17,436
Views
84
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Dental x-rays and the risk of thyroid cancer: A case-control study

, , , &
Pages 447-453 | Received 02 Nov 2009, Accepted 15 Feb 2010, Published online: 16 Apr 2010

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Eun-Gyeong Lee, Gye Won Jang, Kyeong Hee Lee & Dae Cheol Kweon. (2021) Guidelines for radiation protection in dental radiographic examinations: a questionnaire-based summary. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 176:5-6, pages 397-411.
Read now
Vinita Chauhan & Ruth C. Wilkins. (2019) A comprehensive review of the literature on the biological effects from dental X-ray exposures. International Journal of Radiation Biology 95:2, pages 107-119.
Read now
Björn Svenson, Lars Larsson & Magnus Båth. (2016) Optimization of exposure in panoramic radiography while maintaining image quality using adaptive filtering. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 74:3, pages 229-235.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (81)

Haifa A. Alyousef, S. A. Tijani, Mohammed S. Alsuhybani, Waad M. Alotaibi, B. M. Alotaibi & Mohammed F. Alotiby. (2023) The use of low‐density polyethylene‐molybdenum oxide polymer composites as radiation shielding laminates in dental radiology physical structures. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 140:47.
Crossref
Aljawhara Almuqrin, S.A. Tijani, Ahmed Al-Ghamdi, Thaqal Alhuzaymi & Mohammed F. Alotiby. (2023) Radiation shielding properties of high-density polyethylene (C2H4)/molybdenum III oxide (MoO3) polymer composites for dental diagnostic applications. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 16:4, pages 100681.
Crossref
Jin Liu, Shiqun Chen, Yang Zhou, Xueyan Zheng, Ruilin Meng, Ning Tan & Yong Liu. (2023) Effect of cumulative radiation exposure from Coronary catheterization on lung cancer mortality. BMC Cancer 23:1.
Crossref
J. Ver Berne, C. Politis, E. Shaheen & R. Jacobs. (2023) Cumulative exposure and lifetime cancer risk from diagnostic radiation in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a cross-sectional analysis. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Crossref
Christoph-Ludwig Hennig, Ina Manuela Schüler, Rebecca Scherbaum, Rika Buschek, Marcel Scheithauer, Collin Jacobs & Hans-Joachim Mentzel. (2023) Frequency of Dental X-ray Diagnostics in Children and Adolescents: What Is the Radiation Exposure?. Diagnostics 13:3, pages 394.
Crossref
Haripriya Kuchi Bhotla, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Kannan R. R. Rengasamy, Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Karthick Kumar Alagamuthu, Vadivalagan Chithravel, Aditi Chaudhary, Amer M. Alanazi, Manikantan Pappuswamy & Arun Meyyazhagan. (2022) Genotoxic repercussion of high‐intensity radiation (x‐rays) on hospital radiographers. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis.
Crossref
Aybike BAŞ & Sera ŞİMŞEK DERELİOĞLU. (2022) ÇOCUK DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KULLANILAN FARKLI RADYOGRAFİ TEKNİKLERİNDE RADYASYON DOZUNU AZALTICI ÖNLEMLER. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2021:0, pages 1-1.
Crossref
Arkarapol Thumwong, Manchusa Chinnawet, Preawpraw Intarasena, Chanis Rattanapongs, Shinji Tokonami, Tetsuo Ishikawa & Kiadtisak Saenboonruang. (2022) A Comparative Study on X-ray Shielding and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Latex Nanocomposites Containing Bi2O3 or BaSO4: Experimental and Numerical Determination. Polymers 14:17, pages 3654.
Crossref
Selmi YILMAZ. (2022) Dental ve Maksillofasial Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme güncel bilgilerDental and Maxillofacial Magnetic Resonance Imaging; an update. Selcuk Dental Journal 9:2, pages 729-737.
