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Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics Volume 30, 2010 - Issue 2
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Research Article

Changes in Trunk and Head Stability in Children with Cerebral Palsy after Hippotherapy: A Pilot Study

Tim L. Shurtleff Tim L. Shurtleff, OTD, OTR/L is an Instructor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine and Research Scientist in the Human Performance Laboratory. He is an occupational therapist at Therapeutic Horsemanship in Wentzville, MO.Correspondence[email protected]
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Jack R. Engsberg Jack R. Engsberg, PhD, is an Associate Professor, Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine. He is Laboratory Director of the Human Performance Laboratory.
Pages 150-163 | Published online: 01 Apr 2010

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Ninette du Plessis, Kitty Uys & Tania Buys. (2023) Hippotherapy concepts: A scoping review to inform transdisciplinary practice guidelines. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy 30:8, pages 1424-1440.
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Wendy H. Wood & Beth E. Fields. (2021) Hippotherapy: a systematic mapping review of peer-reviewed research, 1980 to 2018. Disability and Rehabilitation 43:10, pages 1463-1487.
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Young Joo Cha, Megan Stanley, Tim Shurtleff & Joshua (Sung) H. You. (2016) Long-term effects of robotic hippotherapy on dynamic postural stability in cerebral palsy. Computer Assisted Surgery 21:sup1, pages 111-115.
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Jodi L. Lindroth, Jessica L. Sullivan & Debbie Silkwood-Sherer. (2015) Does hippotherapy effect use of sensory information for balance in people with multiple sclerosis?. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 31:8, pages 575-581.
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Lisa Wehofer, Nicole Goodson & Tim L Shurtleff. (2013) Equine Assisted Activities and Therapies: A Case Study of an Older Adult. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 31:1, pages 71-87.
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Sung-Hui Tseng, Hung-Chou Chen & Ka-Wai Tam. (2013) Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of equine assisted activities and therapies on gross motor outcome in children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation 35:2, pages 89-99.
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Articles from other publishers (35)

