3,700
Views
103
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Clostridium difficile Infection: A Comprehensive Review

&
Pages 178-187 | Received 13 Nov 2010, Accepted 18 Jan 2011, Published online: 24 May 2011

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (3)

Muhammad Umar, Uracha Ruktanonchai, Davids Makararpong & Anil Kumar Anal. (2023) Enhancing Immunity Against Pathogens Through Glycosylated Bovine Colostrum Proteins. Food Reviews International 0:0, pages 1-18.
Read now
Mario Juhas. (2015) Horizontal gene transfer in human pathogens. Critical Reviews in Microbiology 41:1, pages 101-108.
Read now
Chaitanya Pant, Abhishek Deshpande, Muhammad A. Altaf, Anil Minocha & Thomas J. Sferra. (2013) Clostridium difficile infection in children: a comprehensive review. Current Medical Research and Opinion 29:8, pages 967-984.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (100)

Dahyun Kim, Jusuk Lee, Clovis Shyaka, Jin-Hwan Kwak, Hyunjoo Pai, Mina Rho, Marco A. Ciufolini, Minwoo Han, Jong-Hwan Park, Young-Rok Kim, Sungji Jung, Ah-Ra Jang, Eunjung Kim, Jee-Young Lee, Hakyeong Lee, Young-Jin Son & Hee-Jong Hwang. (2023) Identification of Micrococcin P2-Derivatives as Antibiotic Candidates against Two Gram-Positive Pathogens. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 66:20, pages 14263-14277.
Crossref
Lijun Xie, Li Chen, Yongbo Wei, Nannan Chen, Tong Wu, Jingming Zhou, Hong Jiang & Feng Lin. (2023) Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel PEG-Rakicidin B1 Hybrid as Clostridium difficile (CD) Targeted Anti-Bacterial Agent. Molecules 28:16, pages 6152.
Crossref
Lucy Hocking, Gianluca Ianiro, Rupert W. Leong, Tariq Iqbal, Dina Kao, Mark Cabling, Stephanie Stockwell, Robert J. Romanelli & Sonja Marjanovic. (2022) Faecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent C. difficile infections: challenges and improvement opportunities for clinical practice and healthcare systems . Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 57:5, pages 549-564.
Crossref
Susanne B. Haga. 2023. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine 513 529 .
Natalie Effelsberg, Meike Buchholz, Stefanie Kampmeier, Andrea Lücke, Vera Schwierzeck, Frederick J. Angulo, Gordon Brestrich, Catherine Martin, Jennifer C. Moïsi, Christof von Eiff, Alexander Mellmann & Lutz von Müller. (2022) Frequency of Diarrhea, Stool Specimen Collection and Testing, and Detection of Clostridioides Difficile Infection Among Hospitalized Adults in the Muenster/Coesfeld Area, Germany. Current Microbiology 80:1.
Crossref
Young-Jin Son, Young-Rok Kim, Sang-Hun Oh, Sungji Jung, Marco A. Ciufolini, Hee-Jong Hwang, Jin-Hwan Kwak & Hyunjoo Pai. (2022) Micrococcin P2 Targets Clostridioides difficile . Journal of Natural Products 85:8, pages 1928-1935.
Crossref
Martin Vestergaard, Dirk Bald & Hanne Ingmer. (2022) Targeting the ATP synthase in bacterial and fungal pathogens: beyond Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 29, pages 29-41.
Crossref
Wimonrat Panpetch, Pornpimol Phuengmaung, Thanya Cheibchalard, Naraporn Somboonna, Asada Leelahavanichkul & Somying Tumwasorn. (2021) Lacticaseibacillus casei Strain T21 Attenuates Clostridioides difficile Infection in a Murine Model Through Reduction of Inflammation and Gut Dysbiosis With Decreased Toxin Lethality and Enhanced Mucin Production. Frontiers in Microbiology 12.
Crossref
Kamal Kant Sahu, Ajay Kumar Mishra, Vishal Jindal, Ahmad Daniyal Siddiqui & Susan V. George. (2021) To study the contributing factors and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with solid tumors. Heliyon 7:12, pages e08450.