Crossref
Kuo Feng Hung, Liuling Hui, Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Reinhilde Jacobs, Yiu Yan Leung & Michael M. Bornstein. (2022) An analysis of patient dose received during cone-beam computed tomography in relation to scan settings and imaging indications as seen in a dental institution in order to establish institutional diagnostic reference levels. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 51:5.
Crossref
Olivier Kalmus, Martin Chalkley & Stefan Listl. (2021) Effects of provider incentives on dental X-raying in NHS Scotland: what happens if patients switch providers?. The European Journal of Health Economics 23:1, pages 59-65.
Crossref
Arnaud A Gbetchedji, Imene Mansouri, Hubert C Hounsossou, Gilles D Houndetoungan, Bertin A Gbaguidi, Nadia Haddy, Thierry C M Medehouenou, Alphonse S Avocefohoun, Daniel S Takou, Carole Rubino, Olivier Biaou, Daton Medenou, Florent de Vathaire, Kuassi M Amoussou-Guenou & Rodrigue S Allodji. (2021) Experimental Assessment of Workplace Radiation Exposure in Diagnostic X-ray Medical Imaging Centres in Benin from 2019 to 2020. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65:8, pages 988-997.
Crossref
Christina Stervik, Agneta Lith, Anna Westerlund & Annika Ekestubbe. (2021) Choice of radiography in orthodontic treatment on children and adolescents: A questionnaire‐based study performed in Sweden. European Journal of Oral Sciences 129:4.
Crossref
Monia Zidane, Thérèse Truong, Fabienne Lesueur, Constance Xhaard, Emilie Cordina-Duverger, Anne Boland, Hélène Blanché, Catherine Ory, Sylvie Chevillard, Jean-François Deleuze, Vincent Souchard, Yan Ren, Mohammed Zakarya Zemmache, Sandra Canale, Françoise Borson-Chazot, Claire Schvartz, Eugènia Mariné Barjoan, Anne-Valérie Guizard, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Claire Mulot, Julie Guibon, Mojgan Karimi, Martin Schlumberger, Elizabeth Adjadj, Carole Rubino, Pascal Guenel, Jean-Baptiste Cazier & Florent de Vathaire. (2021) Role of DNA Repair Variants and Diagnostic Radiology Exams in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Risk: A Pooled Analysis of Two Case–Control Studies. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 30:6, pages 1208-1217.
Crossref
Y. Alashban, N. Shubayr, M. Almalki, S. Albeshan, S. Aldawood & A. Aldosari. (2021) Assessment of radiation dose for dental workers in Saudi Arabia (2015–2019). Journal of King Saud University - Science 33:1, pages 101250.
Crossref
Benxiang Jiang, Jinjing Hu, Ji Li, Yizhuo Wang, Yue Zhang, Hongjian Shi, Xiaoying Tang & Chunming Li. (2020) Dental pulp segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography images. Dental pulp segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography images.
Kuofeng Hung, Liuling Hui, Andy Wai Kan Yeung, William C. Scarfe & Michael M. Bornstein. (2020) Image retake rates of cone beam computed tomography in a dental institution. Clinical Oral Investigations 24:12, pages 4501-4510.
Crossref
Valentina Drozd, Daniel I. Branovan & Christoph Reiners. (2020) Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Carcinoma: Risk Factors and Seeking Approaches for Primary Prevention. International Journal of Thyroidology 13:2, pages 95-110.
Crossref
Kevin T. Nead, Nandita Mitra, Benita Weathers, Louisa Pyle, Nnadozie Emechebe, Donna A. Pucci, Linda A. Jacobs, David J. Vaughn, Katherine L. Nathanson & Peter A. Kanetsky. (2020) Lower abdominal and pelvic radiation and testicular germ cell tumor risk. PLOS ONE 15:11, pages e0239321.