Shijun Yan, Seoung Hoon Park, Weena Dee, Renee Keefer, Ana-Marie Rojas, William Zev Rymer & Ming Wu. (2023) Trunk postural reactions to the force perturbation intensity and frequency during sitting astride in children with cerebral palsy. Experimental Brain Research.
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Sanna Mattila-Rautiainen, Mika Venojärvi, Heta Rautiainen & Alice Keski-Valkama. (2023) The impact on physical performance, pain and psychological wellbeing of chronic low back pain patients during 12-weeks of equine- facilitated therapy intervention. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10.
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Joann Benjamin, Ruth Dismuke-Blakely & Karen Gardner. 2023. Integrating Horses Into Healing. Integrating Horses Into Healing 133 147 .
Nasim EJRAEI & Aysel YİLDİZ. (2022) Trunk Stabilization and Its Rehabilitative Effects in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Universitesi Tip Fakultesi Abant Tip Dergisi 11:1, pages 123-131.
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XiaoDong Cheng, XiaoYang Kong, Yongzhao Fan, XiangYu Wang, ZiHao Li & Hao Wu. (2022) Effects of Equine-Assistant Activity on Gross Motor Coordination in Children Aged 8 to 10 Years. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022, pages 1-8.
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Priscilla Lightsey, Yonghee Lee, Nancy Krenek & Pilwon Hur. (2021) Physical therapy treatments incorporating equine movement: a pilot study exploring interactions between children with cerebral palsy and the horse. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 18:1.
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Vedasri Dasoju, Rakesh Krishna Kovela, Jaya Shanker Tedla, Devika Rani Sangadala & Ravi Shankar Reddy. (2021) Psychometric properties of trunk impairment scale in children with spastic diplegia. Scientific Reports 11:1.
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Pedro R. Gomes, A. Torrinha, A. N. Costa, A. Lousada, J. M. Costa, F. Moreira, O. Dantas, R. Oliveira, F. Santos & C. S. Lima. (2020) Help-Diagnosis System for Trunk Alignment Evaluation of People with Intellectual Disabilities. Help-Diagnosis System for Trunk Alignment Evaluation of People with Intellectual Disabilities.
Ewelina Matusiak-Wieczorek, Elzbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Marek Synder & Andrzej Borowski. (2020) The Influence of Hippotherapy on the Body Posture in a Sitting Position among Children with Cerebral Palsy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:18, pages 6846.
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Priscila Albuquerque de Araújo, Juliana Maria Pimenta Starling, Vinícius Cunha Oliveira, Ana Paula Bensemann Gontijo & Marisa Cotta Mancini. (2020) Combining balance-training interventions with other active interventions may enhance effects on postural control in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy 24:4, pages 295-305.
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P. Mendizábal Alonso. (2020) Intervenciones fisioterápicas mediante hipoterapia en el tratamiento de la parálisis cerebral infantil. Revisión bibliográfica. Rehabilitación 54:2, pages 96-106.
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Annette M. Willgens & Ellen A. Erdman. 2020. Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy 2611 2628 .
Rachel O’Mahony, Emma Connolly & Patrick Hynes. (2019) A qualitative study of Irish parents’ views on hippotherapy, including its influence on their children’s home-based occupations. Irish Journal of Occupational Therapy 47:1, pages 42-57.
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Kathryn A. Kraft, Janet Weisberg, Michael D. Finch, Amanda Nickel, Kristen H. Griffin & Timothy L. Barnes. (2019) Hippotherapy in Rehabilitation Care for Children With Neurological Impairments and Developmental Delays: A Case Series. Pediatric Physical Therapy 31:1, pages E14-E21.
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Annette M. Willgens & Ellen A. Erdman. 2018. Cerebral Palsy. Cerebral Palsy 1 17 .
D Fragkou, G Gkrimas & M Pyrgeli. (2018) Therapeutic interventions for trunk and improvement of posture in children with cerebral palsy: a review of the literature. MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 10:4.
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Ji-Ho Park & Joshua (Sung) H. You. (2018) Innovative robotic hippotherapy improves postural muscle size and postural stability during the quiet stance and gait initiation in a child with cerebral palsy: A single case study. NeuroRehabilitation 42:2, pages 247-253.
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Aaron M. Flanagan, Xue-Cheng Liu & Steve Cope. (2018) TRUNK MUSCLE ACTIVATION IN CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CEREBRAL PALSY USING A HIPPOTHERAPY SIMULATOR. Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 21:01, pages 1850004.
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N. V. Bohdanovska, I. V. Kalionova & N. V. Pozmogova. (2017) Hippotherapy in the System of Motor Stereotype Correction in Children with Cerebral Palsy. Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 2:7, pages 75-79.
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Abbas Abdolrahmani, Hiroyuki Sakita, Ryo Yonetsu & Akira Iwata. (2017) Immediate effects of quick trunk movement exercise on sit-to-stand movement in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a pilot study. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 29:5, pages 905-909.
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Fabiane Nunes Antunes, Alexandre Severo do Pinho, Ana Francisca Rozin Kleiner, Ana Paula Salazar, Giovana Duarte Eltz, Alcyr Alves de Oliveira Junior, Fernanda Cechetti, Manuela Galli & Aline Souza Pagnussat. (2016) Different horse’s paces during hippotherapy on spatio-temporal parameters of gait in children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy: A feasibility study. Research in Developmental Disabilities 59, pages 65-72.
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Mi Jung Kim. (2016) Cerebral Palsy Update - Focusing on the Treatments and Interventions. Hanyang Medical Reviews 36:1, pages 59.
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Chul Hwan JangMin Cheol JooSe Eung NohSang Yeol LeeDae Bo LeeSung Ho LeeHo Kyun KimHyo In Park. (2016) Effects of Hippotherapy on Psychosocial Aspects in Children With Cerebral Palsy and Their Caregivers: A Pilot Study. Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 40:2, pages 230.
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Ji-Won Shin & Gui-Bin Song. (2016) The effects of neck and trunk stabilization exercises on upper limb and visuoperceptual function in children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28:11, pages 3232-3235.
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B. Rhett RigbyPeter W. Grandjean. (2016) The Efficacy of Equine-Assisted Activities and Therapies on Improving Physical Function. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 22:1, pages 9-24.
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Rosalee Dewar, Sarah Love & Leanne Marie Johnston. (2015) Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 57:6, pages 504-520.
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Guoqin Wang, Ruiqin Ma, Guangwei Qiao, Koji Wada, Yoshiharu Aizawa & Toshihiko Satoh. (2015) The Effect of Riding as an Alternative Treatment for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Integrative Medicine International 1:4, pages 211-222.
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Chaewoo Lee, Hyeonsu Kim & Insil Lee. (2014) The Effect of Horse-Riding Exercise on the Balance Ability in the Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine 2:1, pages 101-108.
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Chaewoo Lee, Insil Lee & Hyeonsu Kim. (2013) The Effect of Horse-Riding Exercise on the Balance Ability in the Frail Woman Elderly People. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine 1:2, pages 59-66.
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Jill C. Slaboda, Richard T. Lauer & Emily A. Keshner. (2013) Postural Responses of Adults With Cerebral Palsy to Combined Base of Support and Visual Field Rotation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 21:2, pages 218-224.
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Pablo Herrero, Eva M Gómez-Trullén, Ángel Asensio, Elena García, Roberto Casas, Esther Monserrat & Anand Pandyan. (2012) Study of the therapeutic effects of a hippotherapy simulator in children with cerebral palsy: a stratified single-blind randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation 26:12, pages 1105-1113.
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Tim Shurtleff & Jack Engsberg. (2012) Long-Term Effects of Hippotherapy on One Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Research Case Study. British Journal of Occupational Therapy 75:8, pages 359-366.
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Debbie J. Silkwood-ShererClyde B. KillianToby M. LongKathy S. Martin. (2012) Hippotherapy—An Intervention to Habilitate Balance Deficits in Children With Movement Disorders: A Clinical Trial. Physical Therapy 92:5, pages 707-717.
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Jenna L. Encheff, Charles Armstrong, Michelle Masterson, Christine Fox & Phillip Gribble. (2012) Hippotherapy Effects on Trunk, Pelvic, and Hip Motion During Ambulation in Children With Neurological Impairments. Pediatric Physical Therapy 24:3, pages 242-250.
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Anabel Corral GranadosInmaculada Fernández Agís. (2011) Why Children With Special Needs Feel Better with Hippotherapy Sessions: A Conceptual Review. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 17:3, pages 191-197.
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