung respiratorischer Infekte für Todesfälle von Säuglingen und KleinkindernSignificance of respiratory infections for fatalities of infants and children. Rechtsmedizin 18:5, pages 377-382.
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A.R. Highet. (2008) An infectious aetiology of sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of Applied Microbiology 105:3, pages 625-635.
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C Caroline Blackwell, Sophia M Moscovis, Ann E Gordon, Osama M Al Madani, Sharron T Hall, Maree Gleeson, Rodney J Scott, June Roberts-Thomson, Donald M Weir & Anthony Busuttil. (2005) Cytokine responses and sudden infant death syndrome: genetic, developmental, and environmental risk factors. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 78:6, pages 1242-1254.
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P GOLDWATER. (2004) SIDS pathogenesis: pathological findings indicate infection and inflammatory responses are involved. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 42:1, pages 11-20.
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C BLACKWELL. (2004) Ethnicity, infection and sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 42:1, pages 53-65.
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W. J. Kleemann & T. Bajanowski. 2004. Handbuch gerichtliche Medizin 1. Handbuch gerichtliche Medizin 1 1071 1128 .
Henry F. Krous, Julie M. Nadeau, Patricia D. Silva & Brian D. Blackbourne. (2003) A Comparison of Respiratory Symptoms and Inflammation in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and in Accidental or Inflicted Infant Death. The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 24:1, pages 1-8.
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Paul N. Goldwater & Karl A. Bettelheim. (2002) CORRESPONDENCE. Journal of Medical Microbiology 51:11, pages 1009-1012.
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Petra Råsten‐Almqvist, Staffan Eksborg & Jovan Rajs. (2002) Myocarditis and sudden infant death syndrome. APMIS 110:6, pages 469-480.
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C. C. Blackwell, A. E. Gordon, V. S. James, D. A. C. Mackenzie, D. M. Weir & A. Busuttil. (2001) Making sense of the risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): infection and inflammation. Reviews in Medical Microbiology 12:4, pages 219-229.
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Paul N Goldwater. (2001) SIDS: more facts and controversies. Medical Journal of Australia 174:6, pages 302-304.
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C.C. Blackwell, A.E. Gordon, V.S. James, D.A.C. MacKenzie, M. Mogensen-Buchanan, O.R. El Ahmer, O.M. Al Madani, K. Törö, Z. Csukás, P. Sótonyi, D.M. Weir & A. Busuttil. (2001) The role of bacterial toxins in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). International Journal of Medical Microbiology 291:6-7, pages 561-570.
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Stephen D Essery, Muhammed W Raza, Abdulaziz Zorgani, Doris A.C MacKenzie, Valerie S James, Donald M Weir, Anthony Busuttil, Nicholas Hallam & Caroline Blackwell. (1999) The protective effect of immunisation against diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT) in relation to sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 183-192.
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Ann E. Gordon, Abdulrahman T. Saadi, Doris A.C. MacKenzie, Valerie S. James, Robert A. Elton, Donald M. Weir, Anthony Busuttil & C.Caroline Blackwell. (1999) The protective effect of breast feeding in relation to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): II. The effect of human milk and infant formula preparations on binding of Clostridium perfringens to epithelial cells . FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 167-173.
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Jane L Pearce, Richard K.J Luke & Karl A Bettelheim. (1999) Extraintestinal Escherichia coli isolations from SIDS cases and other cases of sudden death in Victoria, Australia . FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 137-144.
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Nicola M. Sayers & David B. Drucker. (1999) Animal models used to test the interactions between infectious agents and products of cigarette smoked implicated in sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 115-123.
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Ãshild Vege & Torleiv Ole Rognum. (1999) Inflammatory responses in sudden infant death syndrome â past and present views. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 67-78.
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James A Morris. (1999) The common bacterial toxins hypothesis of sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 11-17.
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C.Caroline Blackwell & Donald M Weir. (1999) The role of infection in sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 25:1-2, pages 1-6.
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Ralph R. Meer, J. Glenn Songer & Douglas L. Park. 1997. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 75 94 .