Crossref
Amal A. Almohaimede, Mohammad W. Bendahmash, Feras M. Dhafr, Abdullah F. Awwad & Ebtissam M. Al-Madi. (2020) Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Radiographic Protection by Dental Undergraduate and Endodontic Postgraduate Students, General Practitioners, and Endodontists. International Journal of Dentistry 2020, pages 1-8.
Crossref
R.C. Fontana, E. Pasqual, D.L. Miller, S.L. SimonE. Cardis & I. Thierry-Chef. (2020) Trends in Estimated Thyroid, Salivary Gland, Brain, and Eye Lens Doses From Intraoral Dental Radiography Over Seven Decades (1940 TO 2009). Health Physics 118:2, pages 136-148.
Crossref
Mahmoud F. SakrMahmoud F. Sakr. 2020. Thyroid Disease. Thyroid Disease 345 456 .
P. Praveenkumar, G. Devanand Venkatasubbu, P. Thangadurai & T. Prakash. (2019) Nanocrystalline bismuth oxyiodides thick films for X-ray detector. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing 104, pages 104686.
Crossref
Anjum MemonImogen RogersPriyamvada PaudyalJosefin Sundin. (2019) Dental X-Rays and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer and Meningioma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Epidemiological Evidence. Thyroid 29:11, pages 1572-1593.
Crossref
Josep Rodriguez-Sendra, Noe Jimenez, Ruben Pico, Joan Faus & Francisco Camarena. (2019) Monitoring the Setting of Calcium Sulfate Bone-Graft Substitute Using Ultrasonic Backscattering. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 66:10, pages 1658-1666.
Crossref
Marie‐Odile Bernier, Diana R. Withrow, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez, Clara J. K. Lam, Martha S. Linet, Cari M. Kitahara & Meredith S. Shiels. (2019) Trends in pediatric thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 1998‐2013. Cancer 125:14, pages 2497-2505.
Crossref
Sanjay Kalra. (2019) Thyroidology and public health: Challenges within the medical profession. Thyroid Research and Practice 16:3, pages 93.
Crossref
Benxiang Jiang, Yue zhang, Xiaoying Tang & Hongjian Shi. (2019) Region Growing Model with Edge Restrictions for Multiple Roots Tooth Segmentation. Region Growing Model with Edge Restrictions for Multiple Roots Tooth Segmentation.
Su-Yeon Hwang, Eun-Sil Choi, Young-Sun Kim, Bo-Eun Gim, Mina Ha & Hae-Young Kim. (2018) Health effects from exposure to dental diagnostic X-ray. Environmental Health and Toxicology 33:4, pages e2018017.
Crossref
В. І. Ткаченко & Я. Ю. Рімар. (2018) Modern view on the risk factors for malignant tumors of the thyroid gland: a systematic review. Family medicine:3, pages 57-66.
Crossref
Reinhilde Jacobs, Ruben Pauwels, William C. Scarfe, Carl De Cock, Karl Dula, Guy Willems, An Verdonck & Constantinus Politis. (2017) Pediatric cleft palate patients show a 3- to 5-fold increase in cumulative radiation exposure from dental radiology compared with an age- and gender-matched population: a retrospective cohort study. Clinical Oral Investigations 22:4, pages 1783-1793.
Crossref
Martin Chalkley & Stefan Listl. (2018) First do no harm – The impact of financial incentives on dental X-rays. Journal of Health Economics 58, pages 1-9.
Crossref
Mi Ah HanJin Hwa Kim. (2018) Diagnostic X-Ray Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Thyroid 28:2, pages 220-228.
Crossref
Siobhan Pittock. 2018. Thyroid Nodules. Thyroid Nodules 207 231 .
Evelyn Louise Antonio, Aguinaldo José do Nascimento, Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima, Maria Suely Soares Leonart & Ângela Fernandes. (2017) GENOTOXICIDADE E CITOTOXICIDADE DOS RAIOS X EM CRIANÇAS SUBMETIDAS À RADIOGRAFIA PANORÂMICA. Revista Paulista de Pediatria 35:3, pages 296-301.