Crossref
Ayşenur Arslan, Merve Kaplan, Hatice Duman, Ayşe Bayraktar, Melih Ertürk, Bethany M. Henrick, Steven A. Frese & Sercan Karav. (2021) Bovine Colostrum and Its Potential for Human Health and Nutrition. Frontiers in Nutrition 8.
Crossref
Brittany Stephenson, Cristina Lanzas, Suzanne Lenhart, Eduardo Ponce, Jason Bintz, Erik R. Dubberke & Judy Day. (2020) Comparing intervention strategies for reducing Clostridioides difficile transmission in acute healthcare settings: an agent-based modeling study. BMC Infectious Diseases 20:1.
Crossref
George A. Naclerio, Nader S. Abutaleb, Daoyi Li, Mohamed N. Seleem & Herman O. Sintim. (2020) Ultrapotent Inhibitor of Clostridioides difficile Growth, Which Suppresses Recurrence In Vivo . Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 63:20, pages 11934-11944.
Crossref
Glorijoy Shi En Tan, Hui Lin Tay, Sock Hoon Tan, Tau Hong Lee, Tat Ming Ng & David Chien Lye. (2020) Gut Microbiota Modulation: Implications for Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship. Advances in Therapy 37:10, pages 4054-4067.
Crossref
S. Yuille, W.G. Mackay, D.J. Morrison & M.C. Tedford. (2020) Drivers of Clostridioides difficile hypervirulent ribotype 027 spore germination, vegetative cell growth and toxin production in vitro. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 26:7, pages 941.e1-941.e7.
Crossref
Deepansh Mody, Ahmad I.M. Athamneh & Mohamed N. Seleem. (2020) Curcumin: A natural derivative with antibacterial activity against Clostridium difficile. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 21, pages 154-161.
Crossref
Nader S. Abutaleb & Mohamed N. Seleem. (2020) Auranofin, at clinically achievable dose, protects mice and prevents recurrence from Clostridioides difficile infection. Scientific Reports 10:1.
Crossref
Melina Kachrimanidou & Eleftherios Tsintarakis. (2020) Insights into the Role of Human Gut Microbiota in Clostridioides difficile Infection. Microorganisms 8:2, pages 200.
Crossref
S. Mileto, A. Das & D. Lyras. 2019. Gram-Positive Pathogens. Gram-Positive Pathogens 991 1011 .
Yu Ling Lee-Tsai, Rodrigo Luna-Santiago, Roberta Demichelis-Gómez, Alfredo Ponce-de-León, Eric Ochoa-Hein, Karla María Tamez-Torres, María T Bourlon & Christianne Bourlon. (2019) Determining the risk factors associated with the development of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with hematological diseases . BLOOD RESEARCH 54:2, pages 120-124.
Crossref
S. Mileto, A. Das & D. Lyras. (2019) Enterotoxic Clostridia: Clostridioides difficile Infections . Microbiology Spectrum 7:3.
Crossref
Lisa Quigley, Mairéad Coakley, Debebe Alemayehu, Mary C. Rea, Patrick G. Casey, Órla O’Sullivan, Eileen Murphy, Barry Kiely, Paul D. Cotter, Colin Hill & R. Paul Ross. (2019) Lactobacillus gasseri APC 678 Reduces Shedding of the Pathogen Clostridium difficile in a Murine Model. Frontiers in Microbiology 10.
Crossref
Elena-Stella Theophilou, Prerna Vohra, Maurice P. Gallagher, Ian R. Poxton & Garry W. Blakely. (2019) Generation of Markerless Deletions in the Nosocomial Pathogen Clostridium difficile by Induction of DNA Double-Strand Breaks . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85:3.
Crossref
Traian Tache, Răzvan Chirică, Marius-Daniel Radu, Gabriela Gegiu & Sorin Rugină. (2019) Prevalence of infections with Clostridium difficile on potential pathology groups . Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry 30:1, pages 21-24.
Crossref
Toshio Ohshima, Takako Osaki, Yukari Yamamoto, Satomi Asai, Hayato Miyachi & Shigeru Kamiya. (2018) Evaluation of Risk Factors for Clostridium difficile Infection Based on Immunochromatography Testing and Toxigenic Culture Assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 56:12.