EM CARMICHAEL, PN GOLDWATER & RW BYARD. (2008) Routine microbiological testing in sudden and unexpected infant death. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 32:5, pages 412-415.
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N M Sayers, D B Drucker, J A Morris & D R Telford. (1996) Significance of endotoxin in lethal synergy between bacteria associated with sudden infant death syndrome: follow up study.. Journal of Clinical Pathology 49:5, pages 365-368.
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DE ELDER, DPG BOLTON, AG DEMPSTER, BJ TAYLOR & RS BROADBENT. (1996) Pathophysiology of overheating in a piglet model: Findings compared with sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 32:2, pages 113-119.
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N M Sayers, D B Drucker, J A Morris & D R Telford. (1995) Lethal synergy between toxins of staphylococci and enterobacteria: implications for sudden infant death syndrome.. Journal of Clinical Pathology 48:10, pages 929-932.
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N.M. Sayers, D.B. Drucker & R.K. Grencis. (1995) Cytokines may give insight into mechanisms of death in sudden infant death syndrome. Medical Hypotheses 45:4, pages 369-374.
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K.A. Bettelheim, B.J. Chang, S.J. Elliott, S.T. Gunzburg & J.L. Pearce. (1995) Virulence factors associated with strains of Escherichia coli from cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 18:3, pages 179-188.
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C. Caroline Blackwell, Donald M. Weir, Anthony Busuttil, Abdulrahman T. Saadi, Steven D. Essery, Mohammed W. Raza, V.S. James & D.A.C. Mackenzie. (1994) The role of infectious agents in sudden infant death syndrome. FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 9:2, pages 91-100.
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J.A. Lindsay, H.M. Johnson, F.M. Wallace & J.M. Soos. (1994) Can superantigens trigger sudden infant death?. Medical Hypotheses 43:2, pages 81-85.
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Abdulrahman T. Saadi, Donald M. Weir, Ian R. Poxton, John Stewart, Steven D. Essery, C. Caroline Blackwell, Mohammed W. Raza & Anthony Busuttil. (1994) Isolation of an adhesin from Staphylococcus aureus that binds Lewis blood group antigen and its relevance to sudden infant death syndrome . FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 8:4, pages 315-320.
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S. S. Bettiol, F. J. Radcliff, A. L. C. Hunt & J. M. Goldsmid. (2009) Bacterial flora of Tasmanian SIDS infants with special reference to pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli . Epidemiology and Infection 112:2, pages 275-284.
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Timothy G.C. Murrell, William G. Murrell & James A. Lindsay. (1994) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): are common bacterial toxins responsible, and do they have a vaccine potential?. Vaccine 12:4, pages 365-368.
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A W PatonJ C PatonP N GoldwaterP A Manning. (1993) Direct detection of Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin genes in primary fecal cultures by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31:11, pages 3063-3067.
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James A. Lindsay, Annette S. Mach, Melissa A. Wilkinson, L. Michele Martin, F. Morgan Wallace, Andreas M. Keller & Lisa M. Wojciechowski. (1993) Clostridium perfringens type A cytotoxic-enterotoxin(s) as triggers for death in the sudden infant death syndrome: Development of a toxico-infection hypothesis. Current Microbiology 27:1, pages 51-59.
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K A BettelheimH EvangelidisJ L PearceE SowersN A Strockbine. (1993) Isolation of a Citrobacter freundii strain which carries the Escherichia coli O157 antigen. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31:3, pages 760-761.
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D B Drucker, H A Aluyi, J A Morris, D R Telford, B A Oppenheim & B A Crawley. (1992) Possibility of separating toxins from bacteria associated with sudden infant death syndrome using anion exchange chromatography.. Journal of Clinical Pathology 45:9, pages 802-805.
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D B Drucker, H S Aluyi, J A Morris, D R Telford & A Gibbs. (1992) Lethal synergistic action of toxins of bacteria isolated from sudden infant death syndrome.. Journal of Clinical Pathology 45:9, pages 799-801.
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