Crossref
T Prasanth Dhanapal, Noble Joy Manayanipuram & Anuja Anna Cherian. (2012) Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2:1, pages 8-11.
Crossref
Luís Raposo, Samantha Morais, Maria J. Oliveira, Ana P. Marques, Maria José Bento & Nuno Lunet. (2017) Trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality in Portugal. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 26:2, pages 135-143.
Crossref
Yihao Liu, Lei Su & Haipeng Xiao. (2017) Review of Factors Related to the Thyroid Cancer Epidemic. International Journal of Endocrinology 2017, pages 1-9.
Crossref
Giovanni Conzo, Ernesto Tartaglia, Nicola Avenia, Pier Giorgio Calò, Annamaria de Bellis, Katherine Esposito, Claudio Gambardella, Sergio Iorio, Daniela Pasquali, Luigi Santini, Maria Antonia Sinisi, Antonio Agostino Sinisi, Mario Testini, Andrea Polistena & Giuseppe Bellastella. (2016) Role of prophylactic central compartment lymph node dissection in clinically N0 differentiated thyroid cancer patients: analysis of risk factors and review of modern trends. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 14:1.
Crossref
Michael Carlberg, Lena Hedendahl, Mikko Ahonen, Tarmo Koppel & Lennart Hardell. (2016) Increasing incidence of thyroid cancer in the Nordic countries with main focus on Swedish data. BMC Cancer 16:1.
Crossref
GD Crane & PV Abbott. (2016) Radiation shielding in dentistry: an update. Australian Dental Journal 61:3, pages 277-281.
Crossref
Winfrid Eisenberg. (2016) No Medical Indication. Deutsches Ärzteblatt international.
Crossref
Reinier C Hoogeveen, Bart Hazenoot, Gerard C H Sanderink & W Erwin R Berkhout. (2016) The value of thyroid shielding in intraoral radiography. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 45:5, pages 20150407.
Crossref
Abeer Gawish & Amany Khalifa. (2016) Impact of exposure to dental X-ray on thyroid disorders. Egyptian Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery 7:2, pages 31-34.
Crossref
Beatriz de Lucena Villa-Chan Cantalupo, Aline Carvalho da Silva Xavier, Clemanzy Mariano Leandro da Silva, Marcos Ely Almeida Andrade, Vinícius Saito Monteiro de Barros & Helen Jamil Khoury. (2016) Dosimetric evaluation of X-ray examinations of paranasal sinuses in pediatric patients. Radiologia Brasileira 49:2, pages 79-85.
Crossref
Elmira Pakbaznejad Esmaeili, Kirsti Hurmerinta, David Rice & Anni Suomalainen. (2016) Ultrasonographic localization of the thyroid gland for its optimal shielding prior to lateral cephalometric radiography: a pilot study. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 45:3, pages 20150341.
Crossref
Saad Al Shahrani Awad, El Metwally Ashraf, Al Surimi Khaled, Bin Salih Salih, Saleh Yousef, Al Shehri Abeer & Ali Anna. (2016) The epidemiology of thyroid diseases in the Arab world: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology 8:2, pages 17-26.
Crossref
Keith Godfrey. (2016) Orthodontists and the thyroid gland. Australasian Orthodontic Journal 32:2, pages 193-198.
Crossref
Edwin T. Parks & Johan K. Aps. 2016. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent. McDonald and Avery's Dentistry for the Child and Adolescent 17 38 .
Henning Dralle, Andreas Machens, Johanna Basa, Vahab Fatourechi, Silvia Franceschi, Ian D. Hay, Yuri E. Nikiforov, Furio Pacini, Janice L. Pasieka & Steven I. Sherman. (2015) Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Nature Reviews Disease Primers 1:1.