Crossref
Yu. A. Shelygin, V. A. Aleshkin, M. A. Sukhina, A. Yu. Mironov, N. I. Briko, R. S. Kozlov, V. V. Zverev, S. I. Achkasov, O. V. Kovalishena, E. P. Selkova, A. L. Safin, T. A. Grenkova, I. L. Khalif, S. A. Frolov, V. N. Kashnikov & O. I. Sushkov. (2018) КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ АССОЦИАЦИИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПО КОНТРОЛЮ ИНФЕКЦИЙ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ОКАЗАНИЕМ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ, И ОБЩЕРОССИЙСКОЙ ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЙ НЕКОММЕРЧЕСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ «АССОЦИАЦИЯ КОЛОПРОКТОЛОГОВ РОССИИ» ПО ДИАГНОСТИКЕ, ЛЕЧЕНИЮ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE-АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ДИАРЕИ (CDI). Koloproktologia:3, pages 7-23.
Crossref
Asif Noor & Leonard R. Krilov. (2018) Clostridium difficile Infection in Children . Pediatric Annals 47:9.
Crossref
Bárbara de Oliveira Moreira, Luana Silva Pais & Lívia de Almeida Costa. (2018) Diarreia causada por Clostridium difficile: recentes avanços. HU Revista 43:2, pages 155-161.
Crossref
Antonio Ginés García-Saura, Rubén Zapata-Pérez, José Francisco Hidalgo & Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer. (2018) Comparative inhibitory profile and distribution of bacterial PARPs, using Clostridioides difficile CD160 PARP as a model. Scientific Reports 8:1.
Crossref
Tejas Joshi, Bret D. Elderd & Karen C. Abbott. (2018) No appendix necessary: Fecal transplants and antibiotics can resolve Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Theoretical Biology 442, pages 139-148.
Crossref
Pratik Panchal, Shrish Budree, Alex Scheeler, Geraldine Medina, Monica Seng, Wing Fei Wong, Ryan Eliott, Thomas Mitchell, Zain Kassam, Jessica R. Allegretti & Majdi Osman. (2018) Scaling Safe Access to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Past, Present, and Future. Current Gastroenterology Reports 20:4.
Crossref
William J. Bradshaw, April K. Roberts, Clifford C. Shone & K. Ravi Acharya. (2017) The structure of the S-layer of Clostridium difficile. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling 12:1, pages 319-331.
Crossref
Katsuhiko Mitachi, Hyun Gi Yun, Sara M. Kurosu, Shakiba Eslamimehr, Maddie R. Lemieux, Lada Klaić, William M. ClemonsJr.Jr. & Michio Kurosu. (2018) Novel FR-900493 Analogues That Inhibit the Outgrowth of Clostridium difficile Spores . ACS Omega 3:2, pages 1726-1739.
Crossref
Lucinda Furci & Massimiliano Secchi. 2018. Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Diseases. Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Diseases 97 131 .
Pongali Raghavendra & Thammineni Pullaiah. 2018. Advances in Cell and Molecular Diagnostics. Advances in Cell and Molecular Diagnostics 203 270 .
Mark Lynch, Thomas A. Walsh, Izabela Marszalowska, Andrew E. Webb, Micheál MacAogain, Thomas R. Rogers, Henry Windle, Dermot Kelleher, Mary J. O’Connell & Christine E. Loscher. (2017) Surface layer proteins from virulent Clostridium difficile ribotypes exhibit signatures of positive selection with consequences for innate immune response. BMC Evolutionary Biology 17:1.
Crossref
William J. Bradshaw, Jonathan M. Kirby, April K. Roberts, Clifford C. Shone & K. Ravi Acharya. (2017) The molecular structure of the glycoside hydrolase domain of Cwp19 from Clostridium difficile . The FEBS Journal 284:24, pages 4343-4357.
Crossref
Melina Kachrimanidou, Olga Tsachouridou, Ioannis A. Ziogas, Eirini Christaki, Efthymia Protonotariou, Symeon Metallidis, Lemonia Skoura & Ed Kuijper. (2017) Clostridium difficile infections in a university hospital in Greece are mainly associated with PCR ribotypes 017 and 126. Journal of Medical Microbiology 66:12, pages 1774-1781.
Crossref
Athanasios Skoutelis, Angelos Pefanis, Sotirios Tsiodras, Nikolaos V. Sipsas, Moyssis Lelekis, Marios C. Lazanas, Panagiotis Gargalianos, George N. Dalekos, Emmanuel Roilides, George Samonis, Efstratios Maltezos, Dimitrios Hatzigeorgiou, Malvina Lada, Symeon Metallidis, Athena Stoupis, Georgios Chrysos, Lazaros Karnesis, Styliani Symbardi, Chariclia V. Loupa, Helen Giamarellou, Ioannis Kioumis, Helen Sambatakou, Epameinondas Tsianos, Maria Kotsopoulou, Areti Georgopali, Klairi Liakou, Stavroula Perlorentzou, Stamatina Levidiotou, Marina Giotsa-Toutouza, Helen Tsorlini-Christoforidou, Ilias Karaiskos, Georgia Kouppari, Eleftheria Trikka-Graphakos, Maria-Anna Ntrivala, Kate Themeli-Digalaki, Anastasia Pangalis, Melina Kachrimanidou, Maria Martsoukou, Stergios Karapsias, Maria Panopoulou, Sofia Maraki, Anagnostina Orfanou, Efthymia Petinaki, Maria Orfanidou, Vasiliki Baka, Antonios Stylianakis, Iris Spiliopoulou, Stavroula Smilakou, Loukia Zerva, Evangelos Vogiatzakis, Eleni Belesiotou & Charalambos A. Gogos. (2017) Point-prevalence survey of healthcare facility-onset healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection in Greek hospitals outside the intensive care unit: The C. DEFINE study. PLOS ONE 12:8, pages e0182799.
Crossref
Natalia Blanco, Betsy Foxman, Anurag N. Malani, Min Zhang, Seth Walk, Alexander H. Rickard & Marisa C. Eisenberg. (2017) An in silico evaluation of treatment regimens for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. PLOS ONE 12:8, pages e0182815.
Crossref
Lena M. Napolitano & Charles E. EdmistonJr.Jr.. (2017) Clostridium difficile disease: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment update. Surgery 162:2, pages 325-348.
Crossref
Greig McCreery, Philip M Jones, Biniam Kidane, Vanessa DeMelo & Tina Mele. (2017) Polyethylene glycol intestinal lavage in addition to usual antibiotic treatment for severe Clostridium difficile colitis: a randomised controlled pilot study . BMJ Open 7:7, pages e016803.
Crossref
A. L. Safin, S. I. Achkasov, M. A. Sukhina & O. I. Sushkov. (2017) QOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE INFECTION: QINIC, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT (review). Koloproktologia:2, pages 80-88.
Crossref
Craig A. Messick, Jeff P. Hammel & Tracy Hull. (2017) Risk Factors that Predict Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infections in Surgical Patients. The American Surgeon 83:6, pages 653-659.
Crossref
Paul A. Anderson, James Bernatz & Nasia Safdar. (2017) Clostridium difficile Infection: An Orthopaedic Surgeon’s Guide to Epidemiology, Management, and Prevention. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 25:3, pages 214-223.
Crossref
Paul Yang, Sara Hash, Katherine Park, Charlene Wong, Loganathan Doraisamy, Jonas Petterson, Cathy A. Petti, Pamela M. Ward, Seung Heon Lee, Suresh Menon & Rosemary C. She. (2017) Application of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to Detect Toxigenic Clostridium difficile from Stool Specimens. The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics 19:2, pages 230-235.
Crossref
Susanne B. Haga. 2017. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine 717 732 .
Christopher Staley, Alexa R. Weingarden, Alexander Khoruts & Michael J. Sadowsky. (2016) Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101:1, pages 47-64.
Crossref
Tucker Maxson & Douglas A. Mitchell. (2016) Targeted treatment for bacterial infections: prospects for pathogen-specific antibiotics coupled with rapid diagnostics. Tetrahedron 72:25, pages 3609-3624.
Crossref
Jason Fawley & David M. Gourlay. (2016) Intestinal alkaline phosphatase: a summary of its role in clinical disease. Journal of Surgical Research 202:1, pages 225-234.