Crossref
Maria Isabel C Vieira Cordioli, Lais Moraes, Adriano Namo Cury & Janete M Cerutti. (2015) Are we really at the dawn of understanding sporadic pediatric thyroid carcinoma?. Endocrine-Related Cancer 22:6, pages R311-R324.
Crossref
Deoknam Seo, Seonggyu Han, Kie Hwan Kim, Jungsu Kim, Kyung Park, Hyunjong Lim & Jungmin Kim. (2015) Evaluation based on Monte Carlo simulation of lifetime attributable risk of cancer after neck X-ray radiography. La radiologia medica 120:11, pages 1043-1049.
Crossref
R C Hoogeveen, D Rottke, P F van der Stelt & W E R Berkhout. (2015) Dose reduction in orthodontic lateral cephalography: dosimetric evaluation of a novel cephalographic thyroid protector (CTP) and anatomical cranial collimation (ACC). Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 44:4, pages 20140260.
Crossref
T.-H. Wu, W.-C. Lin, W.-K. Chen, Y.-C. Chang & J.-J. Hwang. (2014) Predicting Cancer Risks from Dental Computed Tomography. Journal of Dental Research 94:1, pages 27-35.
Crossref
Giovanni Conzo, Nicola Avenia, Giuseppe Bellastella, Giancarlo Candela, Annamaria de Bellis, Katherine Esposito, Daniela Pasquali, Andrea Polistena, Luigi Santini & Antonio Agostino Sinisi. (2014) The role of surgery in the current management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine 47:2, pages 380-388.
Crossref
Sergio Koifman, Thainá Alves Malhão, Gisele Pinto de Oliveira, Volney de Magalhães Câmara, Rosalina Jorge Koifman & Armando Meyer. (2014) Cancer mortality among Brazilian dentists. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 57:11, pages 1255-1264.
Crossref
David A. Siegel, Jessica KingEric TaiNatasha Buchanan, Umed A. Ajani & Jun Li. (2014) Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 2001–2009. Pediatrics 134:4, pages e945-e955.
Crossref
J K M Aps & J M Scott. (2014) Oblique lateral radiographs and bitewings; estimation of organ doses in head and neck region with Monte Carlo calculations. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 43:6, pages 20130419.
Crossref
Stuart C. White, William C. Scarfe, Ralf K.W. Schulze, Alan G. Lurie, Joanna M. Douglass, Allan G. Farman, Clarice S. Law, Martin D. Levin, Robert A. Sauer, Richard W. Valachovic, Gregory G. Zeller & Marilyn J. Goske. (2014) The Image Gently in Dentistry campaign: promotion of responsible use of maxillofacial radiology in dentistry for children. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 118:3, pages 257-261.
Crossref
Dong Xu Ji, Sim Heng Ong & Kelvin Weng Chiong Foong. (2014) A level-set based approach for anterior teeth segmentation in cone beam computed tomography images. Computers in Biology and Medicine 50, pages 116-128.
Crossref
Crispian Scully. 2014. Scully's Medical Problems in Dentistry. Scully's Medical Problems in Dentistry 713 729 .
Savannah Gelesko, Michael R. Markiewicz & R. Bryan Bell. (2013) Responsible and Prudent Imaging in the Diagnosis and Management of Facial Fractures. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America 25:4, pages 545-560.
Crossref
Kennichi Kakudo & Zhiyan LiuJoseph M ShulanJennifer A Sipos. 2013. Clinical Management of Thyroid Cancer. Clinical Management of Thyroid Cancer 6 17 .
AD Goren, RD Prins, LT Dauer, B Quinn, A Al-Najjar, RD Faber, G Patchell, I Branets & DC Colosi. (2013) Effect of leaded glasses and thyroid shielding on cone beam CT radiation dose in an adult female phantom. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 42:6, pages 20120260.
Crossref
R Chiri, S Awan, S Archibald & PV Abbott. (2013) Parental knowledge and attitudes towards dental radiography for children. Australian Dental Journal 58:2, pages 163-169.