Crossref
Frank E. Berkowitz & Robert C. Jerris. 2016. Practical Medical Microbiology for Clinicians. Practical Medical Microbiology for Clinicians 205 216 .
Husnu Sahan Guran & Osman Irfan Ilhak. (2015) Clostridium difficile in retail chicken meat parts and liver in the Eastern Region of Turkey. Journal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit 10:4, pages 359-364.
Crossref
Bradley J. Hensley & John R.T. Monson. (2015) Hospital-acquired infections. Surgery (Oxford) 33:11, pages 528-533.
Crossref
Martine Gehin, Boško Desnica & Jasper Dingemanse. (2015) Minimal systemic and high faecal exposure to cadazolid in patients with severe Clostridium difficile infection. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 46:5, pages 576-581.
Crossref
S. Yuille, W. G. Mackay, D. J. Morrison & M. C. Tedford. (2015) Optimising gut colonisation resistance against Clostridium difficile infection. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 34:11, pages 2161-2166.
Crossref
Stephen M Vindigni & Christina M Surawicz. (2015) C. difficile Infection: Changing Epidemiology and Management Paradigms. Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology 6:7, pages e99.
Crossref
Cynthia Lin, Timothy Wade & Elizabeth Hilborn. (2015) Flooding and Clostridium difficile Infection: A Case-Crossover Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12:6, pages 6948-6964.
Crossref
E. J. C. Goldstein, S. Johnson, P.-J. Maziade, L. V. McFarland, W. Trick, L. Dresser, M. Millette, H. Mazloum & D. E. Low. (2015) Pathway to Prevention of Nosocomial Clostridium difficile Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 60:suppl 2, pages S148-S158.
Crossref
Rupak Datta, N. Neely Kazerouni, Jon Rosenberg, Vinh Q. Nguyen, Michael Phelan, John Billimek, Chenghua Cao, Patricia McLendon, Kate Cummings & Susan S. Huang. (2015) Substantial Variation in Hospital Rankings after Adjusting for Hospital-Level Predictors of Publicly-Reported Hospital-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Rates . Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 36:4, pages 464-466.
Crossref
Lucinda Furci, Rossella Baldan, Valentina Bianchini, Alberto Trovato, Cristina Ossi, Paola Cichero & Daniela M. Cirillo. (2015) New Role for Human α-Defensin 5 in the Fight against Hypervirulent Clostridium difficile Strains. Infection and Immunity 83:3, pages 986-995.
Crossref
William J. Bradshaw, April K. Roberts, Clifford C. Shone & K. Ravi Acharya. (2015) Cwp84, a Clostridium difficile cysteine protease, exhibits conformational flexibility in the absence of its propeptide . Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 71:3, pages 295-303.
Crossref
Carlos A. Sanhueza, Jonathan Cartmell, Amr El-Hawiet, Adam Szpacenko, Elena N. Kitova, Rambod Daneshfar, John S. Klassen, Dean E. Lang, Luiz Eugenio, Kenneth K.-S. Ng, Pavel I. Kitov & David R. Bundle. (2015) Evaluation of a focused virtual library of heterobifunctional ligands for Clostridium difficile toxins. Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13:1, pages 283-298.
Crossref
Iyad Issa & Rami Moucari. (2014) Probiotics for antibiotic-associated diarrhea: Do we have a verdict?. World Journal of Gastroenterology 20:47, pages 17788-17795.
Crossref
Hyeun Bum Kim, Quanshun Zhang, Xingmin Sun, Gillian Beamer, Yuankai Wang & Saul Tzipori. (2014) Beneficial Effect of Oral Tigecycline Treatment on Clostridium difficile Infection in Gnotobiotic Piglets. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58:12, pages 7560-7564.
Crossref
Eric W. FordBrian T. BoyerNir MenachemiTimothy R. Huerta. (2014) Increasing Hand Washing Compliance With a Simple Visual Cue. American Journal of Public Health 104:10, pages 1851-1856.
Crossref
S. Killeen, S.T. Martin, J. Hyland, P.R. O' Connell & D.C. Winter. (2014) Clostridium difficile enteritis: A new role for an old foe. The Surgeon 12:5, pages 256-262.
Crossref
Pamela R. WaltersBrian S. Zuckerbraun. (2014) Clostridium difficile Infection: Clinical Challenges and Management Strategies. Critical Care Nurse 34:4, pages 24-33.
Crossref
J. T. Higa & C. P. Kelly. (2013) New Drugs and Strategies for Management of Clostridium difficile Colitis . Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 29:4, pages 190-199.
Crossref
Wolfram Haller, Oren Ledder, Peter J Lewindon, Richard Couper, Kevin J Gaskin & Mark Oliver. (2014) Cystic fibrosis: An update for clinicians. Part 1: Nutrition and gastrointestinal complications. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 29:7, pages 1344-1355.
Crossref
Charisse Petersen & June L. Round. (2014) Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease. Cellular Microbiology 16:7, pages 1024-1033.
Crossref
William J. Bradshaw, Jonathan M. Kirby, Nethaji Thiyagarajan, Christopher J. Chambers, Abigail H. Davies, April K. Roberts, Clifford C. Shone & K. Ravi Acharya. (2014) The structure of the cysteine protease and lectin-like domains of Cwp84, a surface layer-associated protein from Clostridium difficile . Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 70:7, pages 1983-1993.
Crossref
Asunción Moreno Camacho & Isabel Ruiz Camps. (2014) Infección nosocomial en el paciente receptor de un trasplante de órgano sólido o de precursores hematopoyéticos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 32:6, pages 386-395.
Crossref
Sayeda Nasrin Alam, Halim Yammine, Omeed Moaven, Rizwan Ahmed, Angela K. Moss, Brishti Biswas, Nur Muhammad, Rakesh Biswas, Atri Raychowdhury, Kanakaraju Kaliannan, Sathi Ghosh, Madhury Ray, Sulaiman R. Hamarneh, Soumik Barua, Nondita S. Malo, Atul K. Bhan, Madhu S. Malo & Richard A. Hodin. (2014) Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Prevents Antibiotic-Induced Susceptibility to Enteric Pathogens. Annals of Surgery 259:4, pages 715-722.
Crossref
Kai B. Dallas, Audree Condren & Celia M. Divino. (2014) Life after colectomy for fulminant Clostridium difficile colitis: a 7-year follow up study. The American Journal of Surgery 207:4, pages 533-539.
Crossref
M. Kazanowski, S. Smolarek, F. Kinnarney & Z. Grzebieniak. (2013) Clostridium difficile: epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities—a systematic review. Techniques in Coloproctology 18:3, pages 223-232.
Crossref
Chao Chen, Naveen K. Dolla, Gabriele Casadei, John B. Bremner, Kim Lewis & Michael J. Kelso. (2014) Diarylacylhydrazones: Clostridium-selective antibacterials with activity against stationary-phase cells. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24:2, pages 595-600.
Crossref
Michael A. Rubin, Makoto Jones, Molly Leecaster, Karim Khader, Willy Ray, Angela Huttner, Benedikt Huttner, Damon Toth, Theodore Sablay, Robert J. Borotkanics, Dale N. Gerding & Matthew H. Samore. (2013) A Simulation-Based Assessment of Strategies to Control Clostridium Difficile Transmission and Infection. PLoS ONE 8:11, pages e80671.
Crossref
Helena Lomba Viana. (2013) Clostridium difficile: infeção e ribotipos. GE Jornal Português de Gastrenterologia 20:6, pages 240-242.
Crossref
Urs A. Ochsner & Thale C. Jarvis. 2013. Antibiotics. Antibiotics 387 410 .
Aijaz Ahmed Sofi, Claudiu Georgescu, Thomas Sodeman & Ali Nawras. (2013) Physician Outlook Toward Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection. American Journal of Gastroenterology 108:10, pages 1661-1662.
Crossref
James M Evans, Laura S Morris & Julian R Marchesi. (2013) The gut microbiome: the role of a virtual organ in the endocrinology of the host. Journal of Endocrinology 218:3, pages R37-R47.
Crossref
Amber Howerton, Manomita Patra & Ernesto Abel-Santos. (2013) Fate of Ingested Clostridium difficile Spores in Mice. PLoS ONE 8:8, pages e72620.