Crossref
G. Neta, P. Rajaraman, A. Berrington de Gonzalez, M. M. Doody, B. H. Alexander, D. Preston, S. L. Simon, D. Melo, J. Miller, D. M. Freedman, M. S. Linet & A. J. Sigurdson. (2013) A Prospective Study of Medical Diagnostic Radiography and Risk of Thyroid Cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 177:8, pages 800-809.
Crossref
Byung-Do LeeJohn B. Ludlow. (2013) Attitude of the Korean dentists towards radiation safety and selection criteria. Imaging Science in Dentistry 43:3, pages 179.
Crossref
Gabriella Pellegriti, Francesco Frasca, Concetto Regalbuto, Sebastiano Squatrito & Riccardo Vigneri. (2013) Worldwide Increasing Incidence of Thyroid Cancer: Update on Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Journal of Cancer Epidemiology 2013, pages 1-10.
Crossref
M. Blomberg, U. Feldt‐Rasmussen, K.K. Andersen & S.K. Kjaer. (2012) Thyroid cancer in Denmark 1943–2008, before and after iodine supplementation. International Journal of Cancer 131:10, pages 2360-2366.
Crossref
J. Barber & J. P. McNulty. (2012) Investigation into scatter radiation dose levels received by a restrainer in small animal radiography. Journal of Small Animal Practice 53:10, pages 578-585.
Crossref
Ann‐Marie C. DePalma & Shirley Gutkowski. 2012. Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry. Comprehensive Preventive Dentistry 358 376 .
SC White & SM Mallya. (2012) Update on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, relative dose factors and radiation hygiene. Australian Dental Journal 57:s1, pages 2-8.
Crossref
Thomas Fortin. (2012) Radioprotection : tomographie à faisceau conique pour la chirurgie orale et maxillo-faciale. Médecine Buccale Chirurgie Buccale 18:1, pages 60-77.
Crossref
Diego Coelho Lorenzoni, Ana Maria Bolognese, Daniela Gamba Garib, Fabio Ribeiro Guedes & Eduardo Franzotti Sant’Anna. (2012) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Radiographs in Dentistry: Aspects Related to Radiation Dose. International Journal of Dentistry 2012, pages 1-10.
Crossref
Janina Kopyra, Iwona Szamrej, Hassan Abdoul-Carime, Bernadette Farizon & Michel Farizon. (2012) Decomposition of methionine by low energy electrons. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14:22, pages 8000-8004.
Crossref
W.M. Wiersinga. 2012. Algemene ziekteleer voor tandartsen. Algemene ziekteleer voor tandartsen 221 237 .
Scott A. RivkeesErnest L. MazzaferriFrederik A. VerburgChristoph ReinersMarkus Luster, Christopher K. BreuerCatherine A. DinauerRobert Udelsman. (2011) The Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children: Emphasis on Surgical Approach and Radioactive Iodine Therapy. Endocrine Reviews 32:6, pages 798-826.
Crossref
B. van den Bergh, Y. Goey & T. Forouzanfar. (2011) Postoperative radiographs after maxillofacial trauma: Sense or nonsense?. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 40:12, pages 1373-1376.
Crossref
Caroline C. Rodgers. (2011) Dental X-ray exposure and Alzheimer’s disease: A hypothetical etiological association. Medical Hypotheses 77:1, pages 29-34.
Crossref
Dawn M. HolmanAshwini SomanMeg WatsonHannah K. WeirKatrina F. TriversMary C. White. (2011) Examination of the Increase in Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among Younger Women in the United States by Age, Race, Geography, and Tumor Size, 1999–2007. Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology 1:2, pages 95-102.
Crossref
S.J. Schonfeld, C. Lee & A. Berrington de González. (2011) Medical Exposure to Radiation and Thyroid Cancer. Clinical Oncology 23:4, pages 244-250.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.