Crossref
Riadh Hammami, Benoit Fernandez, Christophe Lacroix & Ismail Fliss. (2012) Anti-infective properties of bacteriocins: an update. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 70:16, pages 2947-2967.
Crossref
Amber Howerton, Manomita Patra & Ernesto Abel-Santos. (2013) A New Strategy for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases 207:10, pages 1498-1504.
Crossref
Alicia Olson, Lawrence N. Diebel & David M. Liberati. (2013) Effect of host defenses on Clostridium difficile toxin–induced intestinal barrier injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74:4, pages 983-990.
Crossref
Bernat Olle. (2013) Medicines from microbiota. Nature Biotechnology 31:4, pages 309-315.
Crossref
Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo, Beatriz Mirelis & Ferran Navarro. (2013) Infecciones producidas por Clostridium difficile. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica 31:4, pages 254-263.
Crossref
Janet T. Lee, Marshall I. Hertz, Jordan M. Dunitz, Rosemary F. Kelly, Jonathan D'Cunha, Bryan A. Whitson & Sara J. Shumway. (2013) The rise of C lostridium difficile infection in lung transplant recipients in the modern era . Clinical Transplantation 27:2, pages 303-310.
Crossref
Bong-Soo KimYoon-Seong JeonJongsik Chun. (2013) Current Status and Future Promise of the Human Microbiome. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition 16:2, pages 71.
Crossref
William Erb & Jieping Zhu. (2013) From natural product to marketed drug: the tiacumicin odyssey. Nat. Prod. Rep. 30:1, pages 161-174.
Crossref
F. Schmitz. (2012) Die Stuhltransplantation ist hochwirksam in der Therapie der Clostridium-difficile-InfektionFecal transplantation is highly effective in the treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Der Gastroenterologe 8:1, pages 54-55.
Crossref
Karen C. Carroll. 2013. Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology. Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology 769 783 .
J. S. Zipursky, T. I. Sidorsky, C. A. Freedman, M. N. Sidorsky & K. B. Kirkland. (2012) Patient Attitudes Toward the Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection. Clinical Infectious Diseases 55:12, pages 1652-1658.
Crossref
Stefano Di Bella, Maria Grazia Paglia, Emma Johnson & Nicola Petrosillo. (2012) Clostridium difficile 027 infection in Central Italy. BMC Infectious Diseases 12:1.
Crossref
Kristin N. Kelly & John R.T. Monson. (2012) Hospital-acquired infections. Surgery (Oxford) 30:12, pages 640-644.
Crossref
Randeep S. Jawa & David W. Mercer. (2012) Clostridium difficile–associated infection: a disease of varying severity. The American Journal of Surgery 204:6, pages 836-842.
Crossref
D.F. Wolfgram, D. Foster, B.C. Astor & M.R. Chan. (2012) Development of Clostridium difficile Colitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Treated for Peritonitis . Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 32:6, pages 666-668.
Crossref
Victor O. Badger, Nate A. Ledeboer, Mary Beth Graham & Charles E. EdmistonJr.Jr.. (2012) Clostridium difficile . Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 36:6, pages 645-662.
Crossref
Lisa Bertolo, Alexander G. Boncheff, Zuchao Ma, Yu-Han Chen, Terra Wakeford, Robert M. Friendship, Joyce Rosseau, J. Scott Weese, Michele Chu, Michael Mallozzi, Gayatri Vedantam & Mario A. Monteiro. (2012) Clostridium difficile carbohydrates: glucan in spores, PSII common antigen in cells, immunogenicity of PSII in swine and synthesis of a dual C. difficile–ETEC conjugate vaccine. Carbohydrate Research 354, pages 79-86.
Crossref
Yong Gil Kim, David Y. Graham & Byung Ik Jang. (2012) Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Recurrent Clostridium difficile-associated Disease. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology 46:5, pages 397-400.
Crossref
Fariza AmmamJean-Christophe MarvaudThierry Lambert. (2012) Distribution of the vanG -like gene cluster in Clostridium difficile clinical isolates . Canadian Journal of Microbiology 58:4, pages 547-551.